Yabemi Feodosiya. Economy, ulawulo, indawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi nolonwabo Feodosia

Kuba abantu abaninzi ixesha ehlotyeni ke ikhefu eyiyo kwi Feodosia. Esi sixeko elimangalisayo iCrimea kunxweme Sea Black iye bhile amakhulu amawaka abakhenkethi qho abakhenkethi nyaka kulo. Yintoni esinyanzelisayo unjalo Theodosia? Inkcazelo yendawo, imbali sixeko, abantu balo, izibonelelo, iimeko zolonwabo kunye neminye imiba enxulumene nale Resort kwaye ziya kuba phantsi kwalo kwakhona.

Indawo esikuyo Feodosia

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuchaza yabemi Feodosiya kunye nezinye iinkalo zobomi esixekweni, makhe sijonge ibekwe apho.

isixeko Feodosia akhiwe inxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma we-siqithi iCrimea kunxweme loLwandle Black, kummandla ka Feodosia Bay. Kubhaliwe ephakathi nje Kerch Peninsula kunye South Coast of eCrimea, njengokuba uhlobo unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo. Inxalenye esempuma lali kubekwe phezu eselunxwemeni lolwandle kunye lwasentshonalanga - on xitsunga eqhutywa Tepe-OBA ezintabeni iCrimea.

Imozulu e Feodosii ngcathu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha wabonakalaliswa imiqondiso asabutropikhi, ngenxa kufutshane kwizowuni zemozulu elinikiweyo.

isimo ngokomthetho

Isimo ngokomthetho umzi, kwakunye nazo zonke eCrimea iye mixed. Ngokutsho komthetho Russian (yaye, enyanisweni), idolophu yinxalenye kwisithili ezisezidolophini uTheodosius, owathi yena, iyinxenye Republic of eCrimea. Emzantsi-ntshona le yunithi lwezolawulo erhangqwe yi-Sudak kwisithili esixekweni, entla - kunye kwisithili laseKirov, kumntla-mpuma - kunye uLenin. South engasezantsi, nakwintshonalanga engasentla uhlanjiweyo yi-Sea Black. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kwisithili ezidolophini iquka iidolophu ezininzi, nemizana, elo likhulu ezo dolophu kunye lolwandle Koktebel.

Ngelo xesha, ngokomthetho Ukrainian, Feodosiya ungowommandla isixeko ibhunga igama elifanayo, inxalenye Ukuzilawula Republic of eCrimea, kwaye idibana ngokupheleleyo kunye nemida wesithili ezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, i-de facto Ukraine akanayo ulawulo phezu kwezi mimandla, kangangokuba benza umthetho Russian ngokupheleleyo.

History of the dolophu

UTheodosius unembali ende kakhulu. Le yenye zokuhlala ezindala yabantu eCrimea, naseRussia njengohlobo yonke. Abemi yokuqala Feodosia - nto kwanamaGrike. Loo bezithanga yamaGrike ukusuka eMileto kwi BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. Afumana idolophu. Igama yayisenza amaGrike ngokusekelwe lazo, iguqulelwe kwi ulwimi isiGrike njenge "kuThixo." Le IV BC. e. UTheodosius Kwanyanzeleka ukuba angenise kurhulumente zinamandla ZesiGrike eCrimea - ubukumkani Bosporus, leyo ngokwayo ekugqibeleni wavuma uxhomekeko uBukhosi baseRoma.

Kwinkulungwane IV BC kwisixeko sele ngokuxhomekeke intshabalalo ingxokolo Huns. Le nkundla into eseleyo kuwo, bahlala Alans, ebiza kulendawo Ardabda. I waseRoma ngeli xesha ukwazi ukwenza ulawulo Feodosia kuphela emva kokuba ukuguquka Byzantium, ngenkulungwane V. Nangona kunjalo, le dolophu kwaye ngoko ixesha elithile kuye ocande ezandleni Khazar Khanate, kodwa ekugqibeleni wabuyela kulongamo yoBukhosi baseByzantium. Noko ke, ukuba ixabiso ubungakanani kumaxesha amandulo Theodosia ukuba kude kwelo xesha, yaye, enyanisweni, iye waphila kwilali ezincinane.

