Vertebra wesibeleko: anatomy, isakhiwo. kwalapho wesibeleko

Spine - kuba sisiseko amathambo womntu omnye lweenkqubo zayo ezinkulu. Yaba nguye lowo likhusela umnqonqo kwaye lixhasa umzimba kwindawo tye. Ngaphezu koko, umnqonqo azikhusele concussions ingqondo ngexesha motion bomntu. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zayo ukunceda eliphezulu. Ukuba uyakwazi ukuchaza isakhiwo ekhethekileyo yomqolo - liphethe 24 omqolo. Zingamaqela ngezigaba ezine iipropati eziqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwezi mpawu ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo ngamnye vertebra wesibeleko. Anatomy, wafundisa ezikolweni, asisiniki umfanekiso opheleleyo le. Ngoko ke, ufumaneka umonakalo kwalapho wesibeleko. Kwaye oku kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba ngeli xesha zako-ethe. Kwaye kunqweneleka ukuba ukwazi umntu ngamnye, yintoni iimpawu wenza vertebra nganye wesibeleko.

Anatomy yomqolo wesibeleko

Umnqonqo la engenamsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukhuseleko umnqonqo. Yena unika ngumkhinkqi skeleton kwaye yenza nezothuso xa ehamba. Ukongeza, umnqonqo unako ukwenza iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, nguye isiseko skeleton oluntu kwaye lixhasa umzimba kwindawo tye lubamba nezothuso. Isebe nganye inombolo awodwa kunye nolwakhiwo amathambo. Abaninzi kubo kummandla thoracic, kwaye kukho makhulu kakhulu. Xa amalungu omqolo empontshwa kunye sacrum zibekwe kufutshane kakhulu omnye komnye, ngokuthe ngcembe kukhule ndawonye nabanye ukuba kobchika. Kodwa basesichengeni kakhulu yaye ethe umnqonqo wesibeleko. Le ibandakanya omqolo ezisixhenxe, phantse zonke apho umntu isakhiwo olwahlukileyo. Kweli nqanaba kwikholam spinal kruthu kancinci phambili ngohlobo leta 'c'. Umnqonqo wesibeleko mobile kakhulu kwaye likuvumela ukuba wenze iintlobo lweentshukumo yentloko. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba izihlunu entanyeni ibuthathaka kunye nobukhulu encinane amathambo yindawo rhoqo baboniswa kukwenzakala okanye umonakalo.

Iimpawu ze amathambo wesibeleko

Ngaphakathi kumhlathi spinal ke umnqonqo. Umkile umthunzi yakhe inikwa isakhiwo eyodwa omqolo:

- inxalenye ngaphambili ebizwa umzimba vertebral kwaye imilo zezindlu;

- emva kwakhe spinal intambo channel echazwe arc vertebra;

- Ukongeza, it has iinkqubo spinous, eqonda imigodi imithambo yegazi.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo elimiswe vertebra wesibeleko. komzimba Human kusenza siqonde ukuba kutheni kufuneka balumke, kwaye kutheni ngoko nokwenzakala ezininzi kwenzeka kwalapho wesibeleko. Amalungu omqolo kule ndawo lincinane ngobukhulu kwaye zibuthathaka kakhulu. Sekukancinane zonke ezahlukeneyo ubukhulu kunye nokumila. I intsimbi yokuqala ubizwa ngokuba "Atlas", ubazisa umnqonqo ukuya ukakayi. Ngaphezu koko, ezantsi kwakhe ngendlela entsonkothileyo ezinxulumene vertebra yesibini, ebizwa ngokuba "Axis". Engaqhelekanga kubume njengoko omqolo lesithandathu wesixhenxe wesibeleko. Oku kunokucaciswa imisebenzi ukwenza. Isakhiwo ekhethekileyo amathambo wesibeleko kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhuselwe umnqonqo, ukubonelela izinto eziyimfuneko Głowno ukutya ingqondo kunye nokukwazi ukwenza iintlobo iintshukumo ezincinane entloko.

