Yintoni umahluko ovogenesis of spermatogenesis?

Kweli phepha sicebisa ukuba abele Ngokungafaniyo ovogenesis of spermatogenesis, uthethe ngokwabo ezi nkqubo. Kakade ke, asiyi kushiya ngaphandle ingqalelo kunye intsholongwane iiseli, chaza iinkcukacha yesakhiwo umsebenzi.

Veliswa - oku yeyona njongo iphambili zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu, ukuba kuyanceda kuqhubeka nomlibo, oko kukuthi, iplanethi yethu soze kulamba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngoku inani eziphilayo, ingakumbi abantu, anda zejometri ukuqhubela phambili. Iqanda kunye amadlozi - ukuba iiseli zesini kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda ngokulandelelana. Kuyinto abo iya kunikezelwa kwinqaku lethu. Phantsi Gametogenesis waqonda inkqubo ukubunjwa gametes. Xa kuziwa somyeni, ibizwa ngokuba spermatogenesis, ukuba kwiiseli iqanda, lo oogenesis. Konke oku ngokweenkcukacha, uya kufunda kuyo.

gametogenesis

Oogenesis kunye spermatogenesis, umahluko phakathi ababengengabo ebaluleke kakhulu, kangangokuba uninzi iimpawu zayo ezifanayo, ibe ngokuba ligama - "umgca lwegciwane". nayo kancinci ngoku ngakumbi.

Okokuqala, hlolisisa ezi ngcamango, sinako bokwahlula amagama amabini: "gamete" yaye "genesis", owokugqibela ulwimi Greek elinokuguqulelwa njenge - "isiqalo". Oko ngokoqobo elithi "intsholongwane umgca" lithetha "imvelaphi gametes." Gametes - a okuzala ebantwini - somyeni, abafazi - eqandeni. Gametogenesis ngokwayo kwakhona kwahlulwa ngesini: gametogenesis esivulekayo emzimbeni womntu, ubizwa ngokuba spermatogenesis, kwaye emzimbeni lomfazi - oogenesis. Kodwa apha ukuza umahluko yokuqala yale nkqubo. Oogenesis uqala ngaphambi kokuba azalwe azalwe amantombazana kunye spermatogenesis sibonakala kubafana bafikelele kwiminyaka ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka 12-13.

mbile amantombazana

Inkqubo egg Ukwakheka, oko kukuthi, oogenesis kwenzeka esizalweni, ngexesha lokufikisa, okanye mandithi sikwinqanaba lokuqala, olubalelwa malunga neminyaka esithoba. Sinikezela ingqalelo isigaba kancinci kakhulu girls lokufikisa:

• Isigaba 1 - ukunyusa ukukhula, kukho iimeko xa intombazana ukuzuza iisentimitha ngaphezulu kwe-10 ubude, loo nto ithathwa eqhelekileyo. Njengoko umthetho, namhlanje amantombazana bebodlula amakhwenkwe.
• Isigaba 2 - ukutshintsha neempawu zesini eziziisekondari. intombazana Malunga 12 neminyaka ubudala luyaqala ukuba ukuphuma emilise ledada elibi. Uqala ukukhula amabele, kunciphise esinqeni, ukhule iinwele kwindawo zikawonke wonke kunye amakhwapha. Malunga kule ndawo wake alondolozwe iqanda aqalise ukuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwabo. Kungekudala, intombazana ufunda ukuba nyanga.
• Isigaba sesithathu - Inqanaba lokugqibela. Weza malunga-18 iminyaka. Ngoku yena kucingwa ukuba abunjwe ngokupheleleyo, oko ziyazala ophile.

mbile Boy

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, amantombazana kwakhiwa iqanda esibelekweni, amakhwenkwe zonke ehambe eyahlukileyo. amadlozi ziqala uphuhliso lwabo kuphela xa ifikelela iminyaka 12-14. Phambi kweli nqanaba lokufikisa kwakhona utshintsho:

• kwandisa ubukhulu lobudoda;
• ukunyuswa samatyhalarha;
• ekhula iinwele zikawonke wonke, amakhwapha, imilenze kunye nobuso.

