Yintoni indima amanzi kwiiseli zabantu

Ngokoqobo ukusuka ebuntwaneni wonke umntu uyazi ukuba amanzi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Yococeko, ukucocwa, ukusela - omnye izinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini inxulunyaniswa ngamanzi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukufunda ihlabathi, yaye umntwana efunda yintoni indima yamanzi kwiseli. Mhlawumbi kuphela kule ndawo kucacile ukuba zinkulu ukubaluleka kwayo, kungekho manzi bubomi nokuyicinga ngokwayo. Ngenxa yayo, ivumela ukusebenza eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo.

isakhiwo molecule

Indima yamanzi kubomi iseli ezinxulumene ngqo awohluke lwesakhiwo yayo. Wonke umntu uyayazi lo formula kulwelo ophambili emzimbeni. Nganye molecule yamanzi elakhiwe ngekhaya elinye ioksijini atom kunye athom ezimbini hydrogen. Bona kunye zibe iyunithi eyodwa ngenxa polar iibhondi covalent, ngokusekelwe ukuyilwa kwento electron ipere eziqhelekileyo athom ezimbini. A phawu uphawu ezo molekyuli wamanzi asymmetry yayo zombane. oksijini atom electronegative ngakumbi, etsala ngamandla electron-athom hydrogen. Nomphumela - eqhelekileyo lisisiqalo izibini elektroni ngayo oksijini atom.

dipole

Yintoni indima yamanzi kwiseli ixhomekeke ngeempawu ezendeleyo kweziyobisi. Ngenxa yoko ukubana elipheleleyo iperi elektroni oko uzuza nokwehlukana. iimolekyuli Water luphawulwa nezibonda ezimbini: ngamnye atom hydrogen ngokuyinxenye na isimangalo esihle ioksijini - negative buso. Bebonke bakha molecule cala.

Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi nganye noshowo umele dipole amanzi. Isakhiwo osemqoka kwemolekyuli limisela umlinganiswa ubudlelwane phakathi kwizakhiwo ezikufuphi. Ngokupheleleyo negative oxygen atom hydrogen otsaleleke yi atom ezinye iimolekyuli. Senziwe therebetween ekuthiwa-imixokelelwane hydrogen. molecule nganye yamanzi lidla ukuba naye ngale ndlela abane nabamelwane balo. Zonke bokuqonda isakhiwo ekhankanywe umiselwa indima bemvelo yamanzi kwiseli.

iimpawu

iibhondi yehayidrojini mava ngenxa iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuqinisekisa ezininzi iipropati yayo. Unxulumano phakathi ioksijini yehayidrojini athom ilifa amandla ezizodwa, ngamanye ukuze lowanyathela, kufuneka kwenziwe amandla umxhelo. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi indawo abilayo eliphezulu nawawokunyibilika kunye vaporization. Phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo, amanzi - kuphela kwento ekhoyo ehlabathini ngexesha elifanayo United ezintathu udibaniso. Yintoni indima yamanzi ebuhlanti, kwaye zisekelwe phezu ukuba iimpawu zayo.

Ukusebenzisana izinto esibamba

Ukukwazi okusegazini yamanzi amasuntswana ukwenza imixokelelwane hydrogen ivumela ulwelo umzimba omkhulu ukunyibilika iikhompawundi ezininzi. izinto ezifana ibizwa esibamba, oko kukuthi amanzi "lula". Ezi ziquka iikhompawundi ionic: neetyuwa,-asidi kunye neziseko. Izinto esibamba kwaye nonionic ziquka nemixube ukuba wokwephuka. molecule awo ziqulathe amaqela icala. Oku amino acids, iswekile, alkoholi ezilula kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezithile.
Indima amanzi umsebenzi iseli kukudala imeko buyafuneka ekukhawuleziseni zonke ngayo. Isisombululo imele imo umba apho zonke iimolekyuli zayo ungahambisa kakhulu ngokukhululekileyo ngakumbi, ngamanye uba reactability kakhulu kunaleyo ifom emiselweyo.

Ngenxa kule mihlaba amanzi liye laba eliphakathi olungundoqo ukuhamba uninzi ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Ngaphezu koko, umzekelo, haydrolisis kunye iseti lonke lweenkqubo redox zenziwa kuphela inxaxheba ngqo iseli main ulwelo.

reagent

Indima enkulu wamanzi iiseli zobomi ayinakuphikiswa. Yena inxaxheba kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, amanzi kubalulekile ukuba photosynthesis. Enye lwalukumanqanaba alo, i photolysis amanzi, kukuba ukwahlula athom hydrogen uziquke onesiphumo organic ezimbaxa. Xa oku ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera ioksijini akhululwe.

Indima kwamanzi kwiseli abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezinxulumene sele ekhankanywe haydrolisis intshabalalo izinto kunye Ukongeza amanzi. Enye abasabela ibalulekileyo yale hlobo kwi iseli kohlulwe iimolekyuli ATP livela kuphuma amandla, esetyenziswa ezinye iinkqubo ebalulekileyo.

