Yintoni amber? amber mninzi

Amber - i intlaka lamhlamnenene eliyindawo apho unenzondelelo iintsalela zezilwanyana. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ubudala yigolide evuthiweyo - kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40. Le zokubasa eziphilayo, ethe wafumana lexinene phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zokusingqongileyo waza wajika waba ilitye elihle eliqaqambileyo. Ziintoni iimpawu yigolide evuthiweyo, izimbiwa ezinoxinano kunye nezinye iimpawu ziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ubunjalo jikelele ngokomzimba

Amber inxulumene izimbiwa eziphilayo ezingeyo kwakheka. Chemical ifomula - C10H16O, ezibandakanya succinic acid uqulathwe mali ka-3-8%. Amatye geni emhlabeni, kukho amasuntswana zonke izinambuzane kunye nezityalo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini jewelry.

Mineral luphawulwa le mihlaba ilandelayo:

• Yobulukhuni ngaphakathi 2-2.5-3.
• Ukungafihli - ngokupheleleyo, medium, ukungabikho kwezinto ezenzelwa ekhusini.
• Makukhanye - efana negilasi.
• Kwiintsali kunye pleochroism ayisayi kubakho.
• Chweba - ukusuka elinombala-emhlophe eluhlaza-mthubi.
• Kokuba umbane phantsi kunobunye.

Amber ezinyibilikayo kwezinye hydrocarbon kwindawo yokusabela michiza.

Iifom kwezimbiwa endalweni

Kwindalo, Amber elizayo yimilo lwamaqumrhu zabo bonke ubukhulu kwezi ndawo:

• kwi zemithi emva kwemali yentlaka kumthi,
• phantsi amaxolo, xa emigongxweni kunye nezinye ukuqanda.

Kufuphi komphandle ukubhobhoza kwenzeka ngohlobo ezimilise drop-sinters neepleyiti Zinokuxutywa elinemibala kunye amasetyana, amaxolo, esihlahleni.

Sokukhutshwa evela izabelo vnutristvolnyh i-ipleyiti phakathi elintlangothi emxinwa.

Phantsi kweemeko zemvelo, izimbiwa lugubungela uqweqwe emnyama. balo babulingana nesandla - ukusuka mm-1 ukuya ku-4. Nokuphathwa engaphelelanga usoloko ufumana umbala amatye umdla. Yemozulu kuqweqwe sikhusela izimbiwa iminyaka.

Secondary ehlele Iifom tar ukuba akhiwa elwandle kunye emlanjeni amanzi, iimeko glacial kunye neznye, ube neempawu incinane primary.

pieces amber bafumana ubunzima ekubeni abe ukusuka namaqhezu ezimbalwa i gram ukuya buziikhilogram ezilishumi okanye ngaphezulu.

Le amber likhulu Museum London ngayo Imbali, ubunzima bayo - 15 kg 250 grams.

mninzi

Iingcali kunye abathanda kwezimbiwa rhoqo nomdla kulo mbuzo, yintoni na mninzi in yegolide evuthiweyo. Kulo mhlaba ukuze sibe sisihikahika.

Mineral amber, ogama konga 0.97-1.10, ubalisa ukuba abalinganiswa le olwandle. Okt amanzi olwandle elifanayo loxinano. Ngoko ke, xa ulwandle ilitye pops up, kunye namanzi amatsha - phezu koko. Kungenxa yoko le nto izimbiwa uzinzile kangaka yaye ungazithambisi phezu kwizigidi zeminyaka.

Xa ulwandle lamaqhosha evuthiweyo abhabhe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphezulu. E ayitshintshanga amber konga kuluhlu ka-1 ukuya 1.18 g / cm³. Oku kulinganiswa enobunzima kulwelo enzima. Kwingingqi eLviv lo yegolide evuthiweyo, nto leyo ukwangowona mmandla unomthamo omkhulu. Yena ngu 1.14. Xa Carpathians kunye evuthiweyo loxinano Maritime angaphantsi kakhulu. Iingcali oko kumiselwa kuluhlu 1,04-1,1 g / cm ^3.

