Dioxin - oku ... izinto eziyityhefu. Uluhlu kwezinto ezinamandla kunye esinetyhefu

Dioxin - yenye zingcolisi zokusingqongileyo. Le into ibandakanyiwe ekuthiwa-"Dirty kweshumi". Eli qela ongundoqo organic ezingcolisayo ezinobungozi nengapheliyo. izazinzulu iidioksini yokukhathalela othile, ngenxa yokudla kwabo phezulu. Le iingcali waqinisekisa ukuba eli qela izinto eziyityhefu kuchaphazela inani kweenkqubo kunye namaziko. Xa emzimbeni, iidioksini inokuba ixesha elide kakhulu kuyo ngenxa yokuthiya kwayo phezulu amachiza, kwaye ukukwazi ukuba zifunxwe kwizihlunu okunamafutha. Kuzo ukuba ezifakwe kwaye zigcinwa ixesha elide. Isiqingatha-ubomi of dioxin kwizisele yabantu Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiminyaka 7-10. Ezi izinto eziyityhefu bakholisa zigqithiswe up kwikhonkco lokutya. Uyondelelwano lwee- iidioksini ekuhambeni kwexesha buyanda.

Imithombo dioxin yongcoliseko

Iidioksini izenze ngenxa yomsebenzi mveliso yabantu. Ukongeza, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abonakale kwiindawo zendalo ezifana mlilo okanye imililo ihlathi elikhulu. Iidioksini ziqukiwe kuluhlu kwezinto olomeleleyo enobuhlungu, ingeyo kumgca wokugqibela. Lo ngu-kwimveliso eziliqela mveliso, kuquka sokukhanyisa kweenkqubo yintlama nawawokunyibilika, ishishini chemical. Le ityhefu yona ikhutshwa ngenxa zinambuzane imichiza.

Kodwa mthombo uphambili ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo yi dioxin yinkqubo ongalawulekiyo lokutshisa abantu abaninzi. Akukho okwangoku akukho lusekiwe ityhefu kangakanani emoyeni ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi enjalo yabantu eziyingozi. Ukunciphisa imingcipheko enxulumene kwesitovu, iphuhlise isethi amanyathelo ajoliswe ulawulo olungqongqo phezu kwezi nkqubo. kakade Kukho ubugcisa abaqhumisela ngokupheleleyo inkunkuma, ngoxa iidioksini dioxin-ezifana khompawundi ukhutshiwe kungomlinganiselo omncinci.

Kodwa nangona zonke iinzame kwezenkolo, ukunwenwa izinto eziyityhefu kwimeko-bume nangoku lunqgukuva. Iidioksini lula afumaneka kuzo zonke amazwekazi kwaye phantse naluphi kwikona yehlabathi. Bona afumaneka emhlabeni, izilwanyana, kwi mveliso yokwetyisa. rhoqo lo ityhefu labonwa intlanzi, isilwanyana, inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi. Minor lamanani iidioksini ukho umoya, amanzi kunye nezityalo.

Ukwenziwa iidioksini kungenxa loovimba omkhulu nabo Nonrecycled kungachitha ioli mveliso. nokugcinwa Long-term yale iziphumo ezibonakalayo ukukhutshwa dioxin-ezifana iikhompawundi kokusingqongileyo. Contaminates umhlaba amadlelo kunye namanzi. Dioxin engena umzimba kwemfuyo, uze emva koko - inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi. Amazwe amaninzi baye ngokuthi ngeoli mveliso ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka iphathwe inkunkuma enobungozi kwaye sinikele ingqalelo inkqubo yokulahla.

