Computer Charles Babbage. Biography, iimbono kunye nezi uCharles Babbage

Charlz Bebbidzh - yezibalo IsiNgesi kunye umsunguli, owadala yokuqala yekhompyutha oluzenzekelayo digital. Ukongeza, wanceda ukudala IsiNgesi inkqubo yeposi mihla yaye amacwecwe yokuqala ethembekileyo actuarial, wasungula uhlobo isantya kunye puteochistitel kaloliwe.

Biography of Charles Babbage

Wazalelwa eLondon ngoDisemba 26, Ngo1791 kwintsapho iqabane ebhankini xa Praeds Benjamin Babbage, umnini Bitton Estate Teignmouth kunye Betsi Plamli uhlobo. Ngowe-1808 le ntsapho yagqiba ekubeni bafudukele Old Road House, ibekwe e East Teignmouth, kunye noyise wakhe igosa of St. Michael ibandla asebumelwaneni.

Uyise Charles umntu othile osisityebi, ukuze akwazi ukufunda izikolo ezimbalwa abakhethekileyo. Eneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala kwakufuneka aye esikolweni lali ukuze umntu izifo eziyingozi. Abazali bakhe bagqiba ukuba ingqondo yomntwana, "kufuneka ukuba zizame kakhulu." Ngokutsho Babbage, "le sobuvila mkhulu kuye kwakhokelela yokuqiqa abantwana bakhe."

Emva koko ababhalise esikolweni King Edward VI e Totnes, South Devon, isikolo eliqhuba ebanzi, leyo isebenza kule mini, kodwa imeko yempilo ngexesha anyanzele noCharles ukuba babuyele tutors zabucala. Ekugqibeleni wafika abafundi Academy 30 ivaliwe, elikhokelwa uMfundisi Stiven Friman. Eli ziko inophawu ilayibrari ebanzi, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa Babbage izibalo self-wafunda ukuthanda oko. Emva kokuhamba Academy, waba ngumcebisi ezimbini zobuqu. Omnye wabo yaba umfundisi yaseCambridge, apho imfundiso uCharles wathi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ". Ndiyoyika ukuba Andifundanga zonke iingenelo ukuba singaba" Omnye unjingalwazi e Oxford. Wafundisa ezakudala kaCharles Babbage, ukuba yamkelwe ku eCambridge.

Ukufunda eyunivesithi

Ngo-Oktobha 1810, Babbage wafika Cambridge ababhalise kwi-Trinity College. Yena waba imfundo esemagqabini - आयडेंटीफिकेशन iSazisi wayesazi Leibniz, Lacroix, Simpson kwaye kakhulu wadaniswa iinkqubo ezikhoyo zezibalo. Ngoko ke, yena noYohane iHerschel, George odontodactylus, kunye nezinye abahlobo bagqiba ukwenza i Analytical Society.

Xa ngo-1812 Babbage wathunyelwa kuPetros House Cambridge, waba sezibalo ilungileyo; kodwa yena akazange isidanga iimbeko. degree Wawongwa wamkela kamva, nokuba ngaphandle kokugqitha iimviwo ngo-1814.

Ngowe-1814 Charlz Bebbidzh watshata Georgiana Whitmore. Uyise, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, akazange wasisikelela. Intsapho yayihlala ngoxolo e London, e Devonshire Street, 5. kuphela ezithathu abantwana babo abasibhozo basinda abantu abadala.

Bawo Charles, nomkakhe, omnye woonyana bakhe zafa kabuhlungu ngo-1827.

project computer

Ngemihla Charles Babbage ekubaleni iitafile zezibalo ngokufuthi senze impazamo, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni afumane indlela entsha eza kuyenza athutha, ukuphelisa impazamo abantu. Le mbono wazalelwa kuye bakhe kakhulu, ngo-1812.

izinto ezintathu ezahlukeneyo negalelo ukwamkelwa sigqibo:

• wayengayithandi ukungakhathali kunye inaccuracy;
• ngayo iitafile lula lwe logarithm olusezantsi;
• Siye aphefumlelwa umsebenzi ezikhoyo yokubala koomatshini W. Schickard, B. Pascal kunye Leibniz.

imigaqo esisiseko ye isixhobo ukubala, yena kuxoxwa kwileta eya Nkosi H. Davy ekuqaleni kuka 1822.

injini umahluko

Babbage thaca into ebizwa ngokuba "umahluko injini", i Royal Astronomical Society Juni 14, 1822 ngo iphepha elinomxholo othi "Amanqaku ngokusetyenziswa kumatshini kubalwa iitafile ngeenkwenkwezi zemathematika." Waba ukubala polynomials usebenzisa indlela ngamanani ebizwa umahluko.

Society yamkele ingcamango, yaye ngowe-1823 urhulumente wamnika £ 1,500 kwi sakhiwo sakhe. Babbage wenza kwelinye lamagumbi zikamasifundisane ikhaya lakhe baqesha Dzhozefa Klementa ukongamela ulwakhiwo ifowuni. inxalenye nganye kwakufuneka ukuba yenziwe ngesandla ngoncedo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, uninzi lwazo uye phambili. UCharles wenza lukhulu yeehambo kumashishini kwimizi ukuqonda ngcono iinkqubo zemveliso. Ngokusekelwe kwezi hambo kunye namava akhe ekudaleni koomatshini ngo-1832 Babbage lapapasha iphepha "kuqoqosho oomatshini kunye nemveliso." Yaba upapasho lokuqala into namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba "umbutho yenzululwazi kwimveliso."

ebuhlungu kunye uhambo oluya eYurophu

ukufa umkakhe Georgiana, uyise ka-Charles Babbage kunye nonyana wakhe emlonyeni ukwakhiwa ngo-1827. Imisebenzi umthwalo kuye ngamandla, waye esengozini kokuwa. Dzhon Gershel kunye nabanye abahlobo eziliqela waqiniseka Babbage kwenza uhambo oluya eYurophu ukuze achache. Wahamba nge Netherlands, Belgium, eJamani, eItali, ukutyelela iiyunivesithi kunye noshishino.

E Italy, wafunda ukuba wamiselwa esiba Professor of Mathematics kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Ekuqaleni, yena wayefuna ukuyeka, kodwa abahlobo wamcenga ngenye indlela. Ukubuyela kwakhe eNgilani ngowe-1828 waya kuhlala Dorset Street, 1.

ekuqhubekeni

Ngexesha lokungabikho projekthi yenjini Umahluko Babbage liye kufika phantsi ngomlilo. Amarhe ukuba wayichitha imali karhulumente ukuba lo matshini ayisebenzi yaye oko bekuya kuba akukho isiphumo esenziwayo ukuba sele yenziwe. Dzhon Gershel kunye Royal Society u sirhelele esidlangalaleni le projekthi. Urhulumente waqhubeka inkxaso yalo ngokunika £ 1,500 Aprili 29, 1829, iikhilogram 3,000 ngoDisemba ka-3, kwaye Februwari efanayo 24, 1830. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi, kodwa Babbage rhoqo kunzima ukufumana imali zobuncwane.

Ukushiywa yeprojekthi

iingxaki zemali ze Charles Babbage ehambelana ukuqhubela phambili ngasolinye uClement. Babbage ikhaya labo wakha ezinemigangatho emibini, workshop imitha-15-elide. Waye uphahla yeglasi sikhanyise, kwakunye igumbi engangenwa acocekileyo kugcino umatshini. Clement wala ukuba kuyiwe evenkileni entsha afuna imali ukuba ukujikeleza isixeko ukongamela umsebenzi. Ukusabela Babbage wamcela ukuba afumane intlawulo ngqo kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo. Clement wala wayeka umsebenzi kwi projekthi.

Ngaphezu koko, akazange avume ukuya kunikezela imizobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ukwenza injini Umahluko. Emva imali £ 23,000, kuquka £ 6,000 kolingano Babbage, umsebenzi kwisixhobo gqitywanga wayeka ngo 1834. Ngo-1842, urhulumente bamshiya ngokusesikweni le projekthi.

Charlz Bebbidzh kunye injini Analytical

Kude Umsunguli injini Umahluko ndaqalisa ukucinga malunga eziphuculweyo uhlobo. Phakathi-1833 no 1842, uCharles wayezama ukwakha isixhobo esinokumiselwa ukuba avelise naluphi na ukubala, ezinxulumene kungekuphela quadratic polynomial. Sesona sisombululo lokuqala weza xa usenokubhekiswa imveliso ye izixhobo kwi igalelo layo ukuze izisombululo ngakumbi zibalo. Wachaza njengento nomatshini "utya umsila wayo." Akazange athathe ixesha elide ukuchonga izinto eziphambili injini yohlalutyo.

UCharles Babbage computer ukuba ufake idatha kunye nemiyalelo malunga izibalo eziyimfuneko kusetyenziswa amakhadi punch, waboleka ukusuka Jacquard yomluki. Izixhobo ibe iinxalenye ezimbini: okusila kunye nokugcinwa. Mill, ulungelelene iprosesa ye yanje computer, ukwenza imisebenzi kwi-lwazi ezithathwe kwi yogcino, leyo ozakuthathwa kwinkumbulo. Yaba ikhompyutha jikelele-injongo yokuqala yehlabathi.

Computer Charles Babbage yenzelwe ngo-1835. Isikali luni lomsebenzi ngempela. Babbage namahlakani eziliqela ndadala 500 imizobo noyilo enkulu, 1,000 amaphepha zeesimboli mechanical kunye neenkcazelo sheets 7,000. Ukugqitywa okusila waba 4.6 m ukuphakama kwaye 1.8 m ubukhulu. Ukugcinwa 100 lamasuntswana kudluliselwe 7.6 m. Kuba kumatshini yabo entsha Babbage wakha lamaqhosha uvavanyo encinane. Ngokupheleleyo zange lugqitywe umatshini. Ngowe-1842, emva kokuba imizamo abangaphumelelanga ukufumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente, waphethukela Nkosi Robert Peel. Wala kwaye endaweni bamnika liqhawe. Babbage wala. Waqhubeka aguqule kancinane kwaye nokuphucula uyilo kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.

