Kamov ntaka: yonke imifanekiso. Amafoto kunye neMimiselo

-Ntaka zokuqala Kamov (Ka) wathabatha phaya kude 1953. NgoAprili 14, indiza multi-injongo Ka-15 iye uvulindlela yemveliso mass, wadalwa kwi wokulinga Design Bureau (OKB) Igama uNikolay Ilyich Kamov. Bureau of umyili odumileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo angqina ukubaluleka yayo practice kunye izikimu ezikhethiweyo ukuba nokusebenziseka. Enye iimpawu ezinika babe ntaka Kamov uyilo bureau, - ngezikhonkwane yafakwa. Olu phawu ukuba ukusetyenziswa koomatshini kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo (emkhosini, amayeza, ukuhlangulwa, kunye namanye amacandelo ebalulekileyo).

Ukususela moya wokuqala sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60, yaye "Kamov" ntaka iinkampani ungonwaba udumo ngokubanzi. I-Russian imipu yomkhosi yezokubhabha na isixhobo esiyingozi kunye ngempumelelo ekwaziyo ukwenza alwayo namagqiza kakhulu entsonkothileyo.

Ka-15

Ixesha lokuqala Kamov ntaka sele ziphuhlisiwe kuphela Navy. Kangangethuba elide wesiphaluka yafakwa helical yaba lwentando iziko yoyilo. Kuyenzeka ukufumana xa zikhutshwa ntaka kakuhle ilawulwa kwaye vysokomanovrennye, zonke ezi iingenelo kubonakaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwabo kwi koomatshini ubungakanani encinci.

Omnye imigca yokuqala kunye nempumelelo Edo ubuchwepheshe "Kamov" - i Ka-15. NATO RT wanika lo matshini yokumngcikiva ifundwe "inkuku." Yiyo le ndawo ezimbini ntaka inqanawa leyo umfuziselo ukuya yokuthutha kuqala yakhululwa kwimibhalo 354.

uluhlu ethe yenziwa ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. layout Project kunye noyilo iimpawu ziye zamkelwa Morflot ekuqaleni 1952. Kamov (ntaka uMyili) wayesazi ukuba lo matshini iza kusetyenziswa kwizixhobo enqanaweni, ngoko wenza umfuziselo Ngokomzi kakhulu kwaye ukukhanya kakhulu. Kunye ubude balo Ka-15 iphantse ezimbini amaxesha ngaphantsi nangaphezu ukuguqulwa zincinane Mi-1. Ngaphezu koko, le abayili bakwazi ukwamkeleka umatshini omncinane ukubhabha zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

izilingo Military imifanekiso ezimbini (single-plane Mi-1 yesekethe kunye ezinjalo Ka-15) kwi Cruiser "uMikhail Kutuzov" wabonisa iziphumo encomekayo kakhulu ubugcisa Kamov. Ukuba Mi-1 ngonyuka imiqathango yokubhabha nge kumgangatho esi sikhephe ngenxa plane umsila nomsila boom elide, i-Ka-15 labhabha kakuhle waza wahlala phantsi kwi ariya encinane ngenxa yobukhulu ayo, kunye neemeko elwandle-point ezintandathu.

Ngokutsho iziphumo zovavanyo, oomatiloshe Soviet sagcina babeqinisekile ukuba ubuchule uhlobo lomoya nqanawa akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ezinjalo, yaye akukho ndlela-ntaka Kamov (zonke iimodeli).

uqhagamshelo drill Navy uyigqiba koomatshini OKB Kamov ukususela 1957. Nangona umsebenzi olungileyo, imodeli ukubaleka angabi njengento izixhobo anti-ngwenya, oku kwixesha eladlulayo, yaba yinto ephambili. Enye matshini ayikwazanga phakamisa isefu sonar ezimbini kuphela (tracking lweenqanawa ezintywilayo utshaba), izixhobo nokulawula zilayishwe kwenye ntaka, nangowesithathu yayizizityholo ubunzulu. Le nkqubo kungelula kakhulu, ngoko Morflot ngowe-1963 wala Ka-15 baxhasa uphuhliso olutsha Bureau yoyilo efanayo.

model Ukucacisa

ukusebenza Aircraft parameters Ka-15:

• Isilingi - 3500 m.
• Range - 278 km.
• Ubuninzi Isantya swi - 155 km / h.
• Reserve ngexesha ubunzima isuka - 1460 kg.
• Eli qela - 1 mntu.
• Impahla - 300 kg okanye 2.
• Ubukhulu be plane eziphambili - 9,96 m.
• ubude isakhelo - 6.26 m.

Ka-25

Ntaka Kamov 25 Series - ukuba uhlobo umatshini anti-nqanawa. Le modeli liye laba isitshixo lokusekwa iziko kazwelonke Aviation yomkhosi xa iyonke. I Ka-25 yaphuhliswa njengesixhobo nokulwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo nuclear utshaba enokwenzeka.

