Uqoqosho Swiss: isiseko, isakhiwo neempawu

Uqoqosho Swiss - enye en- ehlabathini. Country - umzekelo wendlela unyamezelo, umsebenzi kunye nendlela lifanelekileyo ukuba ukwakhiwa imifuziselo yezoqoqosho ubudlelwane wajika ilizwe elincinane embindini ingeniso eyinkunzi. Ukongezelela ekubeni kwindlela yogcino iphuhlisiwe, Switzerland ihamba phambili imveliso kunye nokhenketho, nto leyo ibe nefuthe elihle kwimo yaso kuluntu ehlabathini.

Ukusuka backwardness yempumelelo

Kangangethuba elide uqoqosho Swiss kwasilela kakhulu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Okwathatha ixesha agrarian-ngamadoda wasidiliza urhulumente phantsi, uvimba indlela yophuhliso. Amanyathelo kwimpumelelo lokuqala lwenziwe kwi XVI-XVII kwiinkulungwane kwiindawo entabeni apho ngobunzulu waqalisa ukuphuhlisa urhwebo noshishino. Nayiphi efektri ukuvelisa komqhaphu neyesilika amalaphu, iiyure. Kwinkulungwane XIX ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho, umdlalo omtsha yasekwa - ukwenyuka, nto leyo iye yazuza ingqalelo ehlabathini lonke.

Ngaphandle kweemeko ezingaginyisi kwezolimo kuqoqosho lwasemaphandleni, Switzerland ijolise kwimveliso yobisi. Phuhlisa amashishini amatsha, eli lizwe liye landa kwamanye amazwe. Ngelo xesha ekuphuhliseni umgca kaloliwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX isekelwe National Bank. Switzerland waba elithumela imo eyinkunzi.

ixesha ekuma

Ngomhla olwandulela Second World War kunye ubude balo uya kumaxesha anzima, kunye noqoqosho Switzerland kaThixo "wavuka 'eli lizwe. imithamo yemveliso Ukwehla. Kodwa emva 1945 imeko waqalisa ukuphucula. Ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yonyuke phantse isiqingatha. Ukwanda kwezoqoqosho kwindawo yokuqala kukhokelele imfuno ephakamileyo izixhobo mveliso kumazwe emva kwemfazwe kunye nokungabikho wokhuphiswano. Ngokubanzi, ukuvela yayo kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XX waba ezimagqagala: ukunyuka wanika indlela kwintlekele, yaye vice versa. A indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kudlale uluvo kwezopolitiko kurhulumente: nokungakhethi cala ngexesha iimfazwe iingxabano zehlabathi, Switzerland iye yaguquka yaba sisiCwangciso i-phambili.

Eyona nto iphambili okuwisa Switzerland kwixesha kwemfazwe, kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu inxaxheba kwezolimo kunye norhwebo kuqoqosho lweli lizwe. Xa iimeko kwiimalike zoqoqosho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi bayilungisa off, urhulumente bafumana uzinzo nempumelelo.

Iimpawu kophuhliso loqoqosho

Buyela kwi XVI-XVII wathatha isigqibo esilungileyo malunga ulwalathiso imisebenzi kweli lizwe. Switzerland na ummandla, uninzi lwazo akafanelekanga ukuba ulimo; izimbiwa, ngaphandle kokuba ubume isityebi, akukho. umphathi Abaqiqayo uyaqonda ukuba kufuneka udale into yabo, okanye ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni sele yasungulwa. Le nto yenzeka e-Switzerland. kwizinga eliphezulu kweemveliso kwazeka kuwo onke States, isabelo ezithunyelwa baqalisa ukuphakama, kwaye uqoqosho - baphumelele. Fumana imali ngokwaneleyo ukusuka kwicandelo elinye, eli lizwe kwavela elinye. Ngoko ke kakuhle imiyalelo eziphambili kushishino ukukhanya kwishishini loxubo. Ayizi phambili ukuvula nje mveliso ezintsha, yaye kubekho ezininzi izinto zehlabathi, ukuba akhona unanamhla.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili kwezoqoqosho eSwitzerland ezisekelwe ubukhulu becala kwiziphumo amandla nobuchule ukusebenzisa ubuninzi zalo eziluncedo. Nangona indawo yayo encinane zokulima kunye ranching, kuphuhliswa wokufama yobisi, bume ezintle malisetyenziselwe ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho loshishino ihotele, imilambo zasendle kunye iintaba yanika sisiseko sokuphuhlisa umbane. Ukukwazi ukuthatha yonke into ukusuka phantse nto - kakuhle iphambili kuqoqosho Swiss, leyo ubuyile ilizwe ngasemva yaseYurophu umgca ngaphambili.

