Uxanduva ubumbano - oku ... Joint yaye ezininzi ubutyala: i-Code Civil. Yiyiphi eyona mbopheleleko ekwabelwana

I-Code Civil wohlula ingqikelelo 'uxanduva' ukuba uhlobo ezimbalwa. Ngokukodwa, kweli nqaku siza sichaze ukuba yintoni uxanduva joint, yaye xa oko kunokuthi kwenzeke. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye umdla wezoqoqosho ngokufikelela intengiselwano ukuphelisa kuvela abatyalwayo nje kuphela kodwa banamatyala. Noko ke, kukho Luxanduva abemi okanye abantu ngokusemthethweni ukuba njalo, kodwa ke kuphela ukuba abangenakwahlulelana umxholo imbopheleleko, xa buhlungu abantu eziliqela kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezithile.

Ingcamango kwindima

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, olu hlobo yoxanduva iza phantsi kweemeko ezithile kuphela. Uxanduva ubumbano - ukuzibophelela, leyo kwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezichazwe yi-Civil Code, ezinye imimiselo okanye isivumelwano ngokwayo. Umthetho uthi xa abo banamatyala eziliqela okanye amatyala imbopheleleko othi enxulumene ishishini, ngoko ke bafanele ukuba noxanduva ngokudibeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ubudlelwane ishishini usoloko kwandisa amathuba.

umthetho

I-Code Civil kunye nezinye imithetho echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba unako ukuza luxanduva ekwabelwana. Umzekelo, ukuba ezikhethiweyo nomthengisi, ngokungqinelana yesivumelwano sentengiso, kuya kuba umnini uxanduva, umqeshi unakho ukwenza amabango ephuma kwisivumelwano ukuthenga nokuthengisa, umthengisi lo mhlaba, ngokunjalo umnini ezivelayo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo umthengi iimpahla, ukuba kwento ethengiwe iya kuba mgangathweni okanye ezineziphene. Ngenxa yoko, umboleki anikwe ithuba lokungenisa ibango nokuba umthengisi okanye umenzi ngqo. Umthetho lichaza ngemimiselo efanayo wabaseki ezinye iintlobo amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Ngoko ke, i nxaxheba isivumelwano intsebenziswano elula kumele babekwe ahlawule zonke izibophelelo zombutho omtsha. I-Russian Civil Code ikwabonelela Kwelinye icala, xa umntu othile uya kuba noxanduva efanayo - ebangela umonakalo kwizifundo eziliqela. Oko kukuthi, kwakukho uxanduva ekwabelwana ukuba, umntu akudingeki ukuba lunxulunyaniswe kwi ubuhlobo zezivumelwano. Kwanele ukuba benze icala elifanayo.

nezibophelelo zezivumelwano

Njengoko sele sibonile, luxanduva yamanyama - ukuzinikela ezithi zenzeke ngaxeshanye umntu ngaphezu kwesinye kwi intlanganisela yeemeko ezithile. Kwangaxeshanye, lo mthwalo kunokwenzeka ngenxa kuphela umthetho kodwa ikhontrakthi. Ukuba isivumelwano usisigxina ukuba singabanetyala ngokuhlangeneyo sisisulu otyalwayo, oko kufuna intlawulo ityala bonke abanamatyala, yaye ngamnye kubo ngokwahlukeneyo. Loo mntu unalo lonke igunya ukubophelela omnye wabo ukuhlawula inxalenye okanye yonke imali yetyala luphela. Lo mthetho umisela ukuba xa omnye onetyala azinikezelwanga ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo ityala, umboleki uvumelekile ukuba kufunwe imali ayikho kwezinye amaqela ku yingisela. abo banamatyala Joint kuya kufuneka kude kube lelo xesha njengoko musa ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfanelo zabo phantsi isivumelwano.

amalungelo njengomboleki-

Uxanduva ubumbano - le yindlela ebalulekileyo kakhulu ukukhusela amalungelo otyalwayo. Ukuba umntu onetyala yimbophelelo joint, kufuneka bangabi kumabango otyalwayo ngayo. Ukuba omnye onetyala ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfanelo zalo, nabanye abantu, yena, kunye naye xa bebonke baya kuxolelwa izenzo ezinjalo ngokuthanda otyalwayo.

