Yiyiphi imbono yobusuku kufuneka ndiyikhethe?

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo abantu banokuphela kokuphupha izinto nezinto ezahlukileyo. Kuze kube ngoku, eli thuba liye kuphela kwizilwanyana nakwiintaka. Ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kunye noshishino lombutho ngokubanzi, le ngxaki isisombululo ngokudala izixhobo ezizodwa kunye nokulungelelanisa umsebenzi ebusuku. Kwaye kwakubonwa umbono wobusuku. Uyintoni na? Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ukhethe njani wena?

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi yemibono yombono ebusuku

Iimboniso zombono webusuku zixhobo ezincinci ezibukeka njengezonyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwe kwizixhobo eziphathekayo, ezifana nezixhobo, ukulungiselela ukubonakala ebusuku.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba iimveliso ezinjalo zibonakala ngathi zilula, ngaphakathi kwazo zinzima. Ngaloo ndlela, imibono yombono yokuzingela iquka izinto ezilandelayo zokusebenza:

• Lens;
• Umkhanyiso we-IR (kunye nemitha ye-infrared radiation);
• Iibhetri;
• I-electron-optical converter (umfanekiso we-intensifier);
• IQumrhu kunye neyamehlo.

Ukubona kwimbono ebusuku kubonakala kusetyenziswa isicatshulwa esiluncedo ekukhombiseni ukukhanya okujoliswe kuzo kwizixhobo ezikhanyayo ebusuku. Ezi zixhobo zingaba lixesha lobusuku obupheleleyo, okanye zibe neyesibini (isetyenziswe imini nobusuku) kunye neenjongo ezintathu (zisebenza emini, kusihlwa nasebusuku). Kwakhona, izixhobo ezinjalo zingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lwezinto ezinamathiselweyo kwi-telescopic.

Isixhobo ngokwaso siqhotyoshelweyo ngqo kwisikhongo sesikhali ngokuhambelana ne-axis ye-barrel. Sebenzisa loo nto ngexesha lemfazwe ekhuselayo, ukukhusela izinto ezijikeleze umjikelezo, xa kuthengisa umlilo kwindawo yokukhusela.

Nguwuphi umgaqo osebenzayo kumnyama?

Umgaqo wesixhobo sombono webusuku, okanye i-NVN esicacisiwe, kukubamba ukukhanya okuboniswe kwinto kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwandisa. Kule meko, umthombo wokukhanya ungaba ngumbane, isibane se-fluorescent, isibhakabhaka esinenkwenkwezi okanye inyanga epheleleyo.

Yona inkqubo yeso sixhobo ilandelayo: ukukhanya okuboniswe kumthombo wokukhanya kudluliselwa kwi-lens yenjongo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza iqondiswe kwi-converter (EOP); Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, kukho ukunyuka okuphezulu kwikhanyiso efunyenwe yicebo kunye nokuyithumela kwijiso lomlindi.

Ekugqibeleni, uphawu lokukhanya oludluliselwa kumbono webusuku lwenziwa ngendlela ethile kwaye lufumana ukubonakala kwe-monochrome. Njengomthetho, umbonisi ubona umfanekiso obangelwayo kwiitoni eziluhlaza.

Ukuba umntu onesibonakalo sombono webusuku unyanzelekile ukuba asebenze phantsi kweemeko zokungabikho kokukhanya, unokuhlala esebenzisa isibane esibekwe kwi- infrared lamp. Khumbula ukuba ezi zibane zivelisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwiso lomboneli kwibala elide.

Ziziphi iindidi zombono webusuku ezikhoyo?

Ukuba uceba kuphela ukuthenga umbono wobusuku, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi i-PNV. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mveliso inokwahlula kwiintlobo ezintathu:

• Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina izinto emnyama;
• Iimpawu zokuzingela nezixhobo zemikhosi;
• Iiglasi zombono ebusuku.

Zonke ezi ntlobo zePNV (ngaphandle kweyokuqala) zingasetyenziswa zombini njengeemveliso ezimeleyo, kwaye zidibene nezixhobo. Kwakhona kuthengiswa kukho izixhobo zokucabangela ukukhanya nokutshitshiswa komzimba wombono ebusuku. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhethwa kwesi sixhobo kuya kuxhomekeka ngqo ekusebenziseni kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nomgama apho kucetywayo ukuba udibana ngqo notshaba okanye into yokuqwalasela.

Kutheni sifuna amadivaysi okujonga ebusuku?

