Koryaksky: inkcazelo, imbali. Mlilo yase ena

Namhlanje, abaphandi ena akazange eze kwisivumelwano kumba inani mlilo emhlabeni. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba akukho ngaphezu kwekhulu, abanye bakholelwa ukuba kukho amawaka. Loo zahlukile iimeko kuqikelelo ngenxa indlela ezahlukeneyo kulo mbuzo, hayi zonke mlilo kwi ena Peninsula esebenzayo, abaninzi babo namhlanje musa ukubonakalisa umsebenzi walo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba babonwa nje ekoneni.

Noko ke, into efana "mlilo", iingcali zikholelwa isalamane. Eyona nto kukuba mlilo uthathwa ukuba xa walondoloza ubungqina ukuba wakha isaqhuma. Kodwa oku kwenzeka ikhulu okanye iwaka leminyaka eyadlulayo.

Koryaksky - mlilo nokwenza, ibekwe eKamchatka, iikhilomitha mathathu anesihlanu ngasentla Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Kokwabo stratovolcano.

Koryaksky: uphi na mlilo?

Emva kweminyaka lokuqaphela kunye nophando, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba mlilo waqala ukwenza kumaxesha amandulo, ukuba ngqo, ngexesha Upper Pleistocene. Ekuqaleni, ukuma kwalo dubulo langoku mlilo entabeni ephakamileyo yabonakala ngeekhilomitha emibini enesiqingatha, nto leyo sifumaneka emva Pleistocene cone mihla. Le nto ndiyibhalayo basaltic-andesite kunye lavas andesitic.

History of igama

On iimephu mihla igama eliqhelekileyo Koryaksky. Kodwa lo gama mlilo kwakungenjalo. Kwinkulungwane XVII umkhenkethi edume eKamchatka SP Krasheninnikov kufundisiso lwabo kuthiwa mlilo abengaphezulu knoll.

Basekuhlaleni evela kwiilali ezingqonge afumaneka kwezi ndawo kwiglasi mlilo. Kuye ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngokukodwa, ukuba ukwenziwa yotolo. Oku kusenokuba sisizathu sokuba got igama layo sesibini salo mlilo kwi ena Peninsula.

Kamva, kwinkulungwane XIX, abantu basekuhlaleni, neenkomo adle ephila - Koryak, yaseka zokuhlala emazantsi entaba, baza yaziwa ngokuba "Koryak". Ngako oko, intaba igama Koryaksky. Kuye iyalungiswa yagcinwa kule mini.

Koryaksky: incazelo

I-mlilo yinxalenye yenkqubo Koryak-Avachinskaya kwaye ibekwe e East Ridge. Ngaphandle siveza imilo exabe cone rhoqo. Ngomhla ecacileyo liphume ikhangeleka kwazo Koryaksky, okuphakama ifikelela iimitha 3456.

Yintoni entabeni ephawulekayo?

Iimpawu zale ingxilimbela i isekisi ubudeki enkulu kweemitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu kumathambeka neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla kuzo ofika nelisemihlubulweni ezimbini glacier omkhulu, wamnqamla incam. Xa Uhlobo mlilo loluka stratovolcano. cone Its ubunjwe abangelwe nezakhiwo andesite, kwakunye nothuthu kunye udaka.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intaba imo yekona enkulu gqitha - up to degrees ezingamashumi amabini inxalenye ezisezantsi ukuya ku ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu degrees ukuya phezulu. Ena mlilo uye nelamaxandeka, wofika lungqamane, kwandiswe ukuya emazantsi Nemiqela, elithe layitshabalalisa amanzi aqukuqelayo. Zibonakala ngokucacileyo, nokuba zizaliswe ikhephu ice kunye.

komgodi

mngxuma Modern ise kwinxalenye esentshona le ngqungquthela. Ubukhulu bayo - angamakhulu amabini eemitha. iqhuma edlulileyo ekupheleni ezimashakeleyo kancinane. Enye mngxuma yamandulo ukwakweli kwicala elingasentla summit, apho isekisi igcinwe, ubunzulu abangaphezu kwekhulu yeemitha kanye ububanzi okwisithuba seemitha ezimakhulu mahlanu. Yena ngoku lixakekile glacier.