1 no 2 vertebra wesibeleko

Le vertebra oneziqhamo ebizwa ngokuba "Atlas". Yena yezihlunu kwaye akukho umzimba kunye nenkqubo spinous. Kweli nqanaba umnqonqo kanga nge ithambo Occipital, kunye umnqonqo ukuya entloko. Oku kugqiba isakhiwo ethile le "Atlanta": kuba iqulathe jike ezimbini, owayamene lomsele spinal. Phambi kwabo yakha esigingqini encinane ngaphambili nangesemva - ukudakumba, xa idityaniswe nenkqubo odontoid le vertebra yesibini. Ngasemva ine i arc groove apho iqhele kwemithambo vertebral. indawo ephezulu glenoid "Atlanta" na khaxa, umzantsi - flat. Into yokuba libambe indawo oluphakathi phakathi kwe umnqonqo kunye nentloko, ichaza isizathu sokuba isakhiwo onjalo vertebra lokuqala wesibeleko. Anatomy licinga iimpawu vertebra yesibini, ebizwa ngokuba "Axis". Anakho 'amazinyo' abukhali, ophezu Izihloko lomnyango "Atlant 'intloko yakhe. Loo isakhiwo vertebra yesibini wesibeleko inika ukukwazi ukwenza iintshukumo ejikelezayo lasentloko, nelamaxandeka. Phakathi "Alanta" yaye "Axis" akukho intervertebral idiskhi, zakha ezimbaxa nezintsonkothileyo lohlobo ehlangeneyo. Ngoko ngokufuthi kule ndawo amatyala ukwenzakala ezihlambela amandla engqondo.

6 no 7 omqolo wesibeleko

Phantsi umnqonqo eli sebe a nokwandisa kancinane. Nantsi ke 7 inkulu vertebra wesibeleko. Ude uthetha, abantu abaninzi bakufumanisa emantloko ibheke phambili. Ngoko ke, ibizwa ngokuba elibambeleyo. Ukuba kudla abemi count vertebral. Ngelo emazantsi isiphathele emseleni. Le ndawo liqhagamshelene ubambo kuqala. 7 vertebra wesibeleko inomnye umsebenzi - Ekungeneni kwiinkqubo ezinqamlezayo wakhe okanye encinane kakhulu, okanye hayi kwaphela. Uphethe umnqamlezo elide yaye enye inkqubo enkulu spinous, leyo, ngokungafaniyo nabanye musa bifurcated. Ngale vertebra oluya transversely eVienna, yaye kuphela ukuba ngambini ezingcanjini-luvo. Amaninzi kule ndawo kwaye kukho yokulahlwa kwe neetyuwa kuyilwa ngendlela ethe "esibunayo". 6 vertebra wesibeleko ikwabizwa ngokuba "komqamelo." Eli gama lanikwa ngenxa yokuba ngaphambili elisemqolo yakhe kubekwe kufutshane kakhulu kwemithambo carotid, kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, ugqirha siyakrazula kuye ukuba ayeke ukopha.

Namanye amalungu omqolo: iimpawu

Kaloku umzimba womntu kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza lomqolo wesibeleko kufuneka mobile kakhulu. Oku kuqinisekiswa isakhiwo yalo ekhethekileyo. Wesibeleko omqolo umntu ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu linobungakanani encinane kakhulu. Le mingxuma kwakhona emzimbeni wabo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo efanayo imilo ukuya unxantathu. Iikona aphezulu amathambo ezivelileyo kancinane, bakha undi. Sicacise iinkqubo zabo zimfutshane kwaye ibekwe kancinane kwi-engile. 3, 4 no-5 omqolo wesibeleko kusekho iinkqubo ezincinane ezinqamlezayo kwaye spinous eziphelweni uphuphu. Iinkqubo ezinqamlezayo kukho amathuba imithambo yegazi. Kungenxa ngabo kwemithambo vertebral eliyintloko ulondla ingqondo.

