Ground-air medium: awohluke yokusingqongileyo kunye neempawu zayo

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kulo wethu, umhlaba bahlala phantsi kwemiqathango ethile, leyo bahambelana kwinqanaba lophuhliso, iimpawu zombutho kunye nomsebenzi eziphilayo. Ngubani kumiwa indawo komhlaba-moya? Iimpawu ze-bume, leyo yeyona kunezizwana, yaye kuza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

Yintoni indawo yokuhlala

Habitat for eziphilayo ngokuba yonke into esondeleyo kubo. Kwaye akukho izinto zendalo kuphela, kodwa oko kwenziwa ngabantu.

Kwezenkolo ukuchonga zokuhlala eziliqela. Lo komhlaba-umoya, amanzi, umhlaba. eziphilayo nako ukukhonza yokuhlala. Umzekelo, kwi imibhobho wamathumbu ezanyisayo parasitize iintlobo ezithile ziimpethu tyaba kwaye ngeenxa zonke.

Wokuhlangana zonke zokuhlala ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila. Le Iqokobhe Umhlaba, apho ubomi kunokwenzeka. Ke indoda kwimisebenzi yabo ukuze iinguqu ukuba izazi ziye imfundo engakumbi. Ibizwa ngokuba noosphere. Le Iqokobhe iplanethi okudalwe ezenziwa ngabantu.

amaqela eziphambili ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo

Zonke ngokoMthetho bume, nekufuneka zibe ngokwezinga emzimbeni, wathetha izinto nje lokusingqongileyo. Abasakwazi zahlukene. Kodwa yohlobo negalelo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela.

• Eyokuqala izisa ndawonye zonke izinto indalo ezingaphiliyo. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba abiotic. Esi sixa kwelanga, ubushushu emoyeni, ukufuma kunye nemitha radioactive, kwicala umoya kunye nohlobo nesimo sendawo. Kuba eziphilayo zasemanzini olu hlobo etyuwa kunye nemisinga.
• izinto zasemanzini odityanisiweyo impembelelo yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nolwalamano lwabo omnye komnye. Angaba okusoloko kuyinzuzo, cala et yokuphanga al.
• imisebenzi yabantu, litshintsha okusingqongileyo, imela iqela izinto zabantu.

Habitat yezinto eziphilayo

yokuhlala ngamnye iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neempawu. Umzekelo, amanzi engcono kunezinye izinto igcina ubushushu, ngoko ke oscillations ubushushu ekulo okungenamsebenzi. A isiphumo lomhlaba kunye ukukhanya nobushushu ngokubanzi kubekanye. Inxalenye umzimba yindlela ekumfimfitheni yobomi, ahlala kwamanye imizimba. Intshukumo kunye nokubaluleka iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwimeko enjalo nayo zigcinwe ubuncinane.

Iimpawu zomhlaba-air yokuhlala amanga neqiniso ukuba ezithathwe kakhulu kwaye zintsonkothile. Le iqiniso kwencazelo enengqondo.

Iimpawu ze-bume eziphilayo emhlabeni-air

Ukuntsonkotha isakhiwo kunye nemiqathango okusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe ibekwe kwindawo ekuhlangana inwebu ezininzi geographical - Isikhululo, bala - neatmosfere. Ngoko ke, eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo kuchatshazelwa yi izinto, nganye kuzo. iimpawu zabo zokusebenza kubavumela ukuba ukumelana utshintsho ngesiquphe kwamaqondo obushushu, utshintsho kwi umchiza ekwakheni umoya nokufuma.

izinto Abiotic ezi-bume umhlaba-air

Iimpawu ze zokuhlala emhlabeni-moya iquka izinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, ukuba ukuxinana lisezantsi umoya. Ukuxinana aphantsi zezulu ubunzima ivumela abahlali balo ukuba lula ukuhambisa emhlabeni okanye ukubaleka.

Enye into kukuba umoya siyahamba rhoqo. Oku "flow" ibonelela automated intshukumo abemi abaninzi kunye nemveliso yazo metabolic. Le mbewu yezityalo, imbewu ka nomngundo neentsholongwane, nezinambuzane ezincinane izilwanyana ezinamaqokobhe. Kulo mzekelo womoya kule meko iye index eliphantsi apho ngokuqhelekileyo ngu 760 mm HG. Tshintsha yale ubukhulu kukhokelela ukuhlukumeza nokomzimba abantu balapho. Ngoko, xa xi liyancipha ekwaziyo kwendawo ukunyibilika ioksijini kwi plasma yegazi. Ngenxa yoko, uba ukuphefumla ngaphantsi uba rhoqo ngakumbi, nto leyo ilahleko ngokugqithiseleyo ukufuma.

Eziphilayo nendawo komhlaba-air

Enye yezona zinto zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana. Ingakumbi kummandla isilwanyana-cum-moya, kwakunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ilele yokuba bonke kwinkqubo zazivelela ukuziqhelanisa olufundiweyo utshintsho ubushushu ngesiquphe, imozulu kunye namathuba kokutshintsha.

Ngokomzekelo, izityalo ezininzi ukuba imbalela kunye abandayo ulungiso kweengcambu namahlumela. Itswele kunye leek eTulip neengcambu womnqatha ze beet namagqabi amanzi zekhala igcinwa kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko. Imbewu ka iintsholongwane kunye nezityalo, iiseli zezilwanyana ezincane batshintshelwa iimeko ezinzima kwi imeko cysts. Kodwa ke, ziza kukhutshwa yi iqokobhe kwintsunguzi, yaye zonke iinkqubo pathways bancipha ubuncinane. Xa sele kugqityiwe ixesha ntle, iiseli yahlulwe mazigqithiselwe kubukho esebenzayo.

Kwizilwanyana ezininzi, umhlaba-air medium ezenziwa obunobunzima thermoregulation nobushushu wotshintshiselwano kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngenxa apho ubushushu bomzimba wabo luhleli luhleli kungakhathaliseki lonyaka.

Isiphumo factor anthropogenic

umsebenzi abantu batshintsha kakhulu okusingqongileyo emhlabeni-moya. Iimpawu ze-bume ababelapho zendalo yokuqala, uhlala ezinjalo, mhlawumbi, kuphela iintlango arctic. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi le ndawo yemvelo ka kuyo. Ngoko ke, ingakumbi izinto bume umhlaba-umoya amanga neqiniso ukuba nempembelelo enkulu imiba yabantu kuthelekiswa nabanye abahlali lalisiba eziphilayo.

Man kuguqula kwinkangeleko yendalo kunye kwendawo, ukutshintsha ubume igesi yeegesi, sisiseko lwemichiza yentlabathi kuchaphazela ukusulungeka kwamanzi. Ayizizo zonke izinto nexesha ukumelana nemozulu ezibangelwa ngempembelelo anthropogenic ngokukhawuleza. Ngelishwa, impembelelo engalunganga oluntu kwi-bume komhlaba-moya ngoku ezikhoyo phezu yonke imigudu ukusindisa ubomi.

Global ephathelele kokusijikelezileyo emhlabeni-air yokuhlala

Njengoko bachatshazelwa bume komhlaba-air eyenziwe ngabantu? Iimpawu ze-bume, izalathi yayo engundoqo emzimbeni kwiindawo ezininzi zendalo afanelekileyo ubomi, batshintsha. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela iingxaki zehlabathi lokusingqongileyo ehlabathini. umsebenzi Industrial kuye kwabangela utshintsho ekwakhiweni zerhasi emoyeni. Ngenxa yoko, umoya uyila elikhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho, uyazikhomba carbon dioxide baziqwebele oxides sulphur ne-nitrogen, freons. Isiphumo - global warming, yi greenhouse effect, ukutshatyalaliswa-ozone, imvula eneasidi, Lo mxube phezu imizi emikhulu.

Ngenxa yoko bolawulo oluyeke lokusingqongileyo kunciphisa ummandla uwonke amahlathi, ezo i "emiphungeni" iplanethi yethu, ukubonelela zonke ioksijini ephilayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izibonelelo kwezimbiwa badiniwe kunye nokwehla ukuchuma komhlaba.

Ngoko ke, lo ngowona bume umhlaba-moya ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Features Environment manga kwindawo yayo kwisiphambuka iimvulophu ezininzi zendalo ngeendawo. iimpawu yalo esentloko kukuba loxinano ephantsi, uxinzelelo nentshukumo khona umoya, rhoqo ukwakheka igesi esesibhakabhakeni, ukungabikho kozinzo lwe imo ubushushu, ukutshintsha iimeko zemozulu kunye namaxesha onyaka. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwindawo emhlabeni-komoya kuye ukufuma kunye nokusebenza lobushushu.