Yehlisa Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve of Architecture Wooden kunye Folk Art. History nokuchaza

Ukudalwa entsha akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuthembela ngamava kwizizukulwana elidlulileyo. Ukulondolozwa bezenkcubeko elilifa, amacandelo zayo eziphathekayo nangokomoya, eyona ndlela ukulondoloza bangoobani kazwelonke. Museums, ngokusekelwe lobuciko, ukwakha kunye nomoya uphethe indawo nembeko, esifubeni abatyeleli artlessness kunye nesakhono siziqonde.

Kwilali yase Lower Sinyachikha

ummandla Alapayevsky District Sverdlovsk ndahlala kweli kwindawo ahlala phezu imephu Russia, ukuba kwilali Lower Sinyachikha. Kuba amashumi eminyaka, kukho isebenza a ukwakhiwa museum ngomthi, nto leyo ebonisa akukho analogue ehlabathini. Kumhlaba kwilali ithathwa 1680, nto leyo isalathisi emnyango ukuya elalini.

izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye neyolawulo ibekwe ecaleni endleleni Irbit. Xa kwabakho imisebenzi yentsimbi, ebeyinalo indlu usomashishini Yakovlev. Namhlanje, endaweni lweshishini efakiweyo umqondiso yesikhumbuzo kwaye ugcine nokwakha izityalo balapha esiyibiza "White House 'endala. Lo asinguye na lesikhumbuzo kuphela izakhiwo, nto leyo eye malivakale Lower Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve of Architecture Wooden kunye Folk Art ogama emva I. D. Samoilov, equngquluzile emoyeni evulekileyo, oko uthanda kulo mmandla ukuhamba abakhenkethi.

Umsunguli le lolondolozo lwembali

Ngowe-1978, kwilali yase Lower Sinyachikha oko yayiququzelelwe ngokusesikweni myuziyam, kodwa ukuqokelela ukungakhuseleki kunye ukulwa yokulondoloza nokuqokelelwa umseki wayo Ivan Danilovich Samoilov baqalisa kudala ngaphambi kwalo mhla. Ekubeni wabuyela kwilali yakhe lweenkobe Isakov, Samoylov I. D. waqalisa ukufunda imbali yendawo yabo kunye ezimelene nemizana alapayevskogo. Working Land, wahamba enqumla phambene Mountains, apho ijongene rhoqo shwaka imbali.

Waba nomdla kwimbali lwasekuhlaleni, zakudala, ishishini nokubuyiselwa. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Amagugu ezisezantsi Sinyachikha" ebhala: "Ngoko, emva kwemfazwe, le ubuhle isagciniwe nangoku. Kwilali intwana ekude Ngaba uya kuza, kwathi endlwini, kunye ahnesh: engaqhelekanga ukuze ipeyintiweyo - ngesandla ngokwayo wolula chap isuswe emnyango. Okanye ubone ivili onke ubudala, tuesok ukuba ubuncinane kanye na museum Phathani. "

Waqalisa babutha ngqokelela, iincwadi eziquka eziprintiweyo, izinto zasekhaya, icons ngesandla abaculi, iinxalenye elipeyintiweyo izakhiwo ezindala, iisampulu ukwaluka nezimfakamfele. Indawo, ifanele ukubonisa lolondolozo lwembali akubanga nokonakala ilali yoTshintsho Church Lower Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve of Architecture Wooden lwenziwa kuphela eminyaka kubulelwe Siyithandile Ivan Danilovich.

Museum izulu livulekile

Ukubuyiselwa i Kumbi Church, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-18, yaqala ngo-1970. Le nkqubo kade, kwafuneka ukuba sithembele kuphela kwizibonelelo zalo, inkxaso evela kurhulumente zange, umsebenzi batwabulule phezu kweminyaka eli-10. Ngeli xesha, Samoilova wazalwa ingcamango yokukugcina izinto kuphela ngemihla, kodwa kwezakhiwo yonke ngamaplanga, leyo ufekethe utshabalalisa abantu kunye nexesha. Ngowe-1978 isakhiwo ibandla Ivan Danilovich ivula Folk Art Museum, lo mboniso kuba sisiseko yokuqokelela lobuqu Urals bapeyinte.

Ekubeni kwidolophana Lower Sinyachikha Reserve Museum of somthi ngezakhiwo kunye lobuciko iqulathe izakhiwo 25 eyenziwe kangangeenkulungwane ezahlukeneyo kwaye eqokelelwe kulo Urals. Kukho indlwana yesikhumba lweeplani leyo inokulandwa utshintsho ebomini umlimi, amabandla ezimbalwa enzelwe, umzekelo ebalaseleyo sobuciko eSiberia - yoTshintsho Church, amaqula, iwotshi station nenqaba ngumlilo, nendlu amasiko uMlawuli kunye nezinye zesikhumbuzo ezininzi. Ngokwembali izakhiwo yeplanga uqalela ukusuka 17 kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Uva umdla ukuqwalasela izakhiwo ezindala kunye nokuthelekisa ngazo izindlu, ngoku sinyachihintsy live. I Museum yinxalenye yale lali, zonke ezikhumbuzo zembali usolule phakathi lemizi yasefama le lali. Ngowe-1995, i-museum e Lower Sinyachikha ufumana iwonga federal yenjongosenzi kwimbali nenkcubeko lemveli, ukongeza, ngelo xesha lakalokunje ngayo phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO.