Ukusebenzisana izinto hydrophobic

Ezinye iiprothini, kunye amafutha, kunye nucleic azikho enyibilikayo emanzini konke konke, okanye ingaba inkqubo kunzima kakhulu. izinto ezifana ibizwa hydrophobic, oko kukuthi amanzi "kuthiya". Indima amanzi iseli nomzimba lu dityanisiwe intsebenziswano yayo nezi zinto.

iimolekyuli zamanzi abakwazi wokwahlula izinto hydrophobic ukusuka kulwelo ngokwayo. Oku kuvelisa-ebizwa ngokuba interface. Bayithatha ngaphandle reactions ezininzi chemical. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa impefumlelwano phospholipids, apho inwebu yeseli, i bilayer lipid kuyilwa ngamanzi.

umthamo ubushushu

Indima begazi amanzi iseli ilele inxaxheba yayo thermoregulation. Nobushushu ethile amanzi liphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngethuba kukufakwa isixa obangel wamandla thermal lobushushu amanzi yahluka kancinci kuphela. Olu phawu inceda ukugcina iqondo layo rhoqo ngaphakathi iseli, kuyimfuneko ukuba zesiqhelo iinkqubo ezininzi kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bume lwangaphakathi.

ukwabiwa Uniform of ubushushu

Enye inkalo unique amanzi - conductivity thermal. Kwakhona inceda ukugcina okusingqongileyo rhoqo lwangaphakathi. Amanzi enako ukugqithisa isixa zinto ubushushu ukusuka inxalenye emzimbeni, apho overabundant ukuba iiseli zomzimba apho awunazo.

Ngaphezu koko, thermoregulation ithwalwa kwaye ngenxa ke komphunga amanzi. Ukupholisa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inguqu ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye aphule imixokelelwane hydrogen. Kwaye oku, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, oko kufuna ukuba inkcitho enkulu kakhulu amandla.

skeleton hydrostatic

Indima wamanzi ebomini yeseli ayipheli apha. Le incindi yomzimba ephambili inomnye umsebenzi: oko phantse akayeki. Olu phawu ivumela emanzini ukuze isebenze njenge amathambo hydrostatic ehokweni. Amanzi kudala uxinzelelo turgor, ngaloo ndlela kujongwa iimpawu iiseli ezifana kunye nezihlunu ezinkulu kunye nokomelela. Kulula ukuqonda ukuba yintoni indima yamanzi esiseleni, kule ndlela, ukuba ukhangela imithi. Imilo aziqhelileyo amagqabi idaliwe yi xi phezulu iiseli. Imizekelo enjalo ehlabathini organic mass. Umzekelo, iphetshana lisaziwa jellyfish okanye ziintshulube zigcinwe kwakhona ngenxa skeleton hydrostatic. Ukulahleka iiseli yamanzi, ngokulandelelana, ikhokelela iinkqubo nguqu. Iqala ezithi: kubuna amagqabi, iziqhamo sofinyela, isikhumba ulahlekelwa luthambe.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba izinto uthutha

Iimolekyuli kwamanzi iibhondi hydrogen bayakwazi esingenanto kuphela enye kwenye, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto. Ngenxa yale intsebenziswano kubonakala phezu kwempixano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthutho kwezinto emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, ngenxa ukubumbana (adhesion iimolekyuli phantsi kwempembelelo kwemikhosi womxhuzulane, yaye kwimeko yamanzi - esebenzisa iibhondi hydrogen) na intshukumo izondlo kwi izityalo emithanjeni. Ngenxa kule propati njengoko amanzi engena umhlaba ngokusebenzisa kweenwele ingcambu kwisityalo.

Kwakhona, amaphaphu amandla ngaphezulu ivumela capillary kwegazi lwanyana nabantu. Amanzi libandakanyeka ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye kukhuthaza ezingasafunekiyo.

Kubonakala ukuba impendulo umbuzo othi "yintoni indima yamanzi ebuhlanti?" Ngaba kakhulu ilula - likhulu. Ngenxa iimpawu ezingundoqo isakhiwo molecule ye engamanzi inokuba zonke iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko, ngaphandle apho ubomi akunakwenzeka. Amanzi kwandisa reactivity kwezinto, ixhasa ukuma iiseli kunye nemibutho ebandakanyekayo kubonelelo yazo zonke kuyimfuneko, yinxalenye ngayo ezininzi chemical. Amanzi - umthombo wobomi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi isikweko. Zonke iinkqubo pathways ezinkulu ezinxulumene nayo, oko oxhasa impefumlelwano iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yezi iimpawu amanzi na into Ofuna kwindawo yokuqala ngexesha isifundo ezinye iiplanethi ukuzama ukuqonda ukuba alungele ebomini.