Yintoni na ke pampas eMzantsi Melika?

Kukho iindawo oko sikuvileyo, kodwa bambalwa bacinga ukuba. Kukwanjalo ke malunga pampas e Umzantsi Melika. igama umdla ezaziwayo ezininzi imigca ingoma. Oko kwaba kanye ngayo ngaphandle, inyathi kwi Pampas apho, kodwa kukho nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi umdla kunye nezityalo.

Yintoni pampas (pampas)?

Phantsi ezinjalo igama umdla ifihla ingqiqo kakhulu eziqhelekileyo kuthi - emathafeni. Ngoko ke, eneneni, le pampas. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ibekwe omnye kuphela indawo kwi emhlabeni - eMzantsi Merika. Pampa zinabela kwi emazantsi kuka meridional phakathi kwiintaba Brazil kunye Andes. It ezingqonge ichweba ka La Plata kuzo zonke zontathu macala, kwaye ngasezantsi nasempuma waphuma waya amanzi Atlantic Ocean. Uninzi ndawo iwela pampas ka Uruguay, kunye mpuma Argentina kunye nakumazantsi eBrazil.

Uncedo kunye nesakhiwo neznye

Emathafeni (pampas) zibe zithabazi tyaba okanye lihlangana. Inkululeko iphawulwa beman of Hercynian kunye Precambrian lwamawa meridional, nto leyo indibanisela kwimigongxo nzulu kunye namathafa flat. pampas Eastern ngcembe zidibana kunye ebizwa ngokuba yi-Western okanye ezomileyo, nto leyo inomda ngasentshonalanga imiqela Predkordiler clumpy. Bona bahlukana kwezinye iinxalenye eziphantsi kakhulu kwesikhoko (grabens). ezantsi yabo ithotywe kubunzulu eziimitha 2000, ukuba uya kuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga kwimihlaba saline, amachibi ityuwa okanye imigxobhozo.

iimeko zemozulu

Pampas yoMzantsi Merika, ukuba ibekwe kwindawo sezulu, ngoko phantse kuwo wonke lo nyaka, le ndawo iye iphenjelelwa khona umoya evela Atlantic Ocean. Umbilo (malunga nama-2000 mm ngonyaka), lusasazwe ngokulinganayo, imbalela zinqabile kakhulu. Noko ke, kumathafa olulophu Pampa aqalile uzive impembelelo yemozulu lizwekazi. Umbilo nciphisa (300-500 mm), waba iyunifom ngaphantsi, inkoliso yabo akhawunti ukuba emini ixesha.

Ukuba ingcamango yintoni pampas kwaye apho akukho nzima ukuba baqashele ukuba le ndawo lubonakala ngokuba ezishushu zasehlotyeni: iqondo lobushushu isusela ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya ku-45 ° C. It ifikelela ubuninzi ixabiso layo phakathi imilambo Paraná kunye Uruguay. Kuba elimi uphawuleka umoya kushushu yaye kukho ulophu abavela entla. amaqondo Umlinganiselo ebusika eneziphumo ezihle, kodwa maxa wambi bade yifake nengqele (-10 ° C de ummandla a pampas emanzi). Ikhephu kunqabile kakhulu kwaye linyibilike ngoko nangoko, nesigubungelo ayakhekanga.

Indawo ephakathi imilambo wankcenkcesha kakuhle nemingenela ezininzi Uruguay kunye Paraná. Noko ke, ukuya phambili, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kummandla Pampa inani omanzi imilambo ngaphantsi kakhulu, kwaye elomileyo ngokupheleleyo ke okwethutyana kunye ngokupheleleyo-elibaleka kuphela ngexesha kuvulelwa. Kodwa ke amanzi amtyuba komhlaba, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kuchaphazela enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Le flora ye pampas

Ngoku ke pampas yoMzantsi Melika isetyenziswa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwezolimo (umhlaba olimekayo, amadlelo kunye needolophana ecaleni kubo). izityalo zendalo kunye eziphila ezisagcinwe kuphela kwindawo encinane. Le nezihluma ukuba sisityebi, apha esilawulwa papa (1000 iintlobo). Izihluma ixhomekeke komhlaba kunye nemvula. Ngoko e Uruguay kunye nakumazantsi Brazil esilawulwa amahlathi. Bona izenze ezihlanjeni emlanjeni. Kuba enehlathi mahlathi iintlobo uphawu (Araucaria, uqalo, iti Paraguay, rombolistny yodina, quebracho, njalo njalo. D.) Yaye liana.