Iidioksini Environment

Dioxin - iyityhefu. Ngoko ke yinto eqhelekileyo. It angafaka bathi ukuba umntu phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthintela ukudibana naye. Lilonke, ungcoliseko lomoya, umhlaba, amanzi akuthethi ukunika ithuba phantse nabani. Ukanti, nangona ezi ziprofeto themba, ukunciphisa ukuthathwa dioxin kunokwenzeka. Ngalo lonke ixesha bagcine ezithile nococeko. Oku kunika ithemba fanerile ukuba lo yityhefu luyakha emzimbeni ezincinane. Kuphephe ukutya ukutya abasuka kwiindawo ezibuthathaka nokusingqongileyo. Awukwazi ukudada emanzini evulekileyo, ngasechwebeni apho iinkampani zoshishino, ngokunjalo abahlala kufutshane izityalo unyango inkunkuma kwiindawo zokuyilahla kamasipala.

Iidioksini ukudla

Dioxin lidla ukuba yande umzimba wesilwanyana. Le into Oku kuboniswa iminyaka kwaye lihlale ijwabu okunamafutha. Ukongeza, kubhaliwe wegqitha waya kwikhonkco lokutya. Ngoko ke, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba okwangoku enye ixhaphakileyo izinto eziyityhefu kukutya nto kanye dioxin. kwi isicelo yothintelo ityhefu kukhokela ezi ncindi ngokuyintloko lithethelela ukuba yokuphila esempilweni kwaye kudla zendalo, ubukhulu becala ukutya izityalo. Izityalo bandisa dioxin ku ezixinene ezincinane kakhulu. Kulungile ukuba iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ikhule kwimihlaba ecocekileyo eziphilayo. Le igcina kufuneka ukuba zincede zikhethe kwiimveliso eqinisekisiweyo.

Noko ke, iidioksini zifumaneka nje kuphela inyama yezilwanyana, kodwa iintlanzi. Awukwazi ukuthenga oko kwiimarike zendalo kunye nayo. Umxholo kwezinto ezinobungozi kakhulu eziphakamileyo njengeentlanzi ezibanjiswe emanzini kufuphi Intlama nePhepha okusila kunye nezityalo unyango inkunkuma. Ukususela kulo mbono, iintlobo zaselwandle ukuba ayinabungozi. ingqalelo ngenyameko ihlawulwe iintlanzi "ezinamafutha". Iqulethe isixa esikhulu iidioksini. Nkqu intlanzi eninzi ebomvu ikhule phantsi kweemeko engentle yokusingqongileyo kunokuba yingozi.

Dioxin - ayikho into nje yingozi. Le ityhefu kule minyaka amaninzi inyama adipose. Yena akayi cazulula ngexesha unyango ubushushu. Nokuba inyama, nowezojiweyo ngepani, casserole bungacinywa nokuba okanye ephekwe microwave oven eqhotsiweyo - dioxin akayi ukuya naphi na.

Iidioksini inkunkuma yasekhaya

Dioxin - ngokuyintloko into eziyityhefu akhutshwayo ngexesha ukutshisa zeplastiki, inkunkuma amagqabi kunye amanxuwa. Kuwo onke amazwe iphuhliswe kummandla izixeko kunye nezinye iindawo ezinabantu ngayo Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba angawutshisi amagqabi. Izityalo amacebo emikhulu. Bona ziqulathe iityuwa metal enzima. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa imithi namatyholo ezikhula ecaleni emendweni. izinto ezinobungozi ingangena kuzo kwaye komhlaba. Xa utshisa nokuba amagqabi zonke ezi zihlanganisi ezingenabungozi, kuquka iidioksini, ukuba akhululwe kwaye ukungena emoyeni.

iziganeko Dioxin nongcoliseko kwimbali yehlabathi

Amazwe amaninzi esweni lemali ekutyeni ezinjalo yingozi kwimpilo yabantu, njengoko dioxin. Imiyalelo ngesicelo amanyathelo lokulawula yityhefu le ityhefu kunegalelo ekufumanekeni longcoliseko kwangoko, oko kudla inceda ukukhusela imiphumo ezinkulu-scale. Omnye umzekelo onjalo ukufunyanwa olothusayo ngo-2004, i-High eziyingozi khompawundi lokuhlala iimveliso zobisi eNetherlands. ichongwe Emva uphando enokumenza asuleleke. Ukufumanisa ukuba udongwe, nto leyo lisetyenziswa kwi ekwenziweni kokutya kwezilwanyana. Ityala efanayo ingxelo ngo-2006, zonke eNetherlands efanayo. Kodwa ke omnye umthombo losulelo iye yachongwa - amanqatha, njengenxalenye feed.

