Yintoni yiEbola? Ebola: izinto, iimpawu, imiphumela

Afrika. Ebola. Izithethi ngokungatshintshiyo ingxelo alarm kwenzeka kwiplanethi enguMhlaba bhubhane ukuqhambuka virus yethu neengcwangu, mercilessly uthwele kude amawakawaka abantu. Othi "Ebola" efihliweyo sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu kunye izinga lokusweleka liphezulu phakathi qha ukuya ku 90 pesenti kwizigulane.

Yintoni yiEbola?

Sophele fever - sisifo etsolo viral esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye Filoviruses usapho kokuba ikhono pprovotsirovat ukopha kakhulu ebantwini kunye obeku- ezithile ohlobo.

A incinane

Le pathogen eyedwa kuqala yavula ngasekupheleni-imi- 70 lwekhulu XX e-Afrika, e Zaire, kummandla umjelo amanzi omlambo kwegama elifanayo, apho kamva wazimisela igama lakhe "Ebola". Ilizwe apho bhubhane nakujoliso olutsha yokuqala abhalwe, wamnika igama layo ukuba iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela eliqela zofuzo arhente causative.

ukuqhambuka yenzekile ngaphezulu nakanye, kodwa ke inani eyingozi abosulelekileyo kunye abafileyo isisongelo lithi ezingqongileyo kutsho ku-2014. Ukususela ngelo xesha, esi sifo singene kumazwe amaninzi, nto leyo ibeka isikali langa (njengoko kuchaziwe yi abaphandi WHO, abalimi).

Njani?

Yintoni Ebola, kuye kwacaca kancinane. Kodwa njani wena ngokwakho izifo eziyingozi ezifana ukusindisa? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uphuhliso leengxaki ifuna ukudibana ngqo komdlali ophethe. Kwaye loo nto, ubuncinane de kutshanje, kuyimfuneko ukuya kwilizwekazi abamnyama, njengoko Afrika - i umgcini ephambili zendalo unosulelo enjalo.

Oku waphawula ukuba ukufuma of nakumahlathi zasekuhlaleni kunye neendawo yasentshona kunxweme Pacific kudala iimeko ithembisa ukuba abathengisi ezi zifo, kuquka obeku- ezininzi, amalulwane, neula kunye leencanda ezi zoqhagamshelwano badla olusondeleyo aBemi zasekuhlaleni. Banikwa amandla eliphezulu pathogen wokosulela qha encinane ngokwaneleyo neencindi yomguli eziphilayo, kuquka igazi, umchamo, amathe kunye nezinye netuwa.

zwekazi Southern eyaziwa kuyo izithethe zayo ezithile yokungcwaba, kwakunye ngokungaphelelanga kwaye ngokwaneleyo ahlonitshwe apho imigaqo yococeko buqu, nokubhala, kubandakanywa nabasebenzi bezonyango, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isimo sengqondo uninzi labantu ukuba izifo ezosulelayo.

iklinikhi uphawu

Elona xesha lincinane ngexesha apho iimpawu zesi sifo ukuze aphuhlise ngemva ngqo isigulane kunye namanyathelo yedwa ayimfuneko lokugqibela ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezi-3. Ukuba ngeli xesha kukho iimpawu iimpawu, kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo ekukhuliseni i-alam, kwaye qiniseka ukuba ufune uncedo lonyango.

Ngokwezonyango, ifiva wabonakalisa asabela nonspecific ekuqalisweni kwe iantigens kunye nophuhliso ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngumzimba. Fever, nokuqaqamba izihlunu kunye umzimba uphela, intloko ebuhlungu, umqala obuhlungu, ubuthathaka jikelele, kwaye buthathaka ayikho ahluka ukusuka sifo efanayo ekuqaleni flu okanye neempawu ezifana ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla.