Kwinkulungwane XIII uTheodosius zalawula zolotaya Orda, abathengisa abarhwebi kwilali evela Genoa, asindise phezu kwakhe suzerainty ephakeme. Ukususela ngoko mzi waba inqaba ngamaRoma, i enkampini Maritime Republic. Ngoku waziwa Kaffa. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo isixeko ukhe awafumana inkqubela ezifana kwi ngamaRoma. Kulapha wabaleka ukuthatha indawo ingqumbo ka Temnik Mamay iGolden Khan Tokhtamysh, emva woyisa nguDmitry Donskoy kwi intsimi Kulikovo. Yabemi Kaffa ngexesha ngaphaya abantu 70 000, yaye emva koko yaba ezinkulu kuno eConstantinople. Uninzi abahlali Armenia. Le cafe kwavulwa isebe ngaseludinini Genoa, waba yemiboniso.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1475, ngama khutshelwa ngaphandle kwe Kafa ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa Ottoman. Ngoku liye laba isixeko Turkish. Nangona ukuya emantla nto ibekwe ingumbuso phantsi kwe umbusi Ottoman - i iCrimea Khan, kodwa Kapha kwi Khanate zange ibandakanyiwe, kwaye siyinxalenye ngqo bukhosi. Kweli xesha Ottoman Kafa iye yaba yenye iingongoma eziphambili wekhoboka, imarike ikhoboka lalikhona apha. Kweli xesha Turkish nayo yaphuhliswa imigodi yetyuwa kufuphi. Ukongeza, njengoko kwakunjalo ngamaRoma, kwakukho izibuko enkulu. ke uTheodosius ekucaca ukuba ukuhlaselwa zamihla le Zaporozhye Cossacks, umzekelo, ngo-1616. Ekuhambeni kulo hambo kwakhona wakhululwa amabanjwa amaninzi.

Ngowe-1771, ebudeni rhoqo imfazwe Russian-Turkish, Kafa yathinjwa amabutho Russian. Emva kokuba Kuchuk-Kaynadzhiyskogo uxolo ngesivumelwano kule dolophu ekugqibeleni yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ukususela ngo 1787, waba ngomnye zokuhlala ndawo Taurian. Ukususela ngo 1796, emva kokuba utshintsho lolawulo, Kafa yaqukwa kwiphondo Novorossiysk. Ngowe-1798 it wafumana iwonga izibuko simahla kangangeminyaka engama-30. Emva eminye iminyaka emithandathu cafes wabuyela igama layo zembali - Feodosia.

Esi sixeko ezityelelwe abantu abaninzi abadumileyo. Oku awayechithe ubomi bakhe, wasebenza waza wafa ngumzobi odumileyo Ivan Aivazovsky. Kananjalo Feodosia wayetyelele umbhali Russian Anton Pavlovich Chehov.

Emva kokuba revolution 1917, eCrimea, yaye ngokukodwa uTheodosius waba ligwiba yokugqibela White Army ikhokelwa yi Wrangel. Emva kokuba umsebenzi esi sixeko ngo-1920 yi-iiBolsheviks apha, iliza ngokunxunguphala ebomvu. labemi Feodosiya e kakhulu lincitshiswe ngeli xesha. City, kwakunye iphela eCrimea yaqukwa kwi RSFSR.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Omkhulu uTheodosius izimpi. Ekugqibeleni, yena wakhutshwa yi-Red Army ngo-Apreli 1944.

Ngowe-1954, njengabanye lommandla iCrimea, uTheodosius yaba yinxalenye Ukrainian SSR. Emva Ukraine yafumana inkululeko ngo-1991, esi sixeko wahlala yinxalenye yale karhulumente, kuqala njengenxalenye iCrimea Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic, ngoko ke Republic of eCrimea, kwaye ngoko ke Ukuzilawula Republic of eCrimea.

Ngo-2014, ngo-zimvo, uTheodosius, kwakunye yonke eCrimea iye ehlonyelwe Russian Federation. Okwangoku, esi sixeko iyunithi yolawulo Republic of eCrimea, eyinxenye ye-Russian Federation waMalungelo i Federation.

abemi abaninzi beso sixeko

Lixesha ukufumana phandle indlela abantu abaninzi phezulu yabemi Feodosiya. Okwangoku, kukho ubomi iwaka 68.6. Abahlali. Lelona elikhulu yesihlanu phakathi yonke imizi eCrimea ngaphandle Sevastopol. Hayi, kudala kangaka uTheodosius wathabatha kwindawo yesine kwesi salathisi, kodwa sele iGavdos Yalta.

Ubuninzi babantu esixekweni ungabantu 1621,2 / macala onke. M. km. Thelekisa le ukwanda kwabantu Simferopol ungabantu 3132,5 / macala onke. M. km, Kerch -. abantu 1379 / macala km. km, e Yalta -. abantu 4310,1 / macala km. km.

Le Dynamics labantu

Ngoku makhe sifunde ukutshintsha indlela amashumi eminyaka ahambelane uTheodosius. Inani labantu kulo mzi sijonga emane iminyaka ngamnye ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo yembali yakutshanje komzi.

Makhe siqale ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngowe-1897, inani kubahlali Feodosia yaba 24.1 lamawaka. INH. Emva kokuba revolution, inani bawa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1923 abemi abaninzi beso sixeko nje 22.7 amawaka. INH. Kodwa ngowe-1926, abemi eyonyukileyo kunye bafikelela amawaka 27.3. Abantu. Inani elikhulayo abahlali Feodosia waqhubeka kule minyaka ilandelayo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1939, inani lokuphila lifikelele kwinqanaba 45,0 amawaka. INH., Yaye ngowe-1979 kwinqanaba ka-76,4 amawaka. INH. Bobude yafikelelwa emva ekuweni yiSoviet Union ngowe-1992. Ke Theodosia wahlala 86,4 amawaka. INH. Ngaphambi emva kokuba iqela elikhulu labantu lomzi.

Ngaphezu koko, inani abahlali baqala ukwehla kwabantu Feodosia. Ngoko ke, ngo-1998 inani labantu yesixeko azezi kwinqanaba amawaka-80.9. Abantu. Ngo-2008 sele 71.2 amawaka nto. Abantu. A ukunyuka okungephi kwenani labahlali kwaqondakala kuphela ngo-2015, xa inani abahlali landa ukusuka 69,0 thous. INH. (2014) ukuya 69,1 thous. INH. Kodwa ke ngo-2016 i-ukuhla yezibalo kwaqhubeka. Inani labemi lehla laya 68.6 thous. INH.

Ngenxa yoko, ukususela 1992 ukuya 2016 unciphiso iyonke abemi besixeko Feodosia lizizigidi 17.8. Abantu.

kuqamba yobuhlanga

Ngoku cinga ukwakheka yobuhlanga abantu abahlala kwisixeko Feodosia.

Ngokutsho kubalo ka-2014, ubuninzi yenza Russian. isabelo sawo phakathi kwabo bonke abemi mzi 79,4%. Kwindawo yesibini kunye ukuqhwalela zibalulekileyo Ukraine - 11.4%. Kulandelwe Belorusy iCrimea Tatar - 1%.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngexesha zobalo-2001, xa uTheodosius wayengekabi Ukrainian, inani Russian lilincinane, kwaye Ukraine iCrimea AmaTatar - olukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, inani laba 72,2% Russian, Ukrainian - 18.8%, kunye iCrimea Tatar - 4.6%. Belarusians kwakhona ezazithe eliphezulu - 1.8%. Nangona kunjalo, le meko kakhulu kulindeleke. In Feodosia Abantu abaninzi imvelaphi mixed yobuhlanga, ngoko inxenye kubo ngethuba ubalo abazibiza ngokuba nesizwe titular.

Kananjalo Feodosia ubomi AmaTatar, Armenia, Azeri, amaGrike, Moldovans, Georgians kunye nezinye izizwe. Kodwa ke inani labameli nganye kuzo ayidluli-1% yabemi bebonke kweso sixeko.

unqulo

E Feodosiya kukho amahlelo ezininzi zonqulo, kodwa inkoliso amakholwa abathi bangamaKristu Orthodox.

