Vissarion Belinsky: biography kanye photo

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ibizwa ngokuba Golden Age of iincwadi Russian kunye ithuba ukuyilwa ukugxekwa lobugcisa, umseki kunye omele kakhulu abadumileyo yazo Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich. ukubaluleka zehlabathi indoda ilinganiswa njenge nokuphuhlisa izimvo zakhe. Kule nkalo, ngokutsho bexesha lakhe, Vissarion Belinsky - umgxeki sobulumko-Westerner - azanela ngoko ke inqanaba ingcamango yamaphephandaba. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, uxabiso yokwenene impumelelo bayifumene kakhulu emva kwexesha.

ukubaluleka

Impembelelo yalo intatheli umbhali iincwadi Russian ziviwa unanamhla. Vissarion Belinsky, ngowokuqala ukuseka ingqikelelo echanekileyo iprozi kunye nemibongo ngokubanzi. Yaba nguye lowo wachaza indlela apho ncwadi kwakufuneka aye abe bengafumani mpatheko kwaye abe ngutitshala kubantu abaselula.

umlaza yoncwadi ukuba novalo yenkulungwane yokugqibela inkoliso efunekayo epatini ezizinzululwazi imisebenzi yakhe kuye. Belinsky, ngubani usoloko elamkela italente asakhasayo, phantse ziya ukuyichaza indlela yophuhliso yayo elizayo, uhlobo ngokunyanisekileyo yaye uyakuthanda ihambela ayise lonke abasebenzi abatsha kwi ncwadi. izikhundla yeengcingane, awathi yena, waba impahla eqhelekileyo. Abaninzi kubo osalayo ezifanelekileyo unanamhla. Isizukulwana zoncwadi ezintsha namhlanje esekelwe ukufuna kwakhe ekufuneni inyaniso, kwakunye izimvo ukubaluleka uncwadi ebomini ukuba abaseleyo kubo Vissarion Belinsky.

biography

Umzukulwana wombingeleli kunye unyana ka gqirha kwabaphilileyo, umhlalutyi elizayo kunye umbhali wazalelwa kwilali Belyni e Penza kwiphondo wamashumi amathathu anesibini ka Meyi (11 Juni) 1811. Ukuba Ukufunda bafunda nokubhala kumfundisi wasekuhlaleni, Vissarion Belinsky wathunyelwa ukuya kufunda esikolweni kwisithili, leyo kuvulwa Chembare. Ngowe-1825 watshintshelwa kwisikolo wephondo aphezulu, apho wahlala khona iminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha, Andemka izidanga ikhosi yeminyaka emine. Ngokutsho Belinsky, ukufunda apho akazange aneliseke. Injongo yakhe yaba University eMoscow. Ukuze benze oku sicwangciso lula ikamva uRhazes Russian abakwazanga. Uyise, ngenxa yokunganeli kwemali, ayikwazanga ukugcina unyana wakhe eMoscow. Noko ke, lo mfana wayekulungele ukuphila ubuhlwempu, ukuba nje ukuba abe ngumfundi. Ngo-Agasti 1829 Wacela kwicandelo ngamazwi kunye ezithatyathwe nangeendleko zikarhulumente kunyaka omnye.

impilo University

Kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi (1829-1832) kwasekwa isangqa Belinsky "imibhalo efihlakeleyo nanye." Oku rhoqo kuxoxwe ezininzi iingxaki bulumko, wafundela imisebenzi Bachman, Schelling, kunye neembambano. Kwintlanganiso ye Vissarion Belinsky I ukufunda wabhala umdlalo wokuqala osihloko sithi "Dmitri esibizwa," nto leyo yayisekelwe amava ephilileyo lombhali yelizwe leyinene. umgxeki elizayo enkulu yekhasi emsebenzini wakhe ngolangazelelo uhlaselwe "elinesihloko emibi" iklasi umnini ukuba alahle bayahlelwa abalimi.