Emva kokuba iminyaka 12-14 Lomfana sele ukuqala ukuba ngesondo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukulumkisa abazali bakhe, kuba kaloku yena angenza sele ukuba ukukhulelwa ekuqaleni engamkelekanga neqabane lakhe. Ngoku uqhubeke ngqo iiseli yintsholongwane inkunzi nemazi, sibheka ubume babo, zigaba ukwakheka, iimfano neeyantlukwano.

iqanda

Masiqalise kunye iiseli zesini nemazi, abalinganiswa of oogenesis thina ingqalelo kancinci kamva. Okokuqala, sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele ubume kunye nomsebenzi eqandeni.

Iqanda mkhulu kakhulu kwaye iseli esisigxina, imilinganiso yalo ukufikelela microns 170, nto leyo eyindoda kakhulu ngakumbi iiseli intsholongwane (ukuya kwi-70 microns). Ngamnye kubo iqulethe izondlo kuyimfuneko, apho siza kubona:

• izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze biosynthesis le protini;
• izinto zokulawula;
• sac.

Iiseli kuwabela inani zamaqanda:

• ku aletsitalnye;
• politsitalnye;
• mezotsitalnye;
• oligoletsitalnye.

Ukusuka isixa kungafumaneka kakhulu enkulu, ngokulandelelana. Ukuba sicinga neqanda elisesibelekweni sebhinqa, oko ekunokuthiwa aletsitalnomu kunye nohlobo izoletsitalnomu. Oko kukuthi, kukho ezincinane sac, leyo kunokucaciswa kukuba umbungu aguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze gematotrofnomu uhlobo lokutya. uhlobo Izoletsitalny kuthetha ukuba sac iqanda ngokulinganayo eyabiwa isiqalo kwiziko elo.

Iqokobhe iqanda unalo kulandelayo:

• kukho icytoplasm;
• esingxotyeni kukhuseleko;
• isithsaba obuma-.

Zonke amaqokobhe babe zikhusela, musani ukuba angene kungena iqanda madlozi ngaphezu kwesinye ezifunekayo ukuze si-. Bonke abanye uthintelwe.

Ngoku khetha umsebenzi iqanda:

• ekuqinisekiseni amandla umbungu;
• ngokubonelela kwibakala umbungu zokuqala kwezondlo.

isidoda

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isidoda - iseli sex oyindoda, kodwa oko kusebenza njani? Sinikezela ingako sihlolisise lo mbuzo. Imbonakalo gametes ungabona kwi iifoto kweli candelo. Xa isakhiwo yayo la macandelo alandelayo:

• intloko;
• entanyeni;
• indawo ephakathi;
• ngumsila wena.

Intloko ngumongo isidoda uzaliswe, ke yena owenza ulwazi amafa. Ngexesha kokukhulelwa, iqanda udlula it up. Sex umntwana uxhomekeke kanye kwi yobudoda. Ukuba uthwele X chromosome, kuya kuba intombazana, ukuba Y, ngoko inkwenkwe.

Intamo uboniswa njenge exineneyo encinane phambi inxalenye phakathi yobudoda, le nxalenye onoxanduva intshukumo esebenzayo, kungenjalo bekuya kuba nzima isichumiso.

Okulandelayo kufika umzimba, yona ngamandla ngenxa ihamba gametes. Le umsila imelwe yomsila, nto leyo ngumsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuba ukuhamba.

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele iimpawu spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis, sicebisa ukuba kubabela elo umsebenzi ezingundoqo amadlozi - ingxelo genetic material ukuya iqanda.

ovogenesis

Masiqalise lokusekwa kwiiseli ababhinqileyo lokuzala, khetha ixesha ovogenesis kunye nenkcazelo nganye. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa isigaba:

• nokuzalana kwazo;
• ukukhula;
• ekukhuleni.

Ngoku ke sele kubizwa umahluko ovogenesis wokuqala spermatogenesis kwimeko yokuqala ukuvela iiseli ababhinqileyo lokuzala (oocytes), kwaye eyesibini - inkunzi (isidoda). Makhe elichaza kwisigaba ngasinye oogenesis.