Tatar noluntu, kwakunye uninzi iintlanga ezifana nangezinto Azerbaijani ngamaSilamsi.

Ukongeza, kukho yamaKatolika uluntu Feodosia kunye zamaKristu noluntu ngemiba eyahlukeneyo bamaProtestanti.

ulawulo yolawulo komzi

Iqumrhu elawula isixeko City Council Feodosia ubunjwe 28, kunyulwa qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Okwangoku, usihlalo weBhunga City uSvetlana yi Gevchuk.

Ulawulo umzimba Feodosii olawulayo. Intloko Ibhunga wesixeko amisiweyo labaviwa abapase ukhetho kukhuphiswano lwakhe. Okwangoku, intloko yolawulo isixeko - Krysin eliyi.

Feodosiya Ulawulo sakhiwa ezininzi kumasebe profile. Ngamnye kubo lijongene kwimimandla ngamnye zomsebenzi. kufuneka yabelwe phakathi kumasebe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Isebe of Youth and Sports, iSebe of Economics, iSebe lezabaSebenzi kunye woKhuseleko loLuntu Population. UTheodosius kuxhomekeke kakhulu umgangatho womsebenzi wolawulo lwesixeko eso.

uqoqosho lwesixeko

Feodosia kuqoqosho imi phezu kweentsika ezimbini: ukhenketho kunye nothutho emanzini.

Typology iiholide emzini libhekisela klimatobalneologicheskim iiholide. ELwandle e Feodosiya elithethe kakhulu kwaye enobubele, kodwa ngaphandle kwakhe isixeko ukunika abakhenkethi imithombo zempilo-abuyisele emangalisayo. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga kwikhefu Feodosia siza kuxubusha kwindawo eyahlukileyo.

Kodwa ngeniso lwabiwo yedolophu iingeniso yerhafu imisebenzi port. Oku lokuthumela ubukhulu becala nokubumba uqoqosho sixeko.

Noko ke, ukhenketho kunye nokuthuthwa, nangona esisiseko, kodwa hayi imisebenzi kuphela Feodosia. Kwakhona edolophini yenziwe kakuhle kakhulu urhwebo. Le yenye yezinto ukuba sibe nebhongo of uTheodosius. Amaxabiso for ukutya izinto, Noko ke, njengoko na idolophu okwetyeli, xa ukuphakama lonyaka kukho eqolo.

Kukho kumashishini Feodosia nelezemveliso. Marine Engineering ukusebenza apha, enombala, juice, imizi-mveliso yewayini, kwakunye izixhobo zokwakha izityalo. Kodwa emva kokuwa eSoviet Union, amandla emveliso ezi nkampani liye lehla kakhulu.

Umsebenzi Feodosia

Njengoko lo mzi okwetyeli, umsebenzi apha ngamaxesha athile. Kakade ke, apha kukho kwakhona iinkampani ukuba usebenze unyaka wonke, - .. kwifektri, port, njalo-njalo, kodwa ke ubuninzi bexesha imisebenzi elide ukuba kuhlalwe, ingeniso kubasebenzi abambalwa kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka beme 'emgceni "elide ukuya kwindawo enjalo. Ingakumbi umsebenzi ophambili kwi zibuko, njengoko abasebenzi kukho imivuzo eliphezulu.

Kodwa ngexesha leeholide ngaphezu umsebenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba zombini balapha kunye nabatyeleli. Summer umsebenzi kwi Feodosia imelwe becala lezithuba kule ndawo yokurhweba, ngokunjalo izindululo somsebenzi ezahlukeneyo kwamaziko Spa: izindlu zamabhoda, amaziko zolonwabo, iinkampu zabantwana.

