Willis Tower - uphawu of America

Ilizwe ngalinye lineCandelo ezinika zawo. Enye iisimboli ezininzi United States of America nguye Willis Tower e Chicago.

Ukwakhiwa yokwakha eziphakamileyo

Gqira kwinkulungwane yama-20 eUnited States eyaziwa ngokuba yi "isakhiwo indumezulu" xa izakhiwo ezinemigangatho kwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza. Developers elinye lamaziko zoshishino Chicago baye bagqiba ekubeni Ukuxhamla 5000 square metres. m (indawo elingana emzileni ezisibhozo-umendo). Ngoko ke ingcamango yakhe yokwakha amafu wazalwa. Msebenzi wathatha nje kancinane kwiminyaka emibini, nasenqabeni sagqitywa ngowe-1973. Loo izinga eliphezulu zokwakha ngenxa yenani elikhulu labasebenzi (malunga namawaka amabini) kunye nenkxaso eqhubekayo (ixabiso lokugqibela isakhiwo uthelekelelwa $ 150 million).

Iimpawu design

Bryus Grem (main isakhiwo umyili) kunye Fazlur Khan (Usonjineli eliyiNtloko) njengoko izinto reference steel kusetyenziselwa ukwakha unako ukumelana watshisa izitha yimimoya enamandla Chicago. Ecaleni lokubiyela ukuya ku-50 zisuke izakhiwo ezisithoba ezinxulumene intsimbi, ngaphezu 66 imigangatho esixhenxe, emva koko imigangatho 90 - ezintlanu, yaye imigangatho ezimbini zokugqibela exhaswa imiqadi zentsimbi. Ukunciphisa Ufakelo zokuzifaka ngenxa kuyilo ekhethekileyo isakhiwo, leyo ayebekwa phezulu. Abayili walungiselela ukwakhiwa yokwakha e kwimeko umnqweno kunye nemfuneko. Ukuze ukomeleza ziimfumba phantsi inqaba, leyo iziqwenga 114, babulawa ngengingqi onamatye ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha 13.

inkcazelo egcwele iphepha

Willis Tower imele isakhiwo, indawo ofisi apho 418 amawaka square. metres. Amafu uba ukuphakama imigangatho 110. Ukuphakama Willis Tower - 443 leemitha. Ubunzima kwinqaba uthelekelelwa amabini, anamanci mabini anababini nesiqingatha kweetoni eziliwaka. Kuba kwekhulu ikota, nasenqabeni yayigqalwa kakhulu phezulu nje kuphela US kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Okwangoku, Willis iphakathi amafu ezintlanu liphezulu ehlabathini, emva Malaysian Petrones Twins Tower, Shanghai Financial Center, Taipei 101, yaye, ke, i-Burj Khalifa.

Steel kwi Willis Tower, ifoto lwazo sabona kwinqaku bejamelene aluminium steel inqaba black window, kwaye kukho malunga-16 amawaka, kunye lenses ezimnyama. Ngoko ke, lo isakhiwo zobungangamela umbala omnyama lula xa usithelekisa nezinye uyakwazi ukubona ezinde kunye kude ngaphandle komzi.

Willis Tower: Ucinga

abahlali Chicago bayazingca bobukho zawo ekwakheni emide esi sixeko eUnited States. Abakhenkethi kuquka utyelelo kumgangatho mkhanya, ibekwe kwi 103 kumgangatho-egcwele iphepha in kuluhlu enyanzelekileyo. Walibiza Skydeck. ngonyaka ngamnye eze apha kwesiqingatha sesigidi abakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke. Umlinganiselo iinqaba zokuhamba isikolo mihla le - 25 amawaka abantu. Xa ukubukela iqonga iqhuba bekwilift ezimbini-high speed, nalapho umzuzu omnye wawuvula ngabakhenkethi yaphantsi wesithathu ezilikhulu.

Iimvakalelo ezivela indawo eqongeni ukubukela, abatyeleli ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngenxa kuvuselelwa bavele balcony ezine, ndingu sisi kujikelezo iyonke sakhiwo. Yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo ngeglasi, kuquka emgangathweni, ukuze ukuba abakhenkethi kufuneka ithuba kumnyumbaza amaphaphu.

Ifunyanwa kwintaba ephakame 412 ubude ukusuka emhlabeni, uyakwazi ukubona zonke i lwalunjani eChicago kunye neempawu aloo mzi. Ukubona kakuhle ukusuka kumgangatho mkhanya Skydeck ngokulula ukubona indawo kumgama owela ngaphakathi kwama-80 km.

Xa oku kubonwa Illinois kuphela, apho sibekwe Chicago, kodwa asebumelwaneni: Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana.

Ukusebenzisa isakhiwo

Eyona njongo ephambili yale amafu na ukubekwa ofisi kunye namaziko oshishino. Kuba lula zonke iindwendwe kwisakhiwo esebenza 16 bekwilift kabini-emngangathweni bayiphakami- abo banqwenela ukuba imigangatho "kulindelekileyo."

Willis Tower ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisixeko losasazo. Ngo-2000 wasungula ezine heavy-umsebenzi-eriyali ukuya kwiimitha ezili-9 ubude eluphahleni bayo. Zinika imiqondiso dollar zonke multi-million eChicago. Kwakhona edlala zoqhanqalazo umbane ngethuba kukho isiphango: Ngokwezibalo oku malunga amaxesha amabini ngemini.

ulwazi olunomdla

Ubukhulu ukuphakama Willis Tower ukutsala ingqalelo abalandeli imidlalo eyingozi, kubandakanywa climbers intaba. Okokuqala inqaba oyisa Den Gudvin, ngubani enxiba Spiderman laya kuma encotsheni amafu usebenzisa ngo-1981 izixhobo wasezintabeni. Ngaphandle izixhobo tower beat Alain uRobert ngo-1999.

Willis Tower ngamanye amaxesha indawo bhanya neemuvi kunye neenkqubo. Amafu kunokubonwa isahlulo sesithathu "ezihambisa" kwi documentary "Ubomi Emva Abantu".

Ummandla kwenqaba noko iphezulu nje, ukuba yayinokubhekisela zebhola 57.

Ukucoca iifestile neendonga wesakhiwo ukusuka kwicala ngaphambili izikhululo zokucoca enikiweyo ibekwe phezu kwendlu. Bona iphepha ehlambulukileyo kanye ngenyanga enesiqingatha.

Willis Tower e Chicago inani ezinika

Abahambi efikile kuloo mzi, funani ngokuyintloko ukutyelela iindawo ezininzi idumileyo. Chicago yi Millennium Park Lake Michigan kunye sculpture kawonke Cloud Gate. World owaziwayo Chicago Magnificent Mile - ezivenkileni yokubutha kwamadoda ubukhulu kwi Michigan Avenue. Esi sixeko indala ibala US for baseball imidlalo "Wrigley Field". Natural History Museum kunye kwamathambo Dinosaurs, iingonyama wafaka of Tsavo kunye iindlovu ezinkulu baseAfrika e Chicago.

Willis Tower (idilesi: umzi ka-eChicago, isitalato South Wacker Drive, 233) ithatha inxaxheba kwiqela ezinika komzi endaweni befanelekile. Abakhenkethi nakanjani ukuya kwenqaba, beme emgceni lokonwabela ubuhle kunye nobukhulu yesixeko Lake Michigan ngombono Iintaka-liso. Willis Tower luphawu Melika - ezinde eli lizwe.