Eqongeni yokuzala ezifumanekayo parenchyma iiseli yokuqala (intsholongwane) umsantsa yi mitosis. Ngoko, kwi uthinte umaleko ovarian oluhlala oogonia. Bandisa:

• protein;
• amafutha;
• glucose.

Ngoku zahluke kakhulu langaphambili, eli oogonia ngenxa germinal enkulu kakhulu, kodwa ufuzo lwawo lunjani efanayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo lwenzeka phambi kokuzalwa intombazana, into esibelekweni.

Inqanaba elilandelayo kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba intombazana ehlabathini. Eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba lokukhula. Ngoku kukho ukwahlulwa mitosis, ngoko oocytes yomyalelo kuqala. Ethelekiswa oogonia zibe ezincinane, kodwa ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka ubukhulu. Ngoku oocytes ukulinda sohlolo, bezifumana granulosa ekuthinjweni iqokobhe uvingce nqanaba yophuhliso follicle ekwakuphila. Lilonke inani leeseli ezinjalo, kukho malunga nezigidi ezibini, kodwa ke uphuhliso ngakumbi iya kuba kuphela ezinye zazo (malunga 450).

Inqanaba lesithathu (nokwanda) yenzeka nje kokuba ngenyanga intombazana yokuqala. Enye zoboya aleleyo uvumbulula kwaye liqhubeka uphuhliso wayo, nto leyo ethintela malunga 12-13 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

spermatogenesis

Sele benze mahluko omnye ovogenesis (uphuhliso iiseli ezahlukeneyo lwegciwane) zokufunda kwakhona ezahlulwe kwi spermatogenesis nokuba oogenesis kuqala phambi kokuzalwa intombazana, kodwa inkqubo spermatogenesis - xa ufikelela kwiminyaka 12-14. Sele ezichongiweyo differences ezimbini, ngoko ingabonisa kwakhona ukubethelela ulwazi.

sigaba spermatogenesis zahlukile kancinane amanqanaba oogenesis (phambi kwenye inqwanqwa). Ukwahlula ezi zigaba zilandelayo spermatogenesis:

• nokuzala;
• ukukhula;
• nokwanda;
• ukwakheka.

Apha sibona ukufana ezi nkqubo, amanyathelo amathathu okuqala ayafana, kuphela kwinqanaba luphela nokwanda ovogenesis, nemveliso sperm iqhubeka, ukuqala ibakala ukubunjwa.

umahluko

Wena ziphantse wagqiba ukufunda eli nqaku, zama yona ngokwakho - abize ukungaboni spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis. Ngoku khangela ukuba bahlangabezana njani na umsebenzi.

Umahluko ovogenesis lokuqala spermatogenesis - yinkqubo start yexesha eyahlukileyo. Girls inkqubo gametogenesis kuqala ngexesha Palsy emakhwenkweni - kwiminyaka 12-14.

Umahluko yesibini - kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa kweqanda oogenesis kunye spermatogenesis - sperm.

Lo mahluko sesithathu - ixesha lokuphila kweeseli lwegciwane. Isidoda ubomi abalikhulu ukuya ilikhulu elinashumi-nye iintsuku (ukuba siqwalasela yonke inkqubo spermatogenesis, malunga 74 neentsuku), iseli sex ababhinqileyo - sisiphumo salinda ixesha elide kwi isizalo (iminyaka eli-12 ukuya kuma-40).

Lo mahluko lesine - inani. Ukutyhubela ebomini, amadoda wazalelwa ngaphandle amakhulu ezininzi ezigidi amadlozi, kwaye ngokupheleleyo onke amanqanaba oogenesis amalunga ne-450 amaqanda.

ukufana

Thina ngethuba lokubhala eli nqaku, oku kugqamisa iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis. Ngoku kwakhona iimeko, thina ukubonisa noluhlu kwihi ezi nkqubo.

• amanyathelo amathathu eqhelekileyo (ukuzala, ukukhula, sivuthwa).
• Oocytes kunye spermatocytes ezenziwa mitosis.
• ukukhula Inyathelo in oogenesis kunye spermatogenesis ebalasele kukwanda gametes.
• nokuvuthwa step kwenzeka meiosis.