Uninzi lwezixhobo zobungqina bokuhlwa, ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wabo wokusebenza, zilingana nama-binoculars kunye ne-periscopes. Zisetyenziselwa ukuziphatha kwemisebenzi yokubonga, kwimeko yokuqhelaniswa kwendawo. Nangona kunjalo, ayesetyenziswanga ukwenza umlilo ojoliswe kuwo.

Iiglasi zombono ebusuku: zithini?

Iiglasi, ngokungafani nembono, zifakwe kwinqanaba lemehlo lombonisi. Ziqhotyoshelwe kwisigqoko ngoncedo lweebhanti ezikhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zikhulula izandla. Ukuba iiplani zicetywayo ukuba zisetyenziswe kunye neengalo ezincinci, kufuneka ungeze ngokwengeziwe ukuthenga i-device ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, kwindima apho i-laser ye-infrared isetyenziswa rhoqo.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kweemodeli zezinto?

Zonke iimodeli zezinto ezikhethiweyo zingahlukahluka komnye nomnye, kuxhomekeke kumenzi kunye nenjongo yesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, banokuba ngabaguquli be-electron-optical ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, umahluko uqukethe impawu, umzekelo, isisombululo kunye novelwano lwe-cathode, kunye nokuvama kwendawo yokujonga.

Ukongezelela, umbono webusuku ungabonakala kunye nedijithali. Ngexesha elifanayo, kwiidivaysi zedijithali ezibukeka zikhulu kunezinto ezibonakalayo, i-rangemeter, uluhlu olude lokufumanisa, ngaphezu kweentlobo ezintathu zokuguqulwa kokubona, uphawu lokubala luphawu. I-Optical iyimiboniso ye-compact kunye nokuphindaphinda okuncinci, okunokuba kunikwe ukukhanya kokukhanya kwedijithali eyongezelelweyo, kunye ne-gyroscopic yokucima ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-backlight switch system.

Ngoko ke, uhlobo lomboniso, umenzi kunye nokusebenza kwalo mveliso kuya kuxhomekeka kwiindleko zayo.

Ziziphi iimpawu okufanele ndizithobele?

Ukuzikhethela ubonyo bombono obusuku bombono, qwa lasela ukhetho olubalulekileyo njengombonakalo / isandi (S / N). Eli xabiso liya kuvumela ukugcina into ejoliswe kuyo xa kwenzeka ukukhanya okungahambi kakuhle kwendawo kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka komfanekiso. Kwiimodeli zanamhlanje, eli xabiso lisetyenziswe kwisikali ukususela kwi-3.5 ukuya ku-36. Ngokufanelekileyo, imifanekiso kufuneka ikhethwe ukuba le ngcaciso ingenani 20.

Iphuzu lesibini elibalulekileyo ekukhetheni umbono kuyisisombululo. Njengomthetho, kuboniswa kwinani leebini ezimbini nge-millimeter (lp / mm), kwaye kuvela kuyo ukuba ukuhluka kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo komfanekiso ogqithisiweyo kuxhomekeke. Umzekelo, umfanekiso ophezulu unokudlulisa umbono wegubungubusuku bobusuku kunye nesisombululo se-30 ukuya ku-70 lp / mm.

Isalathisi esibalulekileyo sesithathu yinqanaba lezithombe ezibonakaliswa kwi-hA / lm. Esi sibonakaliso sinquma ukuxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kweerameter parameters ezisungulwe kwisixhobo ukususela ekuhleni.

Kwakhona kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo zombono webusuku ziyahlukahluka ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo lomsebenzi wethubhu. Baye mna kunye nami, + II kunye II +, kunye nesizukulwana III.

Izixhobo zasebusuku kunye nam no-I +

Iimveliso kunye ne-IOPs zokuqala zizalisekile. Ezi zixhobo ziquka, umzekelo, ukuzingela izibhamu. Ukongezelela, izixhobo zobusuku bezizukulwana zokuqala zenzelwe ukudubula ekujoliswe kuyo ukusuka kumgama omfutshane (ukuya kuma-80-150 m). Zizibonakalisa ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubukho bokucaca emfanekisweni kuphela kwiziko;
• Ukuphazamiseka komfanekiso kwimida;
• Ubukho bemvume encinane.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo weemveliso ezinjalo ngumbono wobusuku "UDaedalus" 180 HR (100). Lo mzekelo uxhotyiswe ngomzimba oqinileyo we-cermet kwaye ulungele ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisana ne-smoothbore gun.

Ukususela kwiingeniso zale klasi kunokuchongwa ixabiso layo elingathengiyo. Kwimigodi yintsikelelo ekukhanyeni kunye nokuthintelwa kwez options ezingaphezulu.