Imeko yangoku karhulumente

Switzerland namhlanje - intliziyo zebhanki nezemali lonke elaseYurophu. Yelizwe zoqoqosho - emarikeni, olusekelwe kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ejikelezayo kwenkunzi amazwe. Urhulumente liphuhlise ukukhanya, amayeza kunye nokutya kwezoshishino, ubunjineli ngoomatshini. Ihlabathi liphela uyazi malunga kwizinga eliphezulu iimpahla ezithunyelwa ukusuka Switzerland - ukusuka yokupheka ukuya kwiiyure kunye nezixhobo zemveliso.

Iimpawu rhwebo eSwitzerland, nangona inani iiyantlukwano zalo abavela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kulula ukuba uqaphele: phantse urhulumente akuyiphazamisi kumsebenzi lwamashishini, abathengi zemarike ebomini, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zobumnini. Uphuhliso olutshintshayo eli lizwe ingqina kuphela oko sele nayenza qhinga ilungelo ekwakheni ubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Kwaye ke imeko yimpumelelo ngokulinganayo ekhaya kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphandle.

Iziqalelo kuqoqosho Switzerland namhlanje? Oku ikakhulu imizi egcina imali, apho kukho abantu abaninzi. Ngenxa amasebe ukuba bonke abantu 1500 kukho kwelinye iziko. Ukongeza nobuninzi nomgangatho ophezulu wenkonzo. Ezi abagcinisa ezithathwa ngenyameko, uze ufunde ukuba amaqela esithathu cishe akunakwenzeka. Le ekungeneni of capital angaphandle ukomeleza imeko yezoqoqosho yelizwe kwaye izisa iinzuzo ezinkulu.

isakhiwo lwamacandelo kuqoqosho Swiss

Le lelinye lamazwe ahambele phambili kunye neendlela zokuphila ephakamileyo phantse akukho ngqesho. Ngenxa nkqubo cala layo ilizwe phantse akukho kulahlekelwa onamava iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Namhlanje, Switzerland busanda kwi ngeendleko liphuhlise amacandelo ezoqoqosho, ngokusekelwe kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Zibandakanya:

• izixhobo, iiyure;
• kushishino kunye yezemithi neenkampani ukukhanya;
• ezolimo;
• imisebenzi yeebhanki;
• ukhenketho.

Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, oko Lilikhulu nenani imibutho abekwa e-Switzerland. umsebenzi lawo ibuchaphazela kakhulu imeko lwelizwe yezoqoqosho. Urhulumente idume ngetyala kwayo iimeko kunye nenkqubo-mali, lentengo eliphantsi kunye nentswela-ngqesho.

ngecandelo lezemveliso

Isiseko Uqoqosho Swiss - mveliso, ngenxa kuphuhliso yayo ngenkulungwane XIX, urhulumente waqala iyatyatyamba. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18, eli lizwe yaziwa ngokuba umenzi umlindo. Ukuba baphumelele kule shishino kunye ukuseka ukungenisa, waqalisa ukuba ukukhanya kunye nokutya mveliso. Nendwangu kwemfuno enkulu phakathi kwamaqabane, kodwa emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, ugxininiso yabekwa kumashishini intsimbi kunye noshishino kwemichiza kunye amayeza.

