Yenyani: isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi organelles cell

Phakathi ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo zeselula, inkqubo enye kuphela ekwaziyo arhente cleavage enzymatic. It yenyani. Isakhiwo umsebenzi, ingakumbi indawo yayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwithishyu eza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

Yenyani: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Igama elithi "lysis" liguqulelwe ngeendlela Greek "ngamanyala". Kwaye ke ngqo ingundoqo liphuhlisa eyona le organelles cell kuyo. Lysosomes ke vesicles abancinane kakhulu, ngokubanzi emise spherically. ububanzi yabo ngokulambisa Isanti ka 100-180 NM. Ngaphandle, siphahlwe inwebu. Ngaphakathi ziquka enzyme hydrolytic, ezenza bume asidi. Ezi zizinto zendalo zizinto ehlanganisa eziphilayo. Bona akhawulezise ekudibaneni kwemichiza, kodwa inxalenye iimveliso zabo. Ithathwe ndawonye, le yenyani - isakhiwo womnatha kunye nemisebenzi ezo subordinated ukuba umsebenzi ongundoqo - ukwahlukana iiseli ukuba iikhompawundi.

lysosomes indawo

Ukufunyanwa kwe kwiseli yenyani bobabo ukuya yasekhemesti Belgian kunye sebhayoloji Christian de Dyuvu. Kwaye esi siganeko lisukela emva ku-1955. Emva kokuba inzululwazi wafunda iinkcukacha isakhiwo umsebenzi lysosomes iiseli. Ngokwala data, organelles enzyme iiseli amalungiselelo zonke eukaryotic izinto, izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto. Kodwa ntsholongwane prokaryotic abangekhoyo, ngoko abanako phagocytosis kunye ukugaywa intracellular nezinto.

Abameli yezikumkani ezahlukeneyo ngemvelo inani izakhiwo data utshintshatshintsha kakhulu. Xa izinto izityalo kunye nomngundo abakwazi kunye lysosomes anatomically ke vacuoles, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo bona isinye. Kodwa cells zezilwanyana, inani labo besukelana amawaka aliqela amanani. Xa kunjalo, imali yabo ngaphezulu iipesenti ezintlanu lilonke. Hi ndlela leyi, elasekwa nje yokuba umzimba nezihlunu ezanyisayo lysosomes abangekhoyo kuphela iiseli ezibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu.

Indlela leli lysosomes

Yenyani, ubume kunye nomsebenzi evumela ukwetyisa intracellular, unako oku ngeendlela ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo yayo. Abanye babo idibane le phage kunye pinocytosis vesicles kunye kunye yakha vacuole yokwetyisa. umsebenzi zabo. Yeyona ukuphunyezwa ukugaywa intracellular kwezinto, ie iseli yesondlo.

Olunye uhlobo lysosomes isebenza ukuba balahle iiseli kwabafileyo organelles, iiseli ekwanti, okanye iziqwenga zeethishu. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ezi organelles kutshabalalisa imizimba zigaba mibungu zezilwanyana, ezifana iimpumlo kunye Imisila tadpoles emanzini. Olunye uhlobo lysosomes kukwazi ukusondela kumphezulu inwebu, ekuqhubeni ukususwa enzyme yaye ukugaywa extracellular.

Meaning of basabele enzymatic

Yintoni na isakhiwo umsebenzi lysosomes, sele kusetyenzwa. Kodwa iinkqubo zenziwa kubaluleke njani ngala organelles zeeseli eziphilayo xa bebonke? Kwakheka kwi inwebu ye izixhobo Golgi kwaye ke reticulum endoplasmic, ukuba akhiwa maqampu lwabo lokuqala. Yaye okwesihlandlo sokuqala, i-enzayim eziqulathwe kubo engasebenziyo.

Ngokuthotywa asidi kokusingqongileyo, etshintsha meko. Enzyme zisebenze kwaye uqale ukuba ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi yazo. Konakalisa amagciwane kunye amasuntswana, kunye nezakhiwo ezingeyomfuneko esele zizalisekile umsebenzi wabo. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, iseli zijikiswe ukuya yokugcina inkunkuma. Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba kufuneka yeseli self-ukwetyisa, nto leyo eya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekufeni kwalo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo efanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ukufa iiseli tadpole umsila kwi nqanaba yotshintsho yayo ibe nese-. Ngoko izinto benziwa ngexesha lenkqubo ungasetyenziswa ezinye iiseli. Ngoko ke, imisebenzi eyenziwa lysosomes, eziyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza iiseli ngamnye kwaye yonke eziphilayo.

Yenyani, ubume kunye nomsebenzi esifunde ngazo kwinqaku lethu organelle odnomembrannoy iiseli eziphilayo prokaryotic. Bona vesicles ajikelezayo equlathe enzyme ekwaziyo ohlaba iikhemikali ezintsonkothileyo.