Imifuziselo yokuqala elolu hlobo iye yafakwa radar zonke ngeenxa ukubonakala kwimisebenzi zomkhosi bezorientirnoy ngaphezu phezu kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo kunye noyilo okrelekrele ntaka Kamov 25 series-ndakhonzayo izithuthi zethu phantse iminyaka engama-30.

Lo moya yokuqala Ka-25 zenzeka ngoMeyi 20, 1961, yaye kwiminyaka emine kamva imoto babeka phezu yokuthutha e Ulan-Ude. De 1969 mfuziselo le ntaka multi-injongo kuphela eye akukho analogue kwi kushishino lweenqwelo yasekhaya. Kodwa emva kokuba abayili Soviet asinikezele brand combat entsha ntaka Mi-24 ntaka Kamov (bona ifoto. Kwinqaku) waqalisa siphaphazela kwinkampani koomatshini Mile.

Ntaka Ka-25 yaba sinoncedo elihle yomkhosi ngolwandle, oluhambelana ngokupheleleyo kubo. Le nkqubo yambethe Morflot yethu de 1991, kwaye ukulungiswa ukonyulwa ekujoliswe (Ka-25TS) - up ukuya 90 phakathi. Total uyakwazi ukubala 18 uthotho eyahluka-hlukeneyo iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo. Zonke ukusebenza koomatshini (1965-1973 gg.) Ngaba ziqokelelwe malunga 460 kweeyunithi ze ubuchwepheshe Ka-25.

Iimpawu machine

ukusebenza Aircraft parameters Ka-25 kugada:

• Isilingi - 4000 m.
• Range - 650 km.
• Alawulwayo santya siphezulu - 220 km / h.
• Reserve ngexesha ubunzima isuka - 7500 kg.
• Crew - 2 abantu.
• Impahla - 1100 kg.
• Abakhweli - Abantu 12.
• Ubukhulu be plane eziphambili - 15,74 m.
• ubude isakhelo - 9,75 m.
• Machine ukuphakama - 5,37 m.

Ka-50

Ekuqaleni nenani-80 kwi-USSR ezinkulu ntaka umkhosi ukulwa sabelo yaba umyili imodeli Mil - Mi-24. "Mnt" isekhona kwinkonzo kunye nemikhosi yethu, kodwa ngelo xesha ubunkokheli wamajoni yagqiba ukuba lo matshini akazifezekisi zonke iimfuno zomkhosi.

Mi-24 wadala yi "eziphaphazelayo izithuthi zokulwa nomkhosi" ingqiqo. Oko kukuthi, lo matshini wakwazi ukuphumeza izenzo ukubetha kuphela, kodwa xa kuyimfuneko ukuwathutha paratroopers kwisebe. Le bhetyebhetye, Kakade ke, sichaphazele iimpawu ekulweni zobugcisa Mile. Ngaphezu koko, lo ubukrelekrele eSoviet ngakumbi wadibana kuphuhliso kunye intsimi nokuvavanywa imodeli entsha ye-US Air Force - ukuhlasela ntaka AH-64 "Apache".

Design Bureau ukuba azihlole ngenyameko yonke ingcaciso ayifumene zaphendulwa yabanjwa efanayo baseMerika ukuphuhlisa Ka-50 "Black Shark". Kamov Helicopters Series 50 zaye zakhutshwa ngo Juni 1982 waza waba isemagqabini lweenqwelo Russian emkhosini, kodwa hayi ufumane yokwenene ukuqala ebomini.

iimpawu usiwe

Le modeli sele iyunithi yinxalenye ukothuka ukuba uhlangabezana njani nale ukutshatyalaliswa izithuthi vehicles, izakhiwo zobunjineli kunye nokupheliswa imikhosi yotshaba kwi edabini. umatshini Single sele inkqubo eqhelekileyo yafakwa yafakwa kunye nesakhelo umnqwazi kunye isilinge phezu ngexabiso kunye umgaqo iparashute. Loo inkqubo evumela umqhubi ukuphuma ngokukhuselekileyo le ntaka ngesantya ukuya ku-400 km / h kwintaba ephakame akukho kweemitha ngaphezu kwama-4000 kunye ebeka ubuncinane.

Innovation ngelixa izinto ezihlolwayo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba malunga kwisithathu ubunzima yoyilo umatshini yonke, nciphisa ngokubaluleka ubunzima jikelele kuthelekiswa isizukulwana yangaphambili-ntaka. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba ukwandisa ubomi inkonzo iiyunithi ngamnye, kunye ukuthembeka kunye survivability nezixhobo.

Helicopters Russian 'Kamov "ebizwa ngokuba" Black Shark "wenza uthotho encinane isithuba. iikopi zakutshanje ziye zisiwe omkhosi ngo-2009. Bonke kungenziwa kakuhle funda 15 iimoto Ka-50, kuquka izixhobo uvavanyo. Ubukhulu becala, le ndlela iye ngamava luncedo kakhulu Kamov uyilo bureau, sivumele endle ukusebenza ngaphandle ubugcisa ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezitsha-mkhosi.

iimpawu usiwe

ukusebenza Aircraft parameters Ka-50:

• Isilingi - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160 km.
• Ubuninzi Isantya swi - 390 km / h.
• Reserve ngexesha ubunzima isuka - 10.800 kg.
• Eli qela - 1 mntu.
• Impahla - 2000 kg.
• Ubukhulu be plane eziphambili - 14.5 m.
• ubude isakhelo - 13.5 m.