Dioxin ayikho nje kuluhlu lwe izinto eziyityhefu ezifumaneka ekutyeni. Singene umgca wokuqala kuyo. Kwimbali yehlabathi kukho abantu abangakumbi omkhulu efumanise le ityhefu. Umzekelo, Ireland ekupheleni kuka-2008 wemka evela kwintengiso setoni yehagu. Emva Iisampulu bathatyathelwa ngokuqinisekisa, kufunyaniswe ukuba isixa dioxin kwi inyama elingaphezu kukuphepha izihlandlo 200. Oku, Kakade ke, kwakhokelela ekubeni zonke iimveliso yehagu ilizwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba lirhoxe kwintengiso. Emva kophando, iingcali bafumanisa ukuba iimveliso ezinobungozi abanalo ixesha ukuya etafileni umthengi, bakhonza njengomthombo kungcoliseko feed. Ke kaloku, ukuba wenza masicinge malunga namanyathelo kule ukuthintela kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akunakwenzeka ukuba indiva usongo olunjalo, njengoko dioxin. Ukusetyenziswa in iimveliso zokutya kwemigangatho ngamazwe kufuneka-ubone indawo lobudlelwane zorhwebo. Umzekelo, i-European Commission ekhuphe isilumkiso yezempilo karhulumente ngo-2007, emva kokuba additive ukutya eyaziwa ngokuba an gum, nto leyo lisetyenziswa njenge arhente ukuqina iimveliso inyama dessert, amanqanaba aphezulu dioxin kwafunyanwa. Kuye kwasekwa ukuba umthombo asuleleke uye wakhonza ongekho mgangathweni Indian nentlaka.

Phantse unyaka wonke abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ziye iingxelo ukuchongwa inyama, imveliso zobisi, dessert, intlanzi kunye okuluncuthu elwandle yoxinaniso ngokugqithisileyo iikhompawundi dioxin. Inkoliso yezi iimpawu zivela kumazwe ahambele phambili. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imiyalelo ekuhloleni umgangatho imveliso ephuhliswe kula mazwe. Kwakhona, esweni rhoqo kwenziwa.

Iidioksini kunye neziphumo zazo emzimbeni womntu

sesichengeni elifutshane iidioksini kusenokukhokelela kwiinguqu zophendlo lwezifo esikhumbeni. Imizekelo iquka izifo ezifana Browning zineengxaki kunye chloracne. Kwakhona umsebenzi isibindi egxobhekile. nomphumela Long-term kuloo mntu ezi izinto eziyityhefu kukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Waphawula izilonda nezifo. ukuphazamiseka kwafunyaniswa le yonyango kunye neenkqubo luvo. Xa abantu, kukho ukuhla imisebenzi zokuzala. Kwakhona ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni elide ukuya dioxin livelise yamathumba umhlaza - zomhlaza. Okwangoku, le khompawundi ityhefu zihlelwa carcinogen yabantu. nangokuvela kwalo yangoku imvelaphi imihla mali akunaziphumo impilo yabantu ezidolophini. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ubungozi eliphezulu dioxin-sakhiwo kufuneka athathe amanyathelo athile ukunciphisa eyavela kokusingqongileyo.

subgroups sensitive

Ukumiselwa iidioksini kwindawo engqongileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Uninzi novelwano imiphumo qela bubuhlungu ezi zinto kubelekwa. Zabo olukhula luvo, yonyango kunye nezinye iinkqubo ilungu asesichengeni kakhulu lokuba dioxin-like iikhompawundi. Xa abantwana ukuya kunyaka abahlala kufutshane amashishini ukuze kungonakali kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye lweetiphu inokuba ukulibaziseka yophuhliso, isifo oluntsonkothileyo, kunye nomhlaza.

