Wabonwa: kuqamba. igesi yendalo kunye ezinxulumene

Oyile nerhasi - izinto ekrwada ibalulekileyo ehlabathini. Indawo ekhethekileyo kwishishini oyile negesi ithatha igesi ezinxulumeneyo. engasetyenziswanga ngaphambilana le resource. Kodwa ngoku sengqondo kule ezixabisekileyo imithombo yendalo itshintshile.

Yintoni yegesi enxulumene

Le igesi hydrocarbon apho iphume imithombo ye-oyile kunye nenye ngexesha ngokwahlukana kwayo. Kuyinto umxube macandelo ezizizembiwa and non-hydrocarbon vaporized of imvelaphi yendalo.

ubuninzi ioli ingahluka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya amawaka aliqela cubic metres kwi ton efanayo.

Ngokuboleka ezicacileyo zegesi ezinxulumene uthathwa eceleni of kwimveliso ye-oyile. Ngenxa yoko igama. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze imbutho igesi, ukuthuthwa nokwenziwa isixa esikhulu yale kobutyebi bendalo ilahlekile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi irhasi ezinxulumene wokushumayela nje.

ukwakheka igesi

igesi ezinxulumene ubunjwe methane kwaye usinda hydrocarbon - ..-methane, butane, propane, njl Ukwakhiwa igesi ezahlukeneyo oli zisenokuthi zahluke kancinane. Kwezinye iingingqi kwi igesi ezinxulumene iqulethe amalungu non-hydrocarbon - nitrogen, isalfure, ioksijini.

Watyhutyha a gas leyo umpompoza emva kokuba kuvulwe amadama yeoli, luphawulwa iigesi ezimbalwa hydrocarbon enzima. Okunye "heavy 'malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku le igesi eolini ngokwayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso kwamabala yeoli, njengokuba umthetho, a lot of gas ezinxulumene kuveliswe ezinomthamo eliphezulu methane. Xa ukusebenza iidiphozithi, la manani kancane, kunye namacandelo enzima ezenza inxalenye enkulu igesi.

gas petroleum Natural nazo: yintoni umahluko

gas ezinxulumene kuthelekiswa yendalo iqulethe methane encinane, kodwa isixa esikhulu homologues yayo, kuqukwa pentane kunye hexane. Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo - ukuhlanganiswa amacandelo zolwakhiwo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo apho igesi ezinxulumene iyaveliswa. Wabonwa ukwakheka unokude anokwahluka ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo kwintsimi enye. Thelekisa indibanisela ubungakanani amacandelo yerhasi yendalo isoloko rhoqo. Ngoko ke, wabonwa enokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kunye negesi yendalo isetyenziswa kuphela nje amandla izinto ekrwada.

Ukufumana wabonwa

igesi ezinxulumene efunyanwa ihlukane ioli. Ukulungiselela le njongo, khetshi multistage noxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, kwi Inqanaba lokuqala okuhlamba ndinyanzelwe ukususela nge-16 ukuya kwibha-30. Kuzo zonke izigaba ezilandelayo yengcinezelo ebegqwese lifinyele. Kule yokugqibela inyathelo parameter liye lancitshiswa 1.5-4 imveliso bar. Iqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo zigqitywa technology wabonwa ngokwahlukana.

Irhasi evela kwinqanaba lokuqala sithunyelwa ngqo isityalo processing igesi. kuphakama ubunzima obukhulu xa usebenzisa igesi kunye uxinzelelo ngezantsi 5 bar. Ekuqaleni oku ihlale wabonwa utshiswe ezithile, kodwa kutshanje zatshintsha inkqubo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa igesi. Urhulumente sele iqalile ukuphuhlisa inkuthazo ukuze kucuthwe ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, xa isalathisi kwinqanaba wabonwa yokutsha karhulumente oko olwalumiselwe kunyaka-2009, nekufuneka ukuba ngaphezu kwe-5% yamanqaku ewonke enxulumene igesi.

Ukusetyenziswa wabonwa kushishino

Ngaphambili, wabonwa kwaye kusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba itshiswe. Ngoku izazinzulu ukuqonda ixabiso le ubutyebi bemvelo ukukhangela iindlela ukulusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.

gas ezinxulumene kabani ukwakheka ngumxube propane, butane kunye hydrocarbon nzima, yinto exabisekileyo ekrwada eziphathekayo ukuze amandla kunye noshishino yemichiza. Wabonwa has value calorific. Ngenxa yoko, xa utshisa oko amkhulula 9 ukuya / amawaka 15 kcal cubic meter. Xa ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni lisusiwe. Qiniseka ukuba udinga ukucocwa.