Namhlanje, icandelo mveliso ubunjwe lwamashishini ezininzi mveliso kunye neenkampani zehlabathi. Uninzi kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo kwamanye amazwe. Switzerland uye buqu ukuba umenzi ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye neemveliso ixesha elide. Eyona ndlela iphambili ye mveliso zelizwe zezi:

• izixhobo bokwenziwa imveliso zokushicilela, - Mechanical zobunjineli koomatshini lazo, ubunjineli yombane. Malunga ne-40% yemveliso kolu shishino athunyelwa kumazwe aphesheya.
• Horology - evelele eSwitzerland, phantse zonke iimveliso igqityiwe zithunyelwa ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe. Bona baziwa ehlabathini lonke yaye zihambisana nempumelelo kunye nomgangatho.
• kwishishini loxubo - in ekhemesti phantse kuwo onke amazwe uyakwazi ukufumana beziyobisi eSwitzerland.
• Nokuveliswa kwemveliso zokutya - bambalwa kakhulu abantu beva samasi Swiss okanye itshokolethi. Apha inkxalabo odumileyo "Nestle" yasungulwa.

Iimpawu zoqoqosho Swiss bancipha ishishini umthamo twa enkulu kunye nezolimo. Indlela avareji ithi yakhiwa ikakhulu kwicandelo wesibini. Apha umntu agcine umfanekiso esahlukileyo.

uzilawula kwezoqoqosho

Trade Foreign - elisekwe indlela leli lizwe, ukuzisa ingeniso yakhe enkulu kunye nokuqondwa ehlabathini lonke. Uqoqosho Swiss usekelwe, ngokukodwa, ngomhla imiqulu esinzima kokuthunyelwa impahla eyenziweyo, amayeza kunye nokutya. Amaqabane eziphambili unguye US, EU, China, Japan.

Isabelo ezithunyelwa Swiss phantse sisiqingatha GDP, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, kukho inkalo uphawu imo yoqoqosho. Country - WTO nxaxheba benza yinkululeko kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, lo kwimarike yasekhaya e-Switzerland uhlala ezivaliweyo: ngamanye amaxesha abantu banyanzeleka ukuba baye ngenxa ezivenkileni phesheya.

ezolimo

Nangona into yokuba sesithathu kummandla Switzerland alulungelanga zokulima, yaye omnye ikota nekuhlala amahlathi, urhulumente self-owaneleyo inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi, kunye nengqolowa. It ukutya eveliswa kwemfuneko. Noko ke, malunga-40% iya kuqhubeka kufuneke ukuba zingeniswe elizweni.

Uqoqosho Swiss sibhekiswe ukusetyenziswa emacaleni aso inamandla. Nkqu negative ukwenzela uphuhliso iimeko kwezolimo baphumelele kwemveliso yobisi kunye izilwanyana. sisi Swiss iye yaba yenye edumileyo okumnandi ehlabathini. Iimveliso zezolimo eziphambili - beetroot, iitapile kunye nengqolowa. Ulimo kakhulu kwi cantons yase Zurich, Fribourg, Aargau, Vaud, Bern, leyo kunokucaciswa Indawo yabo indawo.

Eneji kunye nezinto okrwada

Highlands ngokusebenzisana kunye nemilambo ezikhawulezayo ukuba ukunika osebenza ngamanzi, nto leyo malunga nesiqingatha amandla iyonke zaveliswa. Kangangexesha elide abasebenza izityalo ezintlanu senyukliya kunye nokwakhiwa iiprojekthi, inani kusathe 10. Emva ngozi e Fukushima, urhulumente ehlaziyiweyo izimvo zalo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla enyukliya. sicwangciso siye saqulunqwa olunenani kukulahlwa ngokupheleleyo amandla enyukliya de 2050. Noko ke, amanye amaqela ezopolitiko 2016 abachasene ezihanjiswayo ukwaliwa kwezityalo zamandla enyukliya, t. To. Le indlela abuyi kufunyanwa, kunye namandla inyukliya ibonelela malunga nesiqingatha kwemfuno zombane karhulumente. Kuyaqapheleka ukuba isityalo samandla senyukliya Switzerland kakhulu ethembekileyo elide.