Yintoni lexinene evuthiweyo kwimibhalo etshintshiweyo? Le parameter badlula izimbiwa eziphezulu kakhulu. Kuyinto 1,08 g / cm³. Ngqo ukusuka uqweqwe emdaka yempembelelo yemozulu ukuba ukuxinana 116 g / cm³. Ukuxinana aphezulu evuthiweyo kwi g / cm3 leesampulu badlula ibandakanywa nasemaweni Ciscarpathia, nto ilingana 1,15-1,22.

Yintoni egqibayo eli xabiso? Kwezinye iimeko, le lexinene ilitye inxulumene ngqo ubukho ubumdaka kulo. Oku kunokuba ube sisinyithi, initrogen, isalfure, aluminiyam. Emaweni kunye ubumdaka nentsimbi ukwangowona mmandla unomthamo omkhulu yigolide evuthiweyo, xa kg / m3 kuba 1220. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ziphawulwe ngokuthi ulwalamano esahlukileyo. Xa iingcali esilinganiselweyo oko ukungaqini evuthiweyo kummandla eLvov, oko kwabhalwa imeko esahlukileyo. Ukusuka kwezi data, izazinzulu ziye kufika kwisigqibo sokuba loxinano izimbiwa ixhomekeke ukwakhiwa intlaka iliwa kwasekwa kuzo.

Ngenxa yoko, ingxinano evuthiweyo - 1100 kg / m³, oku ixabiso esithathwe zesayensi kunye bemithi izibalo zabo.

Nezinye iimpawu ezibonakalayo

Idangatye ikhandlela uyakwazi ukunyibilikisa izimbiwa, kwakunye lobushushu 250-300 ° C iqala ibile. Xa ilitye eshushu iqalisa lungaqhubeka, ukutshiswa kunye nevumba ukusuka nentlaka. Ibe phezu kwesi siseko Ukwahlula ezizizo ukusuka kwezimbiwa zedolophu.

KumaXesha Aphakathi wasebenzisa impahla izimbiwa apapashe ivumba emangalisayo emnandi xa itshiswa, baza-zinambuzane kwelo gumbi.

Evuthiweyo oyile ifunyenwe, kunye rosin asidi.

Ukukwazi ngezimbiwa ukuba umbane ngokuthi ukukhuhlana, waza noko atsaleleka amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo entle. Lo mhlaba ivunjululwe kuqala umphengululi amandulo Greek inabe. Kamva, ukufumana iintlantsi evuthiweyo blue ngexesha zochuku uboya, okuthiwa electron.

Itshe ukwahlukanisa zombane obalaseleyo.

idiphozithi

Le Iidipozithi inkulu evuthiweyo ezi Palmnikenskoe kummandla Kaliningrad. Apha kule nomhlaba iidipozithi ngokubanzi wokumbiwa. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba 90% woovimba ihlabathi buzinze ilitye le ndawo, ukuba iminyaka kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50.

Palmnikenskogo koko, kwingingqi eKaliningrad unezinye indawo amber ezimbini: ulwandle kunye elunxwemeni. matye lwenziwa yi career ngokwaphula kunye Jets amanzi ukhukuliseko izakhiwo lomhlaba.

Kwi-avareji, zonke cubic meter komhlaba 500-600 iigrem izimbiwa, kodwa kukho kwakhona iindawo 4.5 kg / m³. Umthamo wonyaka ukuveliswa izimbiwa yi 300-350 tonnes.

iidipozithi Small zifumaneka eUnited States, eKhanada, Mexico, Romania, eJamani, Dominican Republic, Ukraine.

uhlobo

Kwindalo kukho iintlobo ezininzi kweli litye emangalisayo, inani layo lidlula 200 ziqhelekileyo:

1. Succinite - edume zonke iintlobo. Iqulethe isixa esikhulu succinic acid. umbala Succinite - namhlophe, naziiperile,-orenji, obomvu.
2. Gless - ilitye mdaka, apho kungekho elubala.
3. Gedanit - ezimbiwa Yellow ngaphandle succinic acid kumafa yayo, brittleness ophezulu kuba le mali incinci oksijini.
4. Stantienit - ezinodaka ezimbiwa omnyama-emdaka na brittleness eliphezulu.
5. Bokkerit - ngezimbiwa emdaka kukukhanya-tight.
6. Kistsellit - yellow okanye umnquma yegolide evuthiweyo.
7. Shraufit - ezimbiwa ebomvu okanye otyheli-obomvu.
8. Blue Amber - iintlobo zazenziwe, esivulekayo Dominican Republic. Kunzima kakhulu, ukuba uba ebumnyameni. Umbala oluhlaza yale yezimbiwa kuvela ubumdaka wentaba-mlilo.
9. Green amber - kwakhona ikopi emasimini Dominican. Ezo umbala izimbiwa yajika ngenxa inclusions carbon.