Kuhlolwa le Moscow University of idrama njengoko "okubi" yavalwa. Belinsky unoloyiko reference ndinomkhosi eSiberia, kodwa ndabulaleka. Kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi uye wafumana abahlobo bokwenene ngubani na sympathized kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukwabelana ngokupheleleyo neminqweno yakhe. Baba Stankevich, Herzen, Ketscher, Ogarev, E. Korsch kunye nabanye.

ngaphandle

NgoSeptemba 1832 i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo asayina umyalelo ukugxothwa eyunivesithi Belinsky. Amaga- oluqhelekileyo - "ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene, nangenxa iintsilelo ubuchule bakhe." Ngoku isebenza neefoto Vissariona Belinskogo azi umfundi ngamnye, umfundi kwi-Faculty of Philology, kwaye ke ndingaziwa umbhali umntu wabashiya ngaphandle izibonelelo engenakhaya.

Yena waqala ukunika izifundo kunye nokwenza transfers, ngandlel uphila kwi ekumba omncinane. Ngelo xesha, yena ngokusondeleyo eqhelene noProfesa Nadezhdin. Nevuthisayo ngexesha 1831 waseka lowu omtsha obizwa "Teloskop" Belinsky wacela ukuguqulela ekupapasheni yakhe encinane Wikipedia. Yaye ngoSeptemba 1834 Vissarion wanika phephancwadi kunye nqaku yakhe yokuqala ezibalulekileyo. Oku naye, enyanisweni, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe ezinzulu zoncwadi.

circle Stankevich

Ngowe-1833 Belinsky waqalisa ukuya iingokuhlwa boncwadi Aksakov Selivanskogo. Apha ihamba sisondela N. Stankevich, yaye kamva ixesha afakiwe kwisangqa yakhe. izithintelo zemali kunye nokungabikho kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kuba imisebenzi zoncwadi ka Belinsky kwanyanzeleka rhoqo ukutshintsha idilesi yakho; wahlala Rakhmanovsky nasezirhangeni Nadezhdin endlwini eflethini Sukhovo-Kobylin, ngoko kwimeko University eMoscow. Ngo-1835 waqalisa ukusebenza njengoko njengonobhala umbhali A. odumileyo Poltoratsky. Ukuvalwa ngo-1836 iphephancwadi "Telescope", apho Vissarion Belinsky wakhokela isebe ukugxeka, Wamkwelisa nganeno ngaseludinini ubuhlwempu. Ngokutsho ayephila wathi phambi ekuqaleni kuka-1838 enye intathe--kakuhle kunye nombhali, wasinda wabulela kuphela uncedo kubahlobo.

Umsebenzi "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo"

Ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya ku-Oktobha 1838 kule uphakamiso- Aksakov, Belinsky Ufundisa kwi Konstantinovsky ucando Institute, ngoko uba umhleli ongekho mthethweni kwi lowu "Moscow Observer". Ngeli xesha waqalisa ukuya rhoqo intsapho Shchepkin, endihleli intombi wayethandana ngoko. Xa isangqa Moscow Belinsky abazana kwakukho T. Granovsky, P. Mochalov, N. and K. Field, A. Veltman, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Emva lokuvala umba "njengombukeli eMoscow" ngoJuni 1839 umbhali kwakhona ekhohlo ngaphandle ngeendlela, kodwa kungekudala ifumana isimemo esivela A. Krajewski ukuthatha phezu njengentloko yesebe kalindixesha ezibalulekileyo "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo". Ngo-Oktobha waloo nyaka, Vissarion Belinsky wafudukela eSt Petersburg, kwaye kuphela Utyelelo mfutshane eMoscow.

nemibono yezopolitiko

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich, kwintanda-bulumko leyo bekusoloko uthando, baqale ukufunda bayo of romanticism, oko delves kungena iingcamango Schelling, Hegel kunye Fichte. Sele ekuqaleni 1840, yena kabukhali wagxeka ingqikelelo Determinism lale inkqubela, iqukumbela ukuba "bayahlelwa ngamnye umntu kubaluleke ngaphezu bayahlelwa ihlabathi." Ukufika kwe-iimbono Belinsky ihamba unyembo olukhulayo of yimibono bulumko. iinkolelo zakhe zonqulo ukunika indlela amazwi ngokucacileyo ukhona. Kwincwadi yakhe eya Gogol, leyo uyavelana nishube Vissarion Belinsky ubeka ibandla ukugxekwa.

A umgxeki ezaziwayo-kakuhle umbhali, wafa ngo-1848 sephepha. Utshatile, yena ngasemva intombi yakhe eneminyaka emithathu ubudala kunye nelifa omkhulu zoncwadi.