Ukuba isivumelwano ingakhankanywanga ngokwahlukileyo, le unetyala owenze imbopheleleko ngokudibeneyo eziliqela, ukuze simise kuchaswa (umva) ibango kwabanye abatyalayo kwi imbuyekezo iindleko zawo yenkonzo yetyala (share ngaphantsi kwe lowo uwe phezu kwakhe). Emva kokuba intlawulo yetyala onetyala iba otyalwayo ngenxa enye co-banamatyala. Ukuba uyavuma ukuhlawula le mali ngokuzithandela, ngoko loo mntu unokuya enkundleni.

Amalungelo kunye uqinisekisa ukuba amaqela

Imodeli kolwalamano ezinjalo kakhulu kukholekileyo otyalwayo, njengoko ufumana isiqinisekiso okuninzi ukuba ukuzibophelela ziya kuzaliseka. ubutyala Joint kunye eziliqela kumthetho wembambano kuye kwabonelelwa ukucutha umngcipheko yelahleko endodeni. Ngapha koko, ukuba nomnye waba baququzeleli-singabanetyala akuthethi ukuhlawula ityala, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba umbolekisi yokugubungela ilahleko ngokuyinxenye ngokupheleleyo okanye, ungakwazi elinye iqela, obuya kuba liability ngokuhlangeneyo. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze kubekho enye imeko. umthetho Civil inikeza ukuze kubekho ubudlelwane loo xa amaqela ukuya mvumelwano iya kuba unetyala omnye amatyala eziliqela.

Uxanduva nemeko

Kwezinye iimeko, ubutyala ngokudibeneyo eziliqela kwi-mboleko angenzeka umntu nje ayinanxaxheba isivumelwano. Noko ke, ukuze abe unetyala ngenxa eziimbophelelo yomntu kunokuba kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani enokulungiswa kwaye ukuba kwiphepha ukungcola imali akuthethi kuyimisela ezihlangwini ngokusemthethweni, uxanduva lokujongana namatyala nkampani kungenziwa siguqulwe ancedisayo (ukuba idibane kwiqumrhu ukulungiselela yonke imisebenzi).

Subsidiarity yaye kwabelwane uxanduva: iiyantlukwano

Ukongeza lomanyano, umthetho uchaza olunye uhlobo liability - ancedisayo. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwala magama mabini kukuba njengoxanduva engagqibekanga kunokwenzeka kuphela xa onetyala inqununu asikwazi ukufeza iimfanelo zabo ngokobuqu. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu onetyala kolwakhe - uhlobo "player bucala", kukho isiqinisekiso olongezelelweyo ukuba isibophelelo yona iza kunyanzeliswa. Umbolekisi akakwazi nangoko ukuthumela onetyala olongezelelweyo ukuhlawula ityala. Ukuze ibango kuphela emva kokuba umboleki "engundoqo" wasilela ukuzalisekisa imfanelo yakhe. Ukuba umbolekisi kuya kufuna ukuba ukuhlawula amatyala onetyala kolwakhe, loo mntu kufuneka axele onetyala inqununu. Ukuba umntu onetyala kolwakhe ziya kunikwa kwimbambano ekhoyo, kwetyala kufuneka inxaxheba kunye obolekayo ephambili.

iziphumo

Siye sahlolisisa zonke iimeko apho okunokwenzeka liability eziliqela. Civil Code of the Russian Federation kwelona nqanaba liphezulu elawula ubudlelwane phakathi abanamatyala ezidityanelweyo (amatyala). ubutyala Joint ezinokuvela ngenxa laMalungiselelo lesivumelwano, umthetho okanye umonakalo kubantu eziliqela. Ukuba omnye co-abanamatyala ziya ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zawo kulungiselelwa ogwetyelweyo otyalwayo (amaxhoba) sitsho, ukuba unalo igunya okufuna ukusuka namanye amaqela imbuyekezo yesixa esilolo (hayi kuquka isabelo wayo). Ngelo xesha linye umbolekisi ngokwayo ilungelo lokugqiba kuye ukwenza neemfuno: bonke abantu ubophelelekile phantsi lesivumelwano, okanye ezinye omnye.

Uxanduva ubumbano - indlela eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ingozi ngemali. Noko ke, lo msebenzi kungenzeka akasoloko, kodwa kuphela xa kwimeko imbopheleleko hluleki yesifundo, okanye ukuba umntu ngaphezu kwesinye yingozi zombini.