Sisidwangube of Lovelace

Ngo-Oktobha 1842, Federiko Luidzhi, jikelele Italian kunye kwezezibalo, wapapasha inqaku malunga Analytical Engine. Augusta Ada King, sisidwangube of Lovelace, umhlobo abangamagqala Babbage, liguqulelwe umsebenzi kwi IsiNgesi. UCharles wamcela ukuba ukunika kumanqaku translation. Phakathi 1842 no-1843 isibini amanqaku kunye ebhaliweyo 7, ubude bawo kathathu ubukhulu Rule yale manqaku. Ngo omnye wabo Hell walungisa itafile nkqubo, izinto ezadalwa Babbage ukubala amanani Bernoulli. Kwenye, wabhala ngayo umatshini ngokubanzi aljibra ukuba unako ukwenza imisebenzi kunye mMn Inyanga njenge nani amanani. Lovelace Mhlawumbi kuqala ukuqonda injongo eziqhelekileyo izixhobo Babbage, yaye abanye bakugqala ukuba computer yokuqala yehlabathi. Waqalisa ukusebenza encwadini, ezichaza injini yohlalutyo iinkcukacha ngakumbi, kodwa ukuba andinalo ixesha ayigqibe.

mangaliso engineering

Kweli xesha phakathi kuka-Oktobha 1846 ukuya kuMatshi 1849 of Babbage waqalisa yokuyila umahluko yesibini kumatshini, esebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ukudala uhlalutyo zabo. It yasetyenziswa iziqwenga 8000 kuphela, izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kwe kwi kuqala. Yaba ummangaliso zobunjineli.

Mu kuya kwa nshita kuhlalutyo, leyo yena tweaked ihlenga rhoqo, injini Umahluko yesibini emva kokugqitywa kwesigaba yophuhliso sokuqala kutshintsha. Kwixesha elizayo, umqambi wenza Akukho zinzame ukwakha kwisixhobo.

24 umzobo wahlala yokugcina ye Museum of Science, kude uCharles Babbage izimvo zaphunyezwa 1985-1991, ukudalwa umfanekiso opheleleyo kumsitho isikhumbuzo 200th lokuzalwa kwakhe. isixhobo Imilinganiselo wenza 3.4 m ubude, 2.1 m ubude ne-46 cm nobunzulu, ubunzima baso - iitoni 2.6. mida Ukuchaneka kwakushokoxekile kumaxabiso aokusetyenziswa ngexesha.

impumelelo

Ngowe-1824, Babbage waphumelela Molteno Gold of the Royal Astronomical Society "ngenxa wokusungula ngayo umatshini yokubala iitafile zemathematika kunye ngeenkwenkwezi".

Ukususela 1828 ukuya 1839 Babbage waba esiba Professor of Mathematics eCambridge. Uye ebhaliweyo inani kweempepha lwezenzululwazi, kwaye waba negalelo ekudalweni Astronomical Society ngo-1820 kwaye yaManqaku Society ngo-1834.

Ngowe-1837, esabela kwigosa 8 Bridgewater othi "Xa amandla, ubulumko nokulunga bukaThixo siwubona Creation", yena yapapasha lesithoba Bridgewater imbali ukubeka phambili ingcamango yokuba uThixo, ilifa omnipotence wokuyenza, wadala mthetho lukaThixo, ukuvelisa imithetho ( okanye iinkqubo) apho ke ngoko iintlobo ngexesha elifanelekileyo wadala, ngaleyo ndlela asuse imfuneko yokuba enze imimangaliso lonke ixesha elifunekayo ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha. Le ncwadi iqulethe zicatshulwa ukusuka imbalelwano umbhali kunye John iHerschel ngalo mba.

Charlz Bebbidzh nazo zafumana iziphumo ephawulekayo zokufihlakeleyoComment. Wayaphula umatshini cipher, kwakunye cipher buthathaka kakhulu ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba Vigenère cipher. Babbage Ivula ukuba esetyenziswa yi emkhosini British kwaye yapapashwa kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Ngenxa yoko, unelungelo igunya wagqithela Frederick Kasiski, oweza into efanayo kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.

Ngowe-1838 Babbage wasungula puteochistitel, ifreyim yesinyithi eqhotyoshelwe phambi kaloliwe, esusa imiqobo endleleni. Kwakhona yabamba iqela lezifundo Enkulu Western Railway Isambard Brunel Kingdoma.

Yena kanye kuphela bezama ukungena ezopolitiko xa 1832 wathabatha inxaxheba kunyulo kwidolophu Finsbury. Emva ivoti, Babbage wathabatha indawo yokugqibela.

Sezibalo kunye umsunguli, wafa-Oktobha 18, 1871 eneminyaka engama-79.

Iinxalenye amalungiselelo engagqitywanga iikhompyutha zidalwe nguye ziyafumaneka ukuba atyelele Science Museum eLondon. Ngowe-1991 yayakhiwe Umahluko Engine ngokusekelwe izicwangciso yayo yoqobo, kwaye esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.