Umahluko engundoqo imbonakalo endleni, umchamo, imithambo emhlanzweni okanye amathontsi igazi, kwakunye irhashalala ukopha eluswini, scleritis, emathunjini, tropism ngenxa ka pathogen ukuya endothelium nemithambo kunye noqulunqo ukopha lwangaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle leyo nobangela wokufa na isifo.

efumanise izifo

Uphuhliso olulolunye womfanekiso yezonyango iimpawu, kunye iindlela zohlolo zifakelwayo ukuchonga uhlobo obabuthandwa Ebola yintsholongwane, isakhiwo antigenic kunye antibodies zokhuseleko eveliswe umzimba. Ukongezelela iisampulu igazi ziphantsi uphando amathe kunye nomchamo. Oku non-invasive iindlela zoviwo esetyenziselwa coverage ukuhluzwa ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga owosulelekileyo.

Zaselebhu ihlaziya sele enesifo leukopenia ezimakishiweyo thrombocytopenia, kwakunye enqanda cytolytic iiseli kwesibindi, ebonisa ukuba umonakalo omzimba.

Unyango lwe sophele

Ubunzima ekulawuleni isifo kwakhona bonisa uhlobo bama- izifo ezifana Ebola. Iindaba ukuba uphuhliso lwakutsha nje zokugonya ezitsha ekulweni le ezimbi yingozi kuqala nje ukuba bangenele yolingo lwezonyango, iyadanisa.

Njengoko indlela engundoqo unyango njengangoku lusetyenziselwa amanzi kunye nonyango detoxification, abuyisele zabagula amanzi kunye electrolyte nokugqwesa umzimba. Iziyobisi Administrator zombini butofelwe kwaye ngomlomo, ngokuxhomekeke ebukhulwini imeko yesigulane.

Ngokomfuniselo esebenzisa ngokwesiseko yeseram omzimba asifikeleli ifuthe efanelekileyo lwezonyango. Kuba iziyobisi ngendlela ekhuselekileyo kusenokufuneka ixesha elithile, leyo depresses ngakumbi ovakalelwa ugxothe ezingqondweni yoluntu, kuba leyo yeyona yintsholongwane Ebola, kuye kwaziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akafumani indlela eyiyo yokhuseleko kuyo.

Amanyathelo ngokuchasene ukusasazeka kwalo bhubhane

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba yonke eyaziwa izifo eziyingozi kakhulu kuyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo okuyo. Yi inkxalabo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla kunye Ebola, izindululo kutshanje apho kufuneka kulandelwe ngqo.

amanyathelo yedwa nokwambathisa ngokumalunga nabo bonke abafowunelwa, kwakunye nabasebenzi esibhedlele kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo. Zonke izixhobo ezingcolisekileyo, kuquka impahla, yangaphantsi, izinto ngococeko, kunye ziphele zonyango ngohlobo iisirinji, iidropha, iiglavu kunye izinto ezifanayo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka kufuneka kakuhle iintsholongwane okanye ilahlwa ngokuhambelana neemfuno imigaqo yococeko.

Kakade ke, kufuneka ube ngexesha kwaye ukwazisa ngokupheleleyo yoluntu malunga nokuba yintoni uhlobo izifo - Ebola. Iindaba zakutshanje kuzo zonke iinkalo ingxaki kwakunye izisongelo kunokwenzeka kunye neengcebiso malunga nokhuselo ukosuleleka yintsholongwane ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu, ingakumbi abemi amazwe aseAfrika.

Ngaba thina sisoyika ngulo bhubhane eRashiya?

Indlela ukuqinisekisa virologists zasekhaya, Ebola eRashiya akayi batwabulule. Nokuba xa bebhala kwezifo kwintsimi kwilizwe lethu baseRashiya akukho sizathu naxhala malunga okuba ngobhubhani. Kakade ke, iindlela zokhenketho kunye nolwalathiso kumazwe sifo, leyo Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kucwangciswa kwiiholide elizayo aphesheya.

Xa imida nemiqathango yolawulo oluphuculweyo uyeza, ingakumbi kwimimandla eziyingozi Afrika.

Oogqirha walumkisa kwaye baqeqeshwe ukubhaqa amatyala. izifundo oluqhubekayo ukwenzela ukuvelisa wamachiza kunye neziyobisi ukuba kuliwe arhente causative. Ngamanye amazwi, Ebola eRashiya ukufumana ukumelana onzima, akunamsebenzi ayivumeli ukuba ndibachithachithe elizweni jikelele.