Ukongeza, i abasemngciphekweni labemi ibandakanya ezinye iindawo zomhlaba apho ukutya kutyiwa iintlanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle. Kaloku, yaye, ke, abasebenzi kugcwaliswa amadama ngamanzi, kwesitovu , kunye namashishini yintlama nephepha.

Ulawulo kunye nokuthintela sesimeni iidioksini

Ngoko ke yintoni ngokwenene kufuneka kuthathwe ukuthintela ukukhululwa kokusingqongileyo kwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana, ezifana dioxin? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa iindlela zokulahla inkunkuma unyanzelekile ukuba ichaza ukuba inkunkuma kufuneka zilahlwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Lo ngumlinganiselo ilungileyo yokuthintela ezikhutshwayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthintela yokugcina ixesha elide kwi amashishini amafutha inkunkuma. Kufuneka zilahlwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. ukutshisa yabo ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu - phezu degrees 850. Le yenye yeengxaki nazo kwi nokulahlwa le nkcitho. Ngelishwa, akusoloko hayi yonke indawo babe iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze abatshabalalise izixa ezikhulu oyile dioxin-ezimdaka kunye nezinye izinto.

Kodwa indlela engcono ukunciphisa ifuthe kwezinto dioxin-ezifana kwi obuntu ukwamkelwa ngamanyathelo anokuthatyathwa ukuba sajolisa kungekhona kwimiphumo, kwaye loo nto ibibangela ungcoliso. Umzekelo ulawulo olungqongqo lwe-mveliso ukunqanda ukukhutshwa iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu.

Kakade ke, ukuze silandele umsebenzi isityalo ibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba phantse 90% amatyala unobangela dioxin ubuthi abantu ukutya. Le ngozi oluphambili olubangelwa yobisi kunye nemveliso yenyama. Kwakhona, amazinga aphezulu kwezinto ezinobungozi labonwa intlanzi saselwandle esineqokobhe. Oku kulandela ukuba imfuneko esweni ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi ezi mveliso ubukho kule ityhefu, njengoko dioxin. Uvavanyo asabela ebonisa lwee- iyeza umbandela, kufuneka kwenziwa kuyo yonke indawo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela uluntu yityhefu. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa inani iimveliso ezichongiweyo kula dioxin - kubulawe imithombo ungcoliseko.

Kodwa onke amanyathelo othintelo. Njengokuba iimeko ityiwe kurhanelwa kweli sebe ngakumbi izixeko needolophu, kufuneka kwasebenza amacebo amanyathelo ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza umthombo kokubanjwa kwakhe okanye nokuhlutha kunye nokulahlwa elandelayo. Kunokuba nje ukutya kuphela kodwa ukondla izilwanyana zasefama. Enxuseneyo labemi, phantsi sesichengeni dioxin kufuneka ukuba ivandlakanywe ubukho lweziqhamo zophendlo lwezifo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu lomama nabongi.

Yintoni na abathengi ntoni ukunciphisa amathuba okuba sesichengeni dioxin?

Kakade ke, kukho iindlela ezininzi yokunciphisa amathuba okuba nokudla izinto eziyingozi ezifana, ezifana dioxin. Imiyalelo yokuphatha inyama iya kunceda kulo. Akukho mba, ukulungiselela indlela ukutya - bila okanye wazosa izonkana inyama. Kuba iya kuba dioxin, oko lutshatyalaliswe ngezenzo thermal. Kodwa siyazi ukuba ayisekho iqokelelane apha emzimbeni okunamafutha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana kwi emzimbeni iikhompawundi ezinobungozi ukutya, ukusika inyama kukutyeba ngokwaneleyo. Iimveliso zobisi kube lula nangoku. Inowuthi Umxholo ochumayo, kokukhona intembelo yokuba uyondelelwano lwee- dioxin kubo ayinamsebenzi.