Uphuhliso lwecandelo umbane kukusetyenziswa iphambili izimbiwa, apho phantse akukho lizwe. Oyile negesi kufuneke ukuba zingeniswe elizweni zivela phesheya. ukusetyenziswa ngobulumko kwemithombo yendalo, kulo mzekelo, ummandla weentaba, kuba nempembelelo entle noqoqosho karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba imithombo imveliso yezamandla imbi, umba ekurhoxisweni izityalo amandla enyukliya inkinga.

zebhanki

Ubume kwezoqoqosho eSwitzerland ayikho kuphela ukwakhiwa amacandelo ezolimo. Ukutsala capital amazwe - enye yeendlela zophuhliso engundoqo eli lizwe. iibhanki Swiss zithathwa kwezithembiso kakhulu kwaye athembekile. Kuphela kweli lizwe, eli Umtyalimali usenako Ungakhathazeki malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko imali yabo. Yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngemali usebenzisa ikhowudi okhethekileyo. Akukho mntu unelungelo lokwazi ukuba ngubani umsebenzisi ngaseludinini Swiss. arhente Intelligence kufuneka ukuba zinike ingcaciso kuphela xa kuqinisekiswa yi isibakala ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

cala engahexiyo Switzerland utsale abatyali abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Nokuba ngexesha iinkokeli lokuQala kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini angamalungu bakhetha "ukufihla 'imali kwazo kwiibhanki Swiss. flow liqhawuke of capital kunempembelelo entle kuqoqosho Swiss. Ezi mali zisetyenziselwa kuphuhliso lwamashisini, amashishini amancinane okanye mboleko kwamanye amazwe. Zurich Iyindawo kwihlabathi urhwebo igolide. Ukusuka ngokumisela indlela kwixesha elizayo ixhomekeke-ntle phantse ehlabathini lonke.

ukwananisa ngezithuthi

uqhagamshelwano eziphuhliswe kakhulu kunye nezinye iinxalenye hlabathi ndoqhayisa eSwitzerland. Uqoqosho lizwe, ezijolise umthamo omkhulu kumazwe angaphandle, ifuna isiphambuka indlela elungileyo. Zikaloliwe tracks ilizwe elincinane phakathi kakhulu eYurophu. Phantse zonke kubo ugesi.

Switzerland Mnye kuphela mfula izikhephe elwandle - umlambo iRhine kummandla we Basel - Rheinfelden. ubude inxalenye leekhilomitha-19. Apha yayakhiwe izibuko emlanjeni kulawulo zemveliso kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.

Tourism and Hospitality

Ngaphezu kwama-70% wokusetyenzwa labemi Switzerland abaqeshwe kwicandelo nkonzo. Ku apha wazalwa Hospitality. Tourism kuzisa imbuyekezo entle: imbono waminyaka le Alps etsala malunga neshumi lezigidi zabantu, eshiya ilizwe imali eninzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izinga eliphezulu abatyeleli kweenkonzo kunye nohlobo zingabanjwanga ngamakhubalo ngaphandle ukuzisola uhlawula zonke iindleko.

Uqoqosho Swiss kunye nokusebenza yayo ethile bancipha enamandla eliphezulu kwizinto ezintle ezenziwa ngurhulumente. Phantse akukho lizwe baye bakwazi ukudibanisa zonke iingenelo baqondise kwicala elifanelekileyo. Switzerland - umzekelo wendlela inzuzo izibonelelo ndawo ukwakha uqoqosho yomeleleyo ehlabathini.