Ububanzi abanye

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, abanye e Feodosia - enye mithombo iphambili yengeniso kuba nasemzini wakhe kunye nabantu bayo. Ngomhla kummandla wesithili ezidolophini bahambisa isixa esikhulu zamaziko zococeko-ze-Spa. Phakathi kwabo, awona abalulekileyo ezi zilandelayo: "Theodosia", "Sunrise", "Ukraine", kwisibhedlele zabantwana "Wave", "Golden Beach". Xa ngalinye kula maziko, abakhenkethi ukuba kuphela luphumlo elungileyo aze achithe ixesha, kodwa ukuphucula impilo yakho. Xa unyango kunye nokukhuselwa kwezifo kwi sanatoriums isicelo udaka kunye nonyango bezimbiwa. Ncedo uTheodosius engqongwe imithombo kwezimbiwa eziliqela, yaye kukho imali ebekiweyo yodaka kuliyeza.

Kodwa abakhenkethi ezininzi ukhetha ukuhlala kwiihotele ezincinane, okanye ukuqeshisa indlu okanye indlu kwicandelo labucala. Oku akuthethi noko ngenxa ngamaxabiso aphantsi xa ukuqesha indawo yokuhlala kubantu babucala. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, umbuzo ngulo: apho ukuba aqeshe indlu Feodosia? Le nto ke iya kuthetha ngakumbi.

irenti yokuhlala

Fumana yokuhlala e Feodosia ngexesha leeholide - ingxaki enkulu ngokwenene. Ngaphandle ukuba zonke izindlu kunye nezindlu, abanikazi bazibambe kuphumla, ukuze kucocwe, ngoko nkqu xesha ixabiso ngokuqasha ipropati ziluma kabuhlungu. Ngoko ke kubhetele ukuthatha impahla esixekweni, yaye kwiindawo ezifakwe kwi kumgca kwisithili isixeko Feodosia, ezizezi: Coastal, kunye Primorye Koktebel.

Ukuba usemtsha ngokwaneleyo na ukuba kunzima ukuhamba kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka elwandle, kuba ukususwa lwezindlu kungcono ukukhetha ezo ezitalatweni zezithili Feodosia needolophana, ezithi zibekwe kwindawo umgama ukusuka elunxwemeni. Ngale ndlela uya kubabulala iintaka eziliqela kunye ngelitye elinye. Okokuqala, kude elwandle ukufumana ngokugcina kulula kakhulu esitratweni wonxweme, yaye okwesibini, ixabiso ngokuqasha apha ngezantsi, yaye okwesithathu, mihla uya kusuka kwindlu elwandle nempembelelo entle impilo emzimbeni jikelele.

iimpawu Jikelele Feodosia

Feodosiya - esinye sezixeko endala nje kuphela eCrimea okanye eRashiya, kodwa Europe xa iyonke. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ezininzi ngembali yawo isixeko kubekho ukuhla kweentyatyambo kwaye: kwaba kwelinye lamaziko ezinkulu enkcubeko kunye nezorhwebo, wehla ubume bayo baya phantse kwinqanaba elalini. amahla ndinyuka uTheodosius Loo amatyeli amaninzi ngexesha ikho.

Ngoku uTheodosius yenye ahambele phambili iidolophu iiholide of eCrimea. Kodwa ngaphandle kushishino babakhenkethi apha yenziwe kakuhle kakhulu urhwebo lwaselwandle. Feodosia port yenye kunawo ekusingasiqithi iCrimea.

Ukuba ugqiba ukuchitha iholide yakho eCrimea, ukhetho engcono kungaba ukuphuma nje Feodosia. Apha amanani asezantsi kakhulu kunokuba phezu iiholide South Coast ezifana Yalta, kodwa uluhlu lweenkonzo kunye ngobumnandi ufumana phantse efanayo.

Emva kokuba nokudliwa eCrimea ukuya Russian Federation ngurhulumente Russian uthembisa ukukhuthaza ngokubanzi le yotshintsho izibonelelo mmandla banikwe, kwakunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino yokhenketho. UTheodosius, njengoko inxalenye ngqo eCrimea, ngokuqinisekileyo ukubala kwi inaliti ye investment kunye nezinye iidolophu yokuphumla kule ngingqi. Ngoko ke Ndiyathemba ukuba ekugqibeleni eli yokuhlala iya kuba sihle ngakumbi nomtsalane kubakhenkethi.