Ukongeza, ukutya zesidima sobuntu ngesikali. Ukuba ukudla imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Izityalo bandisa dioxin-ezifana izinto lincinane kakhulu. Ukuba ukunciphisa inani inyama kunye zobisi zokutya osetyenzisiweyo kwaye andise isityalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuncitshiswe ukungena umzimba kwezinto ezinobungozi. Esi sicwangciso kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye phindeke. Dioxin kuyingozi kakhulu kwiimveku. yomzimba kuphela kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-luvo, yonyango kunye okuzala. Ezingaqhelekanga nakancane inokuba yingxaki enkulu kwixesha elizayo. Ukongeza, dioxin - a carcinogen. Oku kunegalelo umhlaza.

Bangabonwa kunye kumetwa amaqondo dioxin ekutyeni kunye nokusingqongileyo

Ityhefu Mass yi dioxin kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo zabonwa izihlandlo eziliqela. iimeko ezifanayo ziye zenzeka kumazwe amaninzi. Amaninzi wakhonza njengomthombo ukutya kwemfuyo kunye nokutya. Ukuze ukukhangela isixa izinto ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo, kufuneka sibe phezulu-ngqo iindlela zale mihla. Kwihlabathi kweelebhu nako ukwenza ezi mvavanyo, hayi kangako. Phantse bonke bephela - kumazwe kwezoqoqosho. Ngaloo ndlela ke iindleko izifundo ezinjalo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo iisampuli. Ukanti isampuli zebhayoloji kuthatha malunga namawaka amabini eerandi. Le ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu ukuba amazwe ehlabathini wesithathu.

Nyaka ngamnye, nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha yokubahluza yebhayoloji - ngokusekelwe izilwa-buhlungu kunye neeseli. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela iimveliso ukutya okwangoku ngokwaneleyo ngokusemthethweni, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, yokuhluza zebhayoloji kuvumela ukuba inani elikhulu leemvavanyo eziyimfuneko ngeendleko zemali iphantsi kakhulu. Kwimeko iziphumo ezintle ezi zifundo kufuneka ukuba bachithe ihlaziya imichiza entsonkothileyo kakhulu yaye zibiza imali eninzi.

Ukongezelela ukulawula phezu umgangatho weemveliso ukutya, bakwaziswa iimfuno ezithile ze kwesitovu.

Iityhefu

Ngaphandle dioxin, kukho uluhlu lwe esinamandla kunye zizinto ezinetyhefu namhlanje. Ezi zihlanganisi eziyingozi asetyenziswa kushishino kunye nezolimo. Nekharbon ngengozi kwenzeka ezinokosulela amanzi, umhlaba, umoya, izityalo. izinto eziyityhefu nga inokuqokelelana emzimbeni kwezilwanyana nabantu. Baqumbisa iintlobo zezifo, kuquka umhlaza. I inyuka lwee- iikhemikhali eziyingozi, umonakalo izicwili nogwali iinkqubo enkulu, le meko nzima yokuba ezi izinto zibe nzima kakhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka phantse baphethe nenyama yabo. Bona zigcinwa iminyaka.

izinto eziyityhefu kakhulu - abantu anemichiza leyo ayityhefu kakhulu. Bona bayakwazi, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezifana iingozi kwimizi e kwiiplanti zeekhemikali, kungonakalisi iindawo ezinkulu. Oku kuyingozi kuba meko ibandakanya ityhefu inyambalala yabantu. Ukongeza, kukho ekonakalisweni kwendalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iqela amachiza ayityhefu ukongeza bujikwe izinto dioxin exchange ziquka chlorine, phosgene trichloride phosphorus oxide, ikharbon, chloropicrin, hydrocyanic acid, isalfure chloride, acrylonitrile, sulphur dioxide, carbon dayisalfayidi, ammonia, dimethyl sulfate, ethylene oxide, imethyl bromide.