Yintoni na imvula nendlela zisasazwe kwiplanethi yethu

Mhlawumbi umntwana uza kukuxelela ukuba kwezulu enjalo. Imvula, ikhephu, nesichotho ... oko kukuthi, ukufuma ewela ukusuka esibhakabhakeni phantsi. Noko ke, asingabo bonke kukuxelela ngokucacileyo kuvela phi le amanzi. Kucacile ukuba ukususela amafu (nangona oku asingomqathango nzima kwaye fast), kodwa apho kukho amafu esibhakabhakeni? Ukuze siqonde unobangela kunye nendlela wayedlula phezu zethu iintloko, iishawa, imvula, nekhephu, ufumana imbono malunga ngokutshintshiselana al-ababini uMhlaba.

Kumphezulu ezilwandle kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo kwelanga ngumphunga. Ayibonakali umphunga iliso kuthe kwenyuka, nto leyo eya kungena emafini ezulu. Umoya uthwala ukuba nezwe, apho omnye kwezulu. ukufuma waseZulwini uyawa emhlabeni, emilanjeni kunye namachibi, kuba ingena kuloo komhlaba, etyisa imithombo. Kwelinye icala, imilambo emininzi, imilambo kunye nemisinga emikhulu kwiidreyini iilwandle kunye neelwandle. Ngenxa yoko kukho umjikelo hydrologic le Umhlaba - Kusasazwa rhoqo amanzi kumazwe ahlukeneyo emzimbeni wayo: umphunga, ulwelo kunye aqinileyo.

Mistake kukuba ukucinga ukuba kwezulu kufuneka ziwe ezulwini. Kwezinye iimeko, benza kwizifundo ezifana njengombethe, iqabaka okanye iqabaka, nkqu avuke ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ngathi inkungu. Oku kungenxa ezikucaphukisa amafu engqeleni, ukufuma nkxi umoya. Ukuba umzimba wamanzi kunomzimba umoya phezu kwawo, ngomphunga iimolekyuli H2O uyajiyiswa - Ifom inkungu okanye amafu ethwele imvula. Ukuba umoya ulwandle iqatsela loo nkqubo emuva: ubunzima amanzi umkhenkce ngathi imfunxa lokunciphisa komisa zezulu ekufunxeni kuyo.

Oku kucacisa into yokuba komoya kwi kummandla uMhlaba yokungalingani. Imfudumalo Gulf Stream ithwala Intsalela shushu ukusuka kuLwandle Caribbean ukuya ubuxoki intlomo kumantla Iceland. Ukufumana emoyeni obandayo, ukufuma iyekelela kwaye yenza ilifu nzima, ngaloo ndlela uze imozulu sezaselwandle of Western Europe. A kunxweme ntshona Afrika, Australia naseMzantsi Merika, inkqubo eyahlukileyo lwenzeka: flow abandayo womisa umoya yimvula ubunzima kwaye enze entlango, umzekelo, Namibia.

I-avareji imvula ehlabathini - malunga 1000 mm ngonyaka ngamnye, kodwa kukho iingingqi apho ukufuma iwela kakhulu mkhulu kwaye kukho iindawo apho imvula minyaka yonke. Ngoko ke, intlango bafumana amanzi ngaphantsi kwe-50 mm iintsuku ezingama-365, yaye ingxelo ngenxa yobuninzi amanzi osemazulwini Charrapundzha e-Indiya, apho ibekwe phezu kumathambeka olunomoya malayas kwintaba ephakame km ngaphezu kwesinye ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle - apho imvula iwela amawaka 12 eemilimitha square metre ngonyaka ngamnye . Kwezinye iindawo imvula edyokhweni zisasazwe amaxesha onyaka. Ngokomzekelo, xa imozulu subequatorial onyaka ezimbini kuphela: nobushushu. E Northern saseNtla ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi ulingana emphandeni, ngelixa iinyanga ezi-6 imvula eza ezishiyekileyo. Ixesha lokwaphusa ikwimeko 7% ngonyaka.

Indlela ukulinganisa ubungakanani ukufuma eyayiwe ezulwini? Ukuze wenze oku, kwizikhululo zemozulu kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - osadkometry kunye pluviograph. Oku ubungakanani indebe ye square 1 imitha, ezingadibenanga zonke ukufuma wasezulwini, kuquka imvula isiqina - ikhephu, iqhwa asandula iwile, isichotho, iingqalutye ikhephu ice neenaliti. bumpers ezizodwa ukunqanda ukhukhuliseko kunye nokwanda komphunga amanzi oluwe kwindebe. Abenzi boluvo lifumanisa ukuphakama imvula aqokelelwe: ngethuba izantyalantyala zemvula, umhla, inyanga nonyaka. Ukubala ukunyakama iindawo ezinkulu usebenzise indlela radar.