Umbala kunye nokuvuleleka

amber color palette kakhulu ebanzi - lendlovu abamnyama. Naxa enye ye izimbiwa zizidibanise izidanga ezahlukeneyo izinto elubala. Amatye namaqondo awohlukeneyo elubala zihlukaniswe:

• yamafu;
• bukhanye;
• ithambo;
• amagwebu.

Nangona ukwahluka Amber ubusi kukhethwa eshushu zemibala ezityheli. Kwiimeko ezinqabe fixed umbala oluhlaza - ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni ukuze cornflower oluhlaza.

Yintoni egqibayo ukuba ixabiso wokumbiwa?

Price kuxhomekeke kubungakanani piece izimbiwa kunye nombala wayo.

Kuye kudala ingqalelo uhlobo obaluleke kakhulu yegolide evuthiweyo emhlophe. Iingcali zithi kwiimeko ezinjalo nezingcoliso mincinanana, iimpawu aphilisayo kakhulu kunene.

I-Chinese kwaye Japanese baqonde ukuba iindidi cherry umbala, ebizwa ngokuba 'igazi gongqongqo ". Ezi namawa kuba amalungu entsapho sigqibo.

UMlawuli uRima Neron ekhethwayo jet.

EsasiseSisili, zezona evuthiweyo ilangatye-obugolide bha.

Uhlobo kuyabiza kakhulu ingqalelo Infinity, kunye amasuntswana kwezimbiwa Zinokuxutywa izinambuzane, izilwanyana, kunye nabanye. Ezaziwayo evuthiweyo, apho kuso untulo. Olo Umzekelo ixabise amashumi amawaka eerandi. Kodwa imizekelo ezinjalo zinqabile.

Nakule evuthiweyo ebomvu akapholisanga maseko, kamva waqalisa bakhetha igolide.

Kumazwe zasempuma, ingakumbi ezibalulekile iintlobo kwezimbiwa amhlophe ukuba anikwe amagunya enamandla impiliso.

Kule mihla, umgangatho uthathwa ngokuba yezimbiwa emthubi kunye nombala efanayo.

amayeza

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ilitye eyabelwe iipropati amayeza. Oku kungenxa yinxalenye succinic acid nto leyo bio-stimulator.

Wokumbiwa lisetyenziswa izifo ezifana:

• umqala obuhlungu;
• ndlala;
• isifo indlebe;
• ukuhlaselwa somoya;
• samathambo.

Namhlanje, wokumbiwa nayo kusetyenziswa:

• ukuba uza kuziphelisa zonke iintlungu intloko;
• ngayo unyango lwe angina;
• ubuhlungu kwamalunga;
• ukuphucula nethe;
• ukhulisa okukwazi;
• kuqheleke umsebenzi namathumbu;
• ukupheliswa kweenkqubo arhabaxa.

Kukholelwa ukuba evuthiweyo Azikho thumba.

Xa amayeza ezinye izinto evuthiweyo esebenzisa chips zamatye ezidityaniswe iyeza.

Yamaxhwele bakholelwa ukuba izimbiwa kunempembelelo entle emzimbeni womntu kwaye kunceda nasiphi na isifo.

isicelo

Mineral ngenkuthalo ukusetyenziswa ukuyila iimpahla. Succinic acid ifumaneka amayeza athile, kwaye kananjalo asetyenziswe kushishino lwezolimo ukuze kunyuswe izinga imveliso. Bemithi wasebenzisa amber ekuveliseni enamels kunye ipeyinti. Lacquered amaqhosha cover amber ifenitshala, iintambo zombane, iingqayi ukuze lokunkonkxa. Ngempahla zokwambathisa okulungileyo, evuthiweyo yokwambathisa kuphuma endle zobugcisa.