Kutheni ufuna le sakhiwo

umzimba womntu yenzelwe ngobulumko, akukho nto nesilima, kwaye zonke iinkcukacha ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwalapho wesibeleko. nesakhiwo sakhe ekhethekileyo omqolo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukushukumiseka ngcono entanyeni, kwakunye nokukhusela ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ke imeko yale ndawo kwikholam spinal kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yabantu. Le ezimbaxa nezintsonkothileyo kujongwe ukukhusela iimpahla yegazi spinal omqolo kunye nesiqu umonakalo. A Isakhiwo omqolo wesibeleko kunye neenkqubo ezininzi nga kwandisa ummandla sothimbo kubo iiseti izihlunu. Ngapha koko, kweli sebe spine lomntu mobile kakhulu. A uxhulumaniso ekhethekileyo phakathi omqolo ngelixa oluthembekileyo kangako, kodwa esebenza ngakumbi.

ukonzakala spinal kwi kwalapho wesibeleko

Bayakwazi kwenzeka ngenxa iimpembelelo ukuya entanyeni, ngenxeba ngamandla entloko okanye ukuwa. Nkqu kufune ezibukhali okanye ukujikwa entloko kunokukhokelela konzakale amathambo wesibeleko. oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa ukuntywila emanzini kwindawo ongekho nzulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ukwenzakala ziyabulala. Nokuba ezinjengokwaphuka okanye dislocation iintsholongwane ngempumelelo, uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ezinobuzaza kakhulu. Eneneni, le idiski omqolo kunye intervertebral kule ndawo zibuthathaka kangangokuba kusabela kuyo nayiphi na intshukumo ngequbuliso okanye libethwe entloko. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba iziphumo wokwenzakala ngoko nangoko kuvela iintanda njengoko amancinane kwiinkqubo articular ze amathambo azibonakali, nkqu kwi-X-reyi. Kunye neziphumo inokuba kakhulu kubo. Enjani umonakalo kwalapho wesibeleko kakhulu rhoqo:

- nemisipha ezifeleyo;

- waphula Recordable diski intervertebral;

- subluxation kunye dislocation kwe amathambo;

- ukubana abantu amathambo;

- kwamathambo.

Kutheni uhlobo oyingozi umonakalo

Nkqu utshintsho ezincinane isakhiwo omqolo kubandakanya izifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo. Ngokomzekelo, ezi mpawu kunokwenzeka xa herniated idiskhi intervertebral okanye ezimbi:

- ikhanda;

- nesiyezi;

- ubuthathaka jikelele;

- iqinelwa ukuphazamiseka, intetho okanye umbono.

Oku kungenxa yokuba kwemithambo abe vertebral kunye imithambo yegazi ingenisa ingqondo. Xa kukho ingozi embi kakhulu ukuba yonakele omqolo zadenut umsele spinal. Oko kungakhokelela ekubeni umntu uphelelwa ngamandla, uphazamiseko entliziyweni okanye ukufa. Umngcipheko umonakalo umnqonqo sentanyeni yinyaniso ukuba akusoloko nangoko lula ukufumanisa ubuzaza wokwenzakala. Ngamanye amaxesha nje buhlungu xa uhambisa okanye ukudumba abonisa ngayo.

Indlela ukunyanga isifo yomqolo wesibeleko

Kuba ukwenzakala lomqolo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqale unyango ngoko nangoko ukuthintela iingxaki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukulungisa entanyeni kwindawo ezisisigxina. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwi amathambo eyonakeleyo musa kwalimala iimpahla intambo okanye yegazi umnqonqo. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i corset ekhethekileyo semi-ziqinile. Ukuba akukho zizigulo zemithambo, unyango enokwenziwa ekhaya, kodwa emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo kagqirha. Kwimeko yokwenzakala zemiphunga kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umsebenzi weentshukumo ukulungisa entanyeni kwindawo esisigxina ngokusebenzisa inekhola ekhethekileyo engqongqo. Ingasetyenziswa ngemihla yokuqala Oluma ezibandayo okanye novocaine yaye kuvalwe ngeentlungu olomeleleyo. Koko ukubonisa ukuyifundisa yokuthanjiswa, kwaye ngexesha recovery - ukuyifundisa.