Isizukulwana I + sixhobo sinesisombululo esiphezulu. Ityathwa njengamandla kwaye inokuthenjelwa kwee-fiber-optic washers, ezimi ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwesixhobo. Kwaye nangona loo mizekelo, njengomthetho, inenani eliphezulu kune-IOP yesizukulwana sokuqala, zixhotyiswe ngokukhuselekileyo ekukhuseleni. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zixhobo ziquka iPulsar (ubona umbono wobusuku).

Izixhobo zasebusuku ezine-II kunye ne-II +

Iifowuni zesizukulwana sesibini zibhekwa njengoluhlobo lwegolide olubhekiselele phakathi kwezinye izixhobo kumgca wemveliso. Yingakho banesidingo esikhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezingcingo abanamava athile okudubula kwiithagethi. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezinjalo kukuba ngoncedo lwawo unokwenza umsebenzi nangona kungekho kubakho konke ukukhanya.

Kwakhona, ezi zixhobo zinesihlomelo esiphezulu samanje, esibangela ukunyuka kwethathu kunye nantlanu kwinto ephantsi kokufundisisa. Ukongezelela, izixhobo zobusuku besi sizukulwana ziyakwazi ukuqonda iinkcukacha zabantu malunga ne-250-300 m.

Amadivaysi wesizukulwana II + anesabelo esiluncedo sokwandisa amathuba okukhanya kwelanga. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, amacebo alolu hlobo anemvakalelo eninzi kunye nemifanekiso enqwenelekayo, ngoko ahlala esetyenziswa xa esebenza kwindawo evulekile. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zixhobo zibandakanya umbono webusuku ukubona i-Sentinel kunye nemizekelo yayo yeG2 + 3x50, i-G2 + 3x50 MD nabanye.

Izixhobo zasebusuku ezinomfanekiso wokuqinisa umfanekiso wesizukulwana III

Imibono yombono webusuku wesizukulwana sesithathu iyingcingo zezobugcisa. Baneenamba ezincedisayo ezinokunceda ukubonisa ukucaca komfanekiso, ngokuqwalasela imibala kunye nemibala. Izixhobo zolu hlobo azifanelekanga ukusebenza kwizixeko, ngoko zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi ethile yokuhlangula kwindawo evulekile. Umzekelo omangalisayo weenkampani ezenza izixhobo ezinjalo yi Yukon. Umbono wobusuku obunokusebenza kwawo unobulunga obuphezulu kwaye unempawu eziphezulu zokusebenza.

Yintoni endiyifunayo xa ndikhetha ukubona?

Ukukhetha umbono kwimibono yasebusuku, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iimbonakalo ezifana nokucaca komfanekiso ogqithisiweyo. Kwaye, ngokucacileyo into ebonwayo iboniswa kwiskrini, kulula ukuyichonga. Into yesibili ukunyamekela ingqalelo kwinqanaba lokukhanya lomfanekiso. Ingongoma yesithathu ebalulekileyo kukuhlola amandla kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwezixhobo.

Emva koko, thobela ingqalelo yokufikelela kumfanekiso xa usebenza kunye nesixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, le nto inokukhula kwintathu kunye neyesine. Kwakhona ujonge iisalathisi ezifana nobubanzi bentsimbi, indawo yokujonga kunye nokujonga i-angle, ukugxilwa, ubunzima kunye nobukhulu. Ukongezelela, funda, ukhethe ukubona kwimbono ebusuku, ukuhlaziywa. Umzekelo, abaqalayo abaninzi abaqala njengezinto zokuqala zokuzalwa. Izandla ezibonelela kunye nababonayo zikhetha izixhobo zesizukulwana II, II + no-III.

Ukongeza, ngokusondela kumzekelo oyithandayo, cela malunga neempawu kunye neempawu zesixhobo. Ngokukodwa, iintlobo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zifanelwe kuphela kwisixhobo esithile sezixhobo.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufuna ukuzama amathuba okwenyani kweso sixhobo, unokuhlala usisebenzisa inkonzo eyaziwayo namhlanje - ukuqhuba uvavanyo. Ngombulelo uya kuba nako ukukhetha iintlobo zeentlobo zeentlobo ze-2-3 uze wenze ukuvunyelwa kwazo kwiiveki ezimbini.

Ekupheliseni, masithi ukuba xa ukhetha ukubona, kufuneka uqikelele iinjongo zokufumana kwawo, iimpawu zomhlaba kunye nezinye izinto ezinobunzima.