Kushishino chemical i equlethwe igesi enxulumene methane kunye methane zenziwe zeeplastiki zerabha. components hydrocarbon usinda kusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada ekuveliseni ophezulu octane amafutha additive, hydrocarbon enuka kunye kwerhasi engamanzi.

ERashiya, ngaphezulu kwama-80% ye-akhawunti irhasi wavelisa ezinxulumene ukuba iinkampani ezintlanu ukuvelisa oyile negesi: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Holding", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, eli lizwe ngonyaka uvelisa ngaphezulu kwama-50 billion cubic metres yerhasi ezinxulumene, apho-26% iya erisayikilishiweyo, 47% isetyenziselwe iinjongo zoshishino, ize i-27% iya wokushumayela.

Kukho iimeko ezenza akusoloko ukusetyenziswa iindleko-olusebenzayo yerhasi petroleum enxulumene. Ukusetyenziswa kwale kobutyebi kusoloko kuxhomekeke kubungakanani entsimini. Ngoko ke, lo irhasi eziveliswa kwiinkalo ezincinane, kufuneka ingasetyenziswa ukunikeza umbane kubasebenzisi basekuhlaleni. Kwi-avareji iidipozithi ukuwutsala ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho irhasi yohlobo lwepetroliyam kwi kwisityalo processing igesi ungathengisi ngayo kushishino kwemichiza kulo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo amasimi amakhulu yi ukuveliswa kombane amandla aphezulu kunye kwintengiso elandelayo.

Ukonakala evela wabonwa omlilo

Gas lokudlabhuka zingcolise okusingqongileyo. Ehlabathini isiphumo nelangatye ukuthotywa thermal, leyo wabetha emhlabeni kumgama oziimitha 10-25 nezihluma kuluhlu 50-150 eemitha. Kwinkqubo yokutsha eyele umoya nitrogen kunye carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, kunye hydrocarbon isigodo. Izazinzulu ziye Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngenxa lokudlabhuka betekisi malunga 0.5 million eetoni ngonyaka ka carbon abamnyama nganye.

Kwakhona, iimveliso ukutshiswa gesi ziyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu. Ngokutsho manani, xa wokucokisa eziphambili Russia mmandla - ummandla Tyumen - okugula ngenxa izifo ezininzi ngaphezu avareji lonke ilizwe. Kaninzi abantu kummandla ubunzima ukusuka ezimbi zemiphunga. Kukho liyanda inani yamathumba, ukuphazamiseka amalungu ingqiqo kunye nenkqubo luvo.

Ngaphezu koko, wabonwa iimveliso yokutsha kubangela ezimbi leyo kuzibonakalisa kuphela emva kwexesha elithile. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• nenzalo;
• ukuphuphuma;
• izifo zofuzo;
• okukwazi elibuthathaka;
• izifo oncological.

ubuchwepheshe Ukusetyenziswa wabonwa

Ingxaki ephambili ri igesi luxinzelelo aphezulu hydrocarbon enzima. Kushishino oyile negesi yanamhlanje isebenzisa eziliqela ubugcisa ngempumelelo, nezinika ithuba lokuphucula umgangatho igesi ngokususwa hydrocarbon enzima:

1. division Gas fractioning.
2. technology Adsorption.
3. Elisezantsi lobushushu-ngokwahlukana.
4. technology ndizayo.

ukusetyenziswa indlela gas ezinxulumene

Kukho iindlela ezininzi, kodwa, xa kusenziwa, yasebenzisa nje ezimbalwa. The basic Indlela - wabonwa sisindiswe ukwahlukana zibe kumacandelo. Le nkqubo ku ri kuvelisa igesi ezomileyo, nto leyo eyinxalenye iyafana igesi yendalo kunye ulwelo negesi yendalo (ngl). Lo mxube zingasetyenziswa njenge ekrwada ukuba petrochemistry eziphathekayo.

Ukwahlulwa igesi lwenzeka kwi ephantsi izicwangciso lobushushu yokufunxa kunye amafu. Emva kokugqitywa igesi owomileyo ihanjiswa yi yombhobho, yaye wathumela ngl izicokisi kuqhubekeko oluphambili.

Indlela yesibini esebenzayo wabonwa - inkqubo ngebhayisekile. Le ndlela iquka injecting igesi kulo ichibi umfutho. Le isisombululo ivumela ukwandisa umthamo ekuphulukenwe oyile ukuyilwa.

Ukongeza, irhasi ezinxulumene ukuze isetyenziswe ukwenza umbane. Oku kuya kuvumela iinkampani oyile ukusindisa kakhulu imali, njengoko kupheliswe imfuneko yokuthenga umbane evela ngaphandle.