Zonke kwithambeka elingasemntla lo mlilo wayifulela namasimi ikhephu kunye ezihambayo. Baya ndasolula ukuya elunyaweni yeekhilomitha ezine. Kwaye kumathambeka asezantsi iinduli zigqunywe ngamahlathi of ezinde namatye pine ezincinanana. De kube ngoku, esi mlilo eKamchatka yinto esebenzayo, nangona ubukhulu balo akukho ncam ne ubunzulu iqhuma.

iindawo zolondolozo

Ena mlilo Koryak ibekwe kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo:

• Natural Park "Nalychevo", ngowe-1996 wangena endlwini UNESCO World List Heritage;
• Reserve State (zeBhayoloji) "mlilo ezintathu", wadalwa ngo-1994 ukuze bakhusele KwiMarmot omnyama ezigqunywe, iigusha bighorn, Gopher zavala ngenxa kuzingela iintlobo izilwanyana neentaka.

Umsebenzi mlilo

Mlilo Koryaksky engekaqondwa kakuhle. Noko ke, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukufumana ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka esixhenxe yokugqibela phezulu kwakukho iqhuma esixhenxe - kwiminyaka 5050, 1950 no 1550 BC, yaye ngowe-1890, 1926 no-1956. umsebenzi gqbl rekdiwe ngo-2008. Bendawo babukela mlilo umsi nothuthu kwi kwithambeka yasentshona. Ngenxa uthuthu plume lithatha 100 km.

Kuqhuma-1926 kwabakho ukuzola. Kwakungekho udubulo ukusuka udaka mngxuma laphalala ezolile. Kuqhuma yesibini, eyaqala ngo-1956, esebenza kakhulu ngakumbi. Iingcali zithi umntu Uyadubula. Ukususela umsantsa kwakhiwa, ubude leyo ezingamakhulu amahlanu, yaye ububanzi malunga neshumi elinesihlanu eemitha, iposi uthuthu waqhekeza negesi nokunyuka ukuya kubude eziliwaka elinamakhulu asixhenxe eemitha. Xa olu daka lushushu mlilo zirekhodwe.

Kwakhona bendawo bamangaliswa Koryaksky ngo-2008. Ukukhululwa entsha zegesi kunye nothuthu wadala trail, nto leyo ibanga amashumi leekhilomitha. Kodwa emva kolu dubulo bamlandela. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mlilo iyasebenza kunoko inqabile, ifakwa kuluhlu lwe mlilo eminyaka. Ukususela ngo-1996, wangena uluhlu lwe kwiincopho elinesithandathu leyo zifundwa UN Commission (IAVCEI),. Bona ingqalelo kakhulu yingozi ngenxa kufutshane nokuhlaliswa kwabantu.

Bendawo umsebenzi mlilo waqonda kakhulu ngokuzola, ukubiza nje "i Koryak Ukuzilawula Area," yaye xa uyatshaya - bathi mlilo uyatshaya. Snowboarders ziye zaphawula elide ukunyibilika komkhenkce, apho ibekwe phezu kummango, nto leyo eqinisekisa kuphela umsebenzi wayo. Ukususela iinduli ukuqala Paratunski kwimithombo abaziwayo ashushu.

Koryaksky: ukucaca

Ngoku ke mlilo ithule. On amathambeka alo iigesi ezintathu imveliso fumarole, leyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo apho ubushushu +273 ° C. mlilo Koryak kuthandeka climbers ezintabeni onamava. iintaba eweni amathambeka ngokwaneleyo yenza lisanyuka entsonkothileyo kakhulu, efuna ezinye uqeqesho kunye nobuchule. Ngelishwa, sabulala angaboyisi eziliqela ongenamava kwamantloko yentaba babebiza imali amandla abo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Koryak mlilo, yinto eyaziwayo ekuhlaleni ngenxa kumathambeka, barranco enzulu musa ukuphazamisa abakhenkethi eziqhelekileyo, ne? Ngethamsanqa, ayizange ulimise ascensions abaninzi, njengoko, umzekelo, i-Avachinskaya top angabamelwane.

Boyisa lokuqala mlilo

Kukholelwa ukuba ngowokuqala ukufikelela intloko yazo mlilo Koryak semvelo kunye inqanawa Russian ugqirha "Alexander" - F. V. Shteyn. Le ukunyuka kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1821. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu kwakusazeka ukuba ngenkulungwane XX, kuqala ndakhwela mlilo ngowe-1934, ekhokelwa unondaba Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Steblichem.

Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, waphumelela encotsheni umfazi wokuqala - uPauline Sushkova. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, lo mfazi ukhaliphe phantse ahlaselwa kuqhambuko Avacha mlilo, owenzeka ngoFebruwari 1945.

Lo mlilo ibekwe neekhilomitha nje ezimashumi mathathu ezivela Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. phezulu yayo ezahlukileyo iindlela ukuntsonkotha - ukusuka 1B 3A. climbers abanamava bathi Nngokobuchwepheshe nokukhwela akukho nzima kakhulu. Noko ke, libanzi kumsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni ngenxa umahluko yobude.

Qalisa yanyukela lwenziwa kunye kubonelele ngendawo, ukusuka apho zithunyelwa embaleki indlela. Kubhaliwe zisendaweni ukuphakama kuyimitha ezilithoba. Ekhwela encotsheni, ungenza iintsuku omnye okanye emibini. umzila ujikeleze wesuka, kunjalo, iye kuneengxaki zako. Okokuqala, oku ekhathaza imfuneko yokuphakamisa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini kweemitha zokulala iibhegi, intente, itotshi, ukutya kunye namanzi.

Khwela ngenye imini, kuthatha akukho ngaphezulu kwe elinanye - iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini. Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza, malunga ezine - ezintlanu iiyure. Elona xesha lililo ngokunyuka i Koryak climbers mlilo siqwalasele ixesha ukususela phakathi-Epreli ukuya ekupheleni kukaJuni. Ngeli xesha akukho kuneqabaka kakhulu, yaye zonke izitenxo namageduka kunye rock evakalala nangoku wambu ikhephu ngengubo ukholosile.

Ukongeza, ngeli xesha, iluncedo kuhla ukusuka mlilo kwi snowboards okanye nasemkhenkceni. Yanyukela ungenza abantu izakhono ezisisiseko iintaba - ukuze akwazi ukuhamba inyanda, neyokusebenzisa izembe ice kunye crampons. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ngendlela elungileyo emzimbeni. climbers abanamava iingcebiso wabaqalayo ukuzama isandla sabo ekuqalekeni, ukuya Avacha mlilo, okuphakama kweemitha 2751.

Le iimbaleki indlela zithunyelwa ukusuka kubonelele ngendawo enye. Kwabasaqalayo Avacha mlilo luhlobo umngeni, yaye ukuzilolonga olungileyo phambi kokuba ukwenyuka ngakumbi kakhulu.

Musa ukulibala malunga nezixhobo ezizodwa, ngaphandle apho ayikwazi ukwenza ezintabeni. Nalu uluhlu lwezinto ezifunekayo:

• ibhegi yokulala;
• intente;
• crampons kunye ice nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi;
• iiglavu eshushu;
• ibhatyi phantsi ayisindi;
• ubuso imaski (ukukhusela umoya);
• iiglavu ukukhanya;
• sangaphantsi emhlabeni;
• iblukhwe ukusuka ndizayo inyama;
• iikawusi thermal;
• ukucaca iibhutsi;
• Snowboard okanye izixhobo ski (sicwangcise ekuhleni ukusuka mlilo),
• ezincamathelayo iselwa (ilitha 1);
• izibuko;
• ayehamba izinti;
• elangeni.

Indlela ukuya apho?

Ukususela imizi Russian ka Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky idibanisa umoya kunye nolwandle links. Yelizovo Airport, fayo mzi ngamazwe. Ukusuka apho kukho moya rhoqo ukuba izixeko ezininzi eRashiya (Vladivostok, eMoscow, iyavuma, eSt Petersburg, Magadan, Krasnoyarsk, naseNovosibirsk kunye nabanye). Ukongeza, baleka umoya yasekhaya in Ust-Kamchatsk, Ozernovsky, Palani, Nikolskoye (Umyaleli Islands), Ossorio. Of zokuhlala ezisezidolophini ukongezwa Moss, Avacha, Nagorny, Dolinovka ukuya mlilo linokufikeleleka ngebhasi.

Ngokwembono bonke abubonileyo Koryaksky, okunoneleyo ngokobuhle engaqhelekanga bendalo kunye namandla. Vulcan yenza bayilibale nkqu nabo kubakhenkethi musa ukwenza nokunyuka, ngoko ukuba unalo ithuba lokutyelela e Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, qiniseka ukuba atyelele endulini.