Kwizikhewu ezikule phakathi imilambo ukuba indawo okuziinkozo, nabo ekuhlalwa kuyo ngokupheleleyo intsimi pampas ifumile. singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo kufuneka zijonge njengoko pampas ingca, okanye cortaderia uSello (ingasentla). Esi sityalo unyaka wonke, lafikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 4. ISeva yeeFom ze besusa omkhulu ofana amaqhuma. Kuba ethile yalo phezulu zangaphandle kunye entlahleni entle (panicles ukuba mhlophe, pink okanye umthunzi nemfusa ukuya kwi-40 cm) ke athandwa kakhulu phakathi abalimi kunye egadini. pampas Dry luphawulwa kwemvula, ngoko ikhangeleka ngathi esiveza semi-entlango, umhlaba ochumileyo ngaphantsi, kukho isixa esikhulu umgxobhozo wetyuwa. Apha uhlaza kakhulu yaye imelwe emeveni, Cacti.

Izilwanyana i Pampa

Le izilwanyana iye kwakhona lenze iinguqulelo ezinkulu ngenxa kwimisebenzi yabantu. K lelona qela elikhulu kufuneka zibandakanye ezo abakwaziyo akhawuleze (zikhangela ukutya, amanzi nokhusi). Kuyinto ezimbalwa a marhamncwa (kubandakanywa Puma kunye Geoffroy kaThixo Cat), pampas amaxhama, Mustangs (amazwe kanye baseSpeyin kunye nehashe zasendle), Azarov Iopossum kunye nabanye.

Kuba Pampa kakhulu luphawulwa ngobuninzi eentlobo zeentaka kunye namabuzi. Inkoliso iintaka kudidi ndawonye. Zifika kule pampas ngenxa yokwakha kunye uqumbile. Ukuze sibale iimpawu nje ezimbalwa:.. Ipikaha, ibises, tinamou, njl Uhlobo yokugqibela ifuze eziqhelekileyo phezu nesakhwatsha, kodwa umbala liyaphapha luphuhle. Kwakhona ibhekisa abemi Pampas yenye intaka bamandulo - uRhea leenciniba (umfanekiso). Kweempuku yi nutria siphawule ixabisa, bizcacha.

Pampa, nemisebenzi yabantu

AbeLungu kuqala ukufunda oko pampas, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. Labantu bendawo wayenza kwintsimi kwezolimo nemfuyo ukufuya elide ngaphambi koko. Malunga 16-17 eminyaka kwayileka ezinawo ekhethekileyo labemi - ngabalusi gauchos. Bona semi-ephila, yaye ngokufuthi zithelekiswa kunye cowboy North American. I gauchos lokuqala abantwana basekhaya abafazi Indian ukusuka baseSpeyin. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, imisebenzi yabantu iye yatshintsha eziphila ngaphaya ingqalelo, phantse akukho kwikona kungachukunyiswa. Ngoku ngomnye weyona mimandla ebaluleke kakhulu yezolimo, kwakunye kwisithili kwezoshishino Argentina kaThixo. Pampa luphawulwa exineneyo yayo zinabantu. Ngoko ke, ama-75% abemi Argentina kaThixo abahlala kulo mmandla. Izixeko inkulu - Rosario, La Plata, Lujan, Santa Fe.

Xa pampas nsimu utyelwe malunga nama-85% yengqolowa nengqolowa, bazibonise ngaphezu kwe-60% yenani lilonke lemfuyo. Zonke ezi mveliso ozinikiweyo ngenxa becala athunyelwa ukusuka Argentina ukuya eYurophu.

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni pampas, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi: ukulima. Kule uqhagamshelo bekukho ezimbini iingxaki zokusingqongileyo: whittling phantsi lezityalo zendalo kunye nokuthotywa emathafeni ukusuka kwamadlelo. Noko ke, abasemagunyeni bamazwe aliqela bazama ukulungisa le meko kwaye ugcine ikhosistim ubuncinane ezikhuselweyo ngokukhethekileyo imimandla yendalo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo.