Battle of Mukden: imikhosi zamaqela, imbali

NgoFebruwari 19 1905, waqala kwemfazwe Mukden. Eli dabi lalawo kwaye kakhulu kulo lonke imfazwe Russian-Japanese. Kule ngozi wawuzinyaswe ngabantu malunga 500 lamawaka, kunye nelahleko yaba 160 lamawaka, okt malunga nesinye kwisithathu onke amalungu Army.

Imeko ngaphambi kokuba impi

Ngomhla olwandulela edabini, umkhosi Russian wemka Liaoyang kunye lwendele kufuphi Mukden. imikhosi Japanese zazikufuphi kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba bobabini bazibandakanya ekomelezeni kwizikhundla zabo. Yitsho akumacala ngaphambili, kwacaca ukuba ezayo komdlalo isigqibo. Ngoko ke, umkhosi nganye ngenkuthalo bya angasemva nizalise izintlu zabo.

iziganeko ezinxulumene elinawo yaseJapan. imikhosi Russian kwezinye iinxalenye Bekubonela imfazwe ethekwini wamnikela ngenxa yezikhundla zabo. Oku waphefumlela Japanese yaye yaphakamisa isimo sabo. Kwilizwe LaseJapan wabonakala wento engekhoyo wokuba emfazweni uya kuwinwa igazi encinane Mukden.

Isimo umkhosi Russian

Ngeli xesha, umkhosi Russian waqalisa ukusasaza amarhe malunga kokuqhambuka revolution kwi kwilizwe. Iziganeko eSt Petersburg eMoscow esilimaza kakhulu izizathu ezivakalayo zokuxhasa oko emkhosini. Ukongeza, oko kwabuchaphazela emuva elide, mzuzu kunye iyunifom ehleli izisele imingxuma. Basisasaza phakathi kwamasoldati bedlala amakhadi kunye nokusela. Kwakukho bamkelwe. Amagosa kwafuneka ukuba aququzelele kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ukuba Sizibandakanye ukubamba bakwaEfrayim.

intelligence ntweni. Ngomhla olwandulela ingozi umyalelo wayengazi inani ngqo yotshaba. Wonke umntu wayesazi into enye kuphela: kwedabi Mukden, phantsi ngokomlomo Aleksey Kuropatkin wayeza kuba nzima.

uhlela Abasebenzi

Njengoko kuba amaqhinga kunye neqhinga, umyalelo Russian zange benze nantoni na entsha. ilali Sandepu waye ingongoma ephambili apho ukufaka umkhosi, ngoxa kwakukho idabi Mukden. Injengele kwikomkhulu Kuropatkin yagqiba ukuba le ndawo iza kuba kwindawo enkulu yaseJapan.

Ukuhlaselwa kwi Sandepu zicwangciselwe ukuqala ngoFebruwari 25. Umsebenzi bendilungiselela ukuhlaselwa ngokungqalileyo the 2nd Army, leyo kwafuneka ukugcina unxibelelwano kwi nelisemihlubulweni. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo umyalelo idabi kokwenza iimpazamo ezithile, kamva limele amandla-mkhosi Russian. Ngoko ke, mikhosi nje ezintathu ngokugqithiseleyo eyayinqumla ngaphambili, awenze kakhulu abasengozini ukuhlaselwa lutshaba.

Xa kwinkampu Japanese

Iqela Japanese yaba Oyama Iwao. njongo yayo iphambili, wayekholelwa imeko-mkhosi Russian. ephangweni eshiyekileyo ezikhethiweyo kuhlaselwa omkhulu, njengoko kwakunjalo uninzi zonke kukho yolulekile yinxalenye yotshaba. Ukongeza, silungiselela ayekelele kweziphazamiso. Le feint wayeza ukwenza Army 5. Yayenzelwe uhlaselo kwidolophu Fushun. Yena lunokumphazamisa loovimba Russian lula umsebenzi le imikhosi eziyintloko yaseJapan.

I-Japanese akazange abe luncedo kakhulu inani mkhosi. Oyise utshaba ngenxa noludumileyo wokwamanani ke akwenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa lotshintsho lobeko emkhosini umyalelo waseJapan waphumelela kwindawo noludumileyo encinane nelisemihlubulweni, apho wayefuna inkundla eyinhloko. Ukuba ukudluliselwa ukuya kwindawo efanayo na imeko ndandilungiselela kunye reserve abangabancedani.

Bonke abantu baqonda indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa kwemfazwe Mukden. Ngubani umthetho ngubani wayehleli imisele - akunamsebenzi, kuba onke amajoni kunye negosa ukulungiselela uvavanyo lokugqibela. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umkhosi waseJapan kwi imfazwe aqeqeshwa ziingcali German. E Tokyo, ukuphupha uloyiso ngeyakhe indleko sedan elandela umzekelo eJamani, apho engqongwe ngabantu umkhosi kwanyanzeleka isiFrentshi ukuba anikezele.

Ukuqala edabini

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umyalelo Russian wayesiya ukuhlasela utshaba amanani-25. Noko ke, kule nkampu utshaba elungiselwe imfazwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngobusuku-18 ngoFebruwari 19, ngowokuqala ukuya kwi lohlaselo yi-Japanese. amajoni Kawamura ehlasela Vanguard, owawukhokelwa uKonstantin Alexeev. iiyunithi Advanced yomkhosi Russian kwafuneka baleka. counter Made akazange ukunika iziphumo.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, ngoFebruwari 23 yaqalisa Blizzard. Umoya wawuvuthuza kwicala Russian. I-Japanese, usebenzisa esi sipho kwimozulu, angena kwenye kuhlaselwa Alekseeva sikhundla. amaqabane Rescue waya kukumthetheli-1st Army Manchurian Nikolaya Linevicha. Kwiintsuku ezilandelayo ezi kuhlasela recurred. Bona ngokuxhaswa zokudubula Japanese mihla.

Ithuba leeveki ezintathu-kubulawa

ende e Mukden zange yenzeke ngamini-nye. Oku yayiqhubeka kangangeeveki ezintathu. Umlo senzeka kwindawo ezinkulu bezibandakanya ukuhlaselwa kunye lokuhlaselwa kwiziza ezahlukeneyo. Xa adubula ukuba senze malunga neenduli enye, ukudubula kwelinye ephangweni. Olu uhlobo ngozi yaba ngumqondiso impi entsha, uhlobo mihla. Battle, leyo eyaphela ngamini-nye ngaphambili. Amajoni kwafuneka anyamezele marathon kunzima le zeenkcuba ezininzi, kusukwe kanye returns kwizikhundla zabo zangaphambili.

Kwi-Russian yokuqala Army obo ephangweni yasentshona. Icala Japanese wenza iinzame kuthintelwe utshaba imikhosi ukuya ngasemva, niwonakalise unxibelelwano yotshaba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iqela ekhokelwa Nambu waphumelela yokuhlala encinane Yuhuantul, ngokwenjenjalo ngokujika wolu Russian. Ukuziphendulela esi sigqibo kwakhokelela ekubeni ukufa phantse yonke kwecala 4000th.

ezikhundleni akwenza

NgoMatshi 8, umyalelo Russian waqonda ugrogriso ezizezolonakaliso, liya zazimele kwemfazwe Mukden. Umhla ngokutsha kwathiwa ziza kuba ngosuku olufanayo. Army uhlela ezifunekayo ukuqokelela yonke imikhosi ezishiyekileyo ngenqindi enye. Kodwa ngoMatshi 9 Japanese umbutho kakhulu yayo enamandla bonke kuhlaselwa idabi, ekugqibeleni waphuncuka kwizikhundla ephangweni empumalanga. Njengokutyhoboza waphuphuma units yotshaba. Le uthotho wamsongela anqunyulwe endleleni, oko yeyona ndlela kuphela Mukden.

imikhosi ezimbini Russian baba kwibhoyila. Ukuba atyhudise inyoba elimxinwa wahlala. Kokurhoxa kwaqala ngobusuku-9 ukuya kwi-10 Matshi. Kumacala omabini amajoni bavele utshaba zokudubula. Ke ngomhla 10 Japanese ngendleko ilahleko enkulu ahlala ngokupheleleyo Mukden. Ngokutsho memoirs Antona Denikina, abo bathatha inxaxheba emfazweni, ekurhoxisweni Russian yaba isiqephu sokuqala kwemfazwe, xa wabona umkhosi yakhe izele uvalo disorganization.

iziphumo

Kuba mazwe omabini, imfazwe Mukden waba anegazi screwdriver inyama. uloyiso kuthathwe ngoko akukho namnye kuye kwaphunyezwa. Kuba Japanese, kwaba lilinge lokugqibela bakwazi ukuphumelela kwi edabini (kumhlaba). Njengoko uloyiso siqinisekile zange yenzeke, eli lizwe lijongene kwinzonzobila zemali kunye nezoqoqosho. Too izibonelelo ezininzi waphoswa kwi ukuzama. Akukho ngcono kunokuba kwakunjalo eRashiya.

zomkhosi Japanese baqala ukuba yenziwe iinkokheli zelizwe ukufumana isisombululo lezopolitiko eyayiza ukuphelisa ungquzulwano. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho olukhulu ukuze kuxhamle Russia kwaye ayizange yenzeke. Kungekudala ilandelwa ngu umva e Korea kunye kumntla China. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kwanikelwa ePort Arthur. I-Government of St. Petersburg nakala abatyhafileyo. Ngenxa yoko, imfazwe yaphela yonikezelo enkulu phezu yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Battle of Mukden, waba uphawu eqaqambileyo phulo. In Russian wababulala abantu 8000, i-Japanese - 15 amawaka.