Ca-52

Namava afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso Ka-50 sele ziphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo uhlobo lwefuthe kumatshini mininzi entsha Ca-52 "Gator". Bayahlelwa isizukulwana entsha ntaka Kamov kunokwenziwa yaphumelela.

Xa sikhangela data, leyo Wayisondeza Russian Air Force ngu 72 Ka-52 iiyunithi kwinkonzo yomkhosi yethu. Ngaphezu koko, emkhosini wenza isivumelwano ixesha elide kunye kuyilo bureau Kamov ukuba ezibandakanya iteknoloji zokufakelwa kwakhona de 2020 (malunga 150 ukuhlaselwa ntaka "aligeyitha" uhlobo multi-injongo).

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi omtsha Ka-52 ukusuka "Black Shark" - na ukuvela co-pilot, kunye nethuba ngokupheleleyo ukubhabha nangaliphi na ixesha, na imozulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba sizukulwana sangaphambili Ka-50 ayikwazanga ukuqhuba imisebenzi ebusuku.

Zolungiso "Alligator" yi malunga nama-85% iye ilungelelanisiwe ukuze iqwalasele umatshini Ka-50. Ungumsebenzi Ka-52 efika powerplant, nomsila kunye nenxalenye phakathi fuselage, iphiko kunye othwala empennage kwisisu semoto nkqubo. Inxalenye ngaphambili ntaka linyuke kancinane, ukuba bafumana isihlalo bexabana wakhe. Kusenziwa nje uvavanyo, inkqubo yokuhlangula isetyenziswa zonke efanayo ngexabiso kunye iparashute isilinge njengoko "Black Shark". Ufumene unyuselo lezixhobo enkulu-moya. Ngoku kukho imiboniso LCD mihla endaweni lathisi emveli electromechanical.

Nokufika umatshini yesibini pilot iye inokuthenjwa, njengoko umthwalo enqanaweni ekwabelwana kubini. Ngaphezu koko, le abayili ingqalelo kakhulu- ukuba amalungiselelo pilot azikho ngaxeshanye (kunye nabanye), njengoko kwenziwa kwezinye ntaka ukuhlasela, kunye ngaxhatha linye. Ngenxa yeli lungiselelo, eli qela landa kakhulu intsebenziswano umsebenzi kwaye akukho mfuneko ukufaka Dashboard ezongezelelweyo, kwaye oku ukuncitshiswa ubunzima ngesakhiwo ngokubanzi kwakunye nokunciphisa uphazamiseko kwi izixhobo phindo.

moya "Alligator" Okokuqala Kwabanjwa inkomfa ekupheleni kukaJuni 1997. Kwi imoto yokuthutha beza kuphela ekupheleni kuka-2008 ngenxa yokuba amandla emveliso kwisityalo "Inkqubela", ibekwe kwidolophu encinane Arsenyev. iimvavanyo iFreyistata kumaqondo wamajoni zagqitywa ngo-2011, kwaye ngexesha elinye, i Ka-52 wangena moya inkonzo iiyunithi yokulwa Russian.

machine injongo

"Alligator" yenzelwe imisebenzi kuliwe kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu kwaye uyakwazi ukuphelisa nezixhobo vehicles utshaba, kunye ngamandla ephilayo utshaba, ngokunjalo nalowo ntaka utshaba kubunzulu kwebhola.

Ngaphezu koko, Ca-52 ngokuzithemba wabonisa ngokwalo kwimisebenzi intelligence. Uyakwazi ukwenza ukujoliswa hardware kunye nokuhanjiswa target nokubambisana naye ubuchule (ekulweni moya kunye nomkhosi nomhlaba). Lo matshini uyakwazi ukunika umlilo inshorensi kokwehla, balihambahambe ndawo kwaye mayihambe kunye naziphi iintsika zombini iinjongo emkhosini kunye nomkhosi. Namhlanje ke wekratshi Aviation Russian yaye ubhetyebhetye isixhobo yomkhosi ukuba unako ukwenza inani elikhulu yokulwa imishini, kunye kude ehlonelwayo ukusuka kwindawo ekhaya.

Iimpawu eziphambili imodeli

ukusebenza Aircraft parameters Ka-52:

• Isilingi - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160 km.
• Ubuninzi Isantya swi - 300 km / h.
• Reserve ngexesha ubunzima isuka - 10.400 kg.
• Crew - 2 abantu.
• Impahla - 2000 kg.
• Ubukhulu be plane eziphambili - 14.5 m.
• ubude isakhelo - 14.2 m.