Ukuphumla okanye ukuba singaphumli, oko kukuthi lo mbuzo?

Tourism ntonje mthombo womvuzo kwi-mali karhulumente, ukuba ukuqonda isizathu sokuba amazwe amaninzi musa ufuna ukuvala okanye athintele entry. Kakade ke, oku kusebenza ngokuyintloko eLiberia, Tunisia kunye nenani elinye ilizwe "abagulayo".

Kodwa musa ukulibala malunga zawo ezingqongileyo yokuphumla Russian boqobo, nayo ibekwe kwi kummandla Afrika. Abaninzi mhlawumbi abanomdla umbuzo enoba kukho Ebola eYiputa. Ngokutsho iingxelo olusandukubakho olwenziweyo ngurhulumente wommandla, kwesifo efanayo ubhubhane okwangoku iphawulwe. upakisho yamanyathelo kunye nezithintelo engqongqo iyenziwa ukuthintela ukuba.

Akhwele okanye uthathe uhambo, wonke umntu ichaza ngokwabo. Emva zoviwo lokulungiselela nezoviwo ukuchonga nokuphambuka kunokwenzeka kubume bentlalo, ukungqinelana ngqongqo imigaqo yococeko, ukufunyanwa zothintelo kwala machiza antiviral ingozi yosulelo kungakuncinane. Ingakumbi ukuba Ebola eYiputa iye kwaphawulwa.

Yintoni ALS ubomi?

Kufundwe ngokweenkcukacha kwimbali umba (yintoni Ebola, yintoni na ikliniki wayo kunye nemiphumela evela ukwaphula), siyaqonda isizathu i-International Organization for Health waqonda wesuka kweli lizwekazi bhubhane eshushu yonxunguphalo ehlabathini lonke. Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko yangoku yokuhamba ngamazwe kunye nabafowunelwa ziqulathe ukusasazeka imida sisifo anjalo afana akunakwenzeka.

Amazinga aphakamileyo kobu, virulence omkhulu, ukunqongophala izixhobo ezaneleyo kunye nobuchule banceda izigulane kukoyika kwaye zifane imifanekiso eshukumayo zentlekele kunye nesiphelo lusizi, ingakumbi imbali Biological Izixhobo Convention, ngaphandle-of-kolawulo. Xa ucinga ukuba imbali yabantu nokungazinzi koqoqosho, nasesangqeni ekuqaleni lezigidi kwiminyaka ebomini Ukumangalela "umkhuhlane iSpanish", bengafuni ukukholelwa kwithiyori ngokukhethwa zendalo. Ithemba kuphela amanga izazinzulu, liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wamhlangula sabemi behlabathi ukusuka imiba ebulalayo zonke iintlobo. Okwangoku, ndihlala ndikhumbula kuphela ezilungileyo, ukuba ukuphulaphula isiluleko Korneya Ivanovicha Chukovskogo kunye ngokuthambileyo ingoma: "Afrika eyoyikekayo, ewe, ewe, ewe! Afrika kuyingozi, ewe, ewe, ewe! Musa ukuya ku-Afrika, abantwana, nanini! "

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Kufuneka kongezelelwa ukuba, ngokwedatha yakutshanje NGUBANI ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 2014, kwaziswa ngokusesikweni uloyiso Nigeria ngaphezu kwezifo ezifana Ebola. News, kwakunye iingxelo ezinjalo isekelwe kwinto yokuba ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-40 kweli lizwe abangenzi zibhalwe naziphi nokuqhambuka ezintsha sifo. Malunga neveki phambi ukusasazeka pathogen sinqunyanyisiwe Senegal. Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, oko kuqinisekiswa ukuba nasiphi na isifo kunokuba kwaye kufuneka inkani. Kwaye loo ezinzima kuphuhliso lwabantu uya kungena kwimbali lwezifo, asizivumeli elizayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo zonke iziphoso neempazamo, kwaye singavumeli amagciwane kukoyisa Homo sapiens.