Customs iNkosi House

Customs House kanye wema phezu sibukela ye iphecana eSiberia kwindawo Tugulymskom kwilali (kummandla Sverdlovsk) Luchinkin. Kuya kuthatha ngowe-1986, hambo misa labafundi kunye ikhono Sverdlovsk Institute of Architecture. Emva denrohronologicheskogo Uhlalutyo kwacaca ukuba isakhiwo nesakhiwo indala Urals, yaye libhekisela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Xa oko kwazeka ixabiso yembali endlwini, sele ababekolo Tyumen usomashishini, owayenqwenela sisiqhube ukulungiswa kwaye baziqhelanise neemfuno zale mihla. Indlu yatshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso iinkuni wayithengayo kumnini Samoilov imihombiso, wajika balusters iifestile ngesandla, emngangathweni kunye nezinye iindawo eso sakhiwo.

Lokuphinda phezu abaseleyo bokwakha imizobo, imilinganiselo kunye neenkcukacha sagqiba i bazisa kwilali Lower Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve of Architecture Wooden uyazingca lobume ekhethekileyo. Indlu yi ezinemigangatho emibini Ilog ikhabhathi shestistenny. Ngokwesithethe Russian ezinjalo izakhiwo ekuthiwa zokuhlala. Restoration kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha ayikenziwa ugqibile endlwini, kodwa ukubonakala isakhiwo ngokupheleleyo ekwafanekisa le yokuqala.

iifama woKhanketho

Qokelela izindlu ubudala oqingqiweyo ka zaphawula ezahlukeneyo - kwakungelula, zaphantse watshabalala ngengqibelelo. Ngoko ke, ezinye kooronta farmhouses exposure ndawonye ukusuka kwimimandla ezininzi ezahlukeneyo Urals kwaye ibekwe kwilali Lower Sinyachikha. Museum-Reserve of Architecture Wooden kwi yokugcina a Manor we-17, 18 neyama-19.

Indlu endala Manor kwenkulungwane ye-17, zaqokelelwa phantse log. Isiseko yagqitywa loo ndlu kwidolophana yaseTabhore, kwafika isilingi evela kwilali Cheremisina pediment wahlala endlwini ka kuloo lali Nikonov, kwafika abathile logs evela kwilali amatheku. Manor iquka ukwakhiwa i barn endala. I elingaphakathi recreates ubomi abalimi kwenkulungwane ye-17. Kwintendelezo abuyiselwe kakuhle "pie", amaqula ngomthi kwi yimyuziyam emifanekisweni eziliqela zembali, na isenzo. Eyadini emuva oqingqiweyo kumgangatho oqingqiweyo ka lali Gryaznukha obumiselwe lokondla imfuyo. iinkuni Age sinendawo uneminyaka 234. Kukho kwakhona yokugquma, yokutshayelwa ezintathu kuphela isiqingatha-logs ukuba amakhulu eminyaka ubudala, yeziswa myuziyam evela kwilali yokuhlaliswa yamandulo.

House Estate yamahlwempu kwenkulungwane ye-18 iquka indlu yokuhlala, savela elalini Vogulka kunye izakhiwo. Old barn complex kuvela kwilali Kulig. KaZuma ihlelwe umboniso izinto zekhaya, izixhobo abalimi.

Xa cottage ngenkulungwane ye-19 ihonjiswe kunye imikrolo, imizobo, waba ingaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo. Isampuli izakhiwo zezindlu yamaplanga weza myuziyam-reserve ukusuka kwidolophana Kamelskoy. A ezinemigangatho emibini barn endala ikwagqibezela lomculo indlu lali phambene, weza evela kwilali laseKirov. Ngaphakathi endlwini - "igumbi emhlophe", ayiqabe iindonga zegumbi lisukela emva 1897.

imithombo yeplanga

Ukongeza kakuhle "pie", kumbindi ye ebekelwe bucala wenza kakuhle kutshanje ivili lamaplanga. Ukwanda amanzi lwaqhutywa yi kokutshintsha amavili, i-chain okanye intambo kwelinye icala ebethelelwe irola ngomthi, emele nto zibambene nayo ekupheleni icala chain. Sondo lijikeleza, nomxokelelwane into inxeba phezu irola, yaye ngendlela ethe ngqo onjalo wavuka i-emele ezele ngamanzi. nizhnesinyachihinsky yena kakuhle, kwaye ivili nayo elalini Savino. Omnye umthombo myuziyam elithi Danilych, imbeko ngunozala sesichengeni.

indlu yenkonzo

Ngomhla kummandla myuziyam-reserve eziqokelelwe Izindlwana ezintlanu yeplanga:

• Spassky. isakhiwo wazifela wakhululwa kwilali Iiyurt, ixesha elide zezikhali agcinwe Ekaterinburg imyuziyam. Ukususela ngo-2001, baqokelela indlwana encinane, isampuli izakhiwo ngenkulungwane ye-19, ise-Lower Sinyachikha.
• Ascension. Ukuthandana ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwafunyaniswa kule lali Karpova. Oku ahluka ukusuka ezinye yobumhlophe olungaphambili: cap emhlophe, eqaqambileyo blue kophahla olugobileyo, udonga emdaka. Ngaphakathi umboniso abenza H. wengingqi D. Chuprakova.
• Sabbatius ne Zosima. Ekuqaleni ukusuka elalini ngoku-nongasebenziyo Koksharova. Le myuziyam ngo-1981. Igumbi zindlu umboniso sungula ku iinkuni mifanekiso. Kwakhona kubonisa ubeko webandla Cross oyiNgcwele, kanye bema Kyrtomskom monastery. Yena waba bokwakha ekhethekileyo: isahluko 11, izityebi nangokukrola, wazigquma iigalari zawadlela. Church balungiselela ukufuduka, kodwa kukho umlilo, waza wayitshabalalisa.
• UEliya nomprofeti lowo. Ibekwe kummandla emadlakeni lali. Namhlanje i sakhiwo umfanekiso kanye wema phezu kwisayithi enye zetempile.
• Aleksandra Nevskogo. Phambi kokuya ku myuziyam ise lali Ostanina. Yena yabekwa phezu kwelitye ngaphezu echibini. Bemgama, ecaweni libe zifana gazebo. Ngeefestile ezihonjiswe imizobo Stavenko yokungena kunye nevaranda eqingqiweyo. Ngowe-2015, ngexesha kukugrumba phantsi Chapel wafumana engcwele esisityebi mandulo. Ukukhanya kufunxwa iiseramikhi, yotolo zobhedu nabaphantsi, iinaliti ukuze ukuthunga, izacholo kwakunye nokunye okuninzi.

Towers kunye nezinye izakhiwo

Ekusondeleni Museum-Reserve, ukongezelela engundoqo lubalaseleyo bobugcisa Kumbi Holy Church, abakhenkethi ingqalelo iinqaba eziliqela ngamaplanga. Omnye wabo - emboniselweni Aramashevskogo entolongweni - ngokutsha kubhazabhaza isakhiwo ngoyaba ukusuka kwidolophana Aramashevo. Ezi iinqaba zakhiwa kule 17-18 kwiinkulungwane th yaye alondolozwe kule mini.

Nge inqaba zokuqaphela ezikufutshane kukhuselo emlilweni isakhiwo inqaba intsimbi kunye iqonga mkhanya phezu kwendlu. Kwigumbi elingaphakathi imyuziyam azinikele unobangela emlilweni, kukho imiboniso bakudala: umgqomo wamanzi, impahla, ukulwa umlilo oomatshini omdala isampula. Kwintendelezo kukho omkhulu ngeplanga emanzini. Ngaphambili sakhiwo ibekwe kwidolophana spool.

yokulinda High kufuphi zokhuselo lomlilo isakhiwo nokuba zisebenza ukhuseleko emlilweni kwilali ukusebenza Krasnogvardeyskiy. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 35. Ukujikeleza kwalo ukwenza phandle phezu kweenkuni ngo-1979. Gcina i sakhiwo kuphela iinzame Samoilova. Kunye neqabane iintsuku ezimbalwa bathabatha naye phezu log, nto leyo ibenzima kakhulu ngenxa zalapho, wathi Ivan Danilovich.

Omelene kwisakhiwo tower umlilo - le smithy ubudala, kufuphi inkampu yakhe axhotyiswe ngamahashe, leyo Bayifaka wezihlangu. Ngamanye amaxesha wayesebenza mkhandi, ukugcina iteknoloji yamandulo kwesinyithi. Apha ungabona ngokweenkcukacha izixhobo. Ngaphambi kokungena ukubaluleka lwenkohliso ankile efumaneka emlanjeni Dir.

Ukongeza kwezi zakhiwo, kwakukho indawo kwi reserve lo mshini, abarhwebi Yakovlev ixesha izityalo. I-museum olwenziwe imithendeleko ngenkcazo, imiboniso kwamagcisa seengcibi.

inani

Le myuziyam of Lower Sinyachikha wayesoloko ezixineneyo, abakhenkethi kufika apha hayi kuphela uluvo. ulwazi Kukho ziyahlaziywa zabethelela nokuthanda ilizwe labo kunye nembali yayo. Ukubaluleka reserve wathi ngcono Academician Likhachev aphumelele: "Ukuba siphila ngoku sinethemba ukuvuselela lali, nabalimi Russian, i I. D. Samoilov kudala sele usebenza nzima ukuyenza ibe kuzaliseka, kuba uyazi: ngaphandle ukuvuselelwa amasiko abantu, izenzo zayo zibhetele amasiko ayikwazi ukuba ukuphuculwa yokuziphatha yoluntu. "