Catechisim - ntoni na? ICatechism Orthodox. Catholic iCatechism

Kuzo zonke iinkonzo kukho incwadi apho amarhamente ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo eqhelekileyo zenkolo. Kwakhona iqulethe nomphako ukwakheka lokuqala balefwaya. Loo ncwadi ebizwa ngokuba "secawa". Yintoni na? Njani incwadi onjalo? Yayingubani umsunguli? Ngaba Catholic kwiKhathikezi zamaKristu? Ngale kamva kweli nqaku.

lwesigama

Ngoko iCatechism - ntoni na? Le nkcazelo ngokwayo imvelaphi zamandulo zamaGrike. Ke ilizwi wadlula kwisiLatini. Ngokoqobo definition lithetha "umyalelo", "ukufunda". Ngamanye amazwi, secawa luxwebhu yonqulo. Libizwa ngokuba "ncwadi catechetical" equlathe iziseko imfundiso. Le ncwadi iyinxalenye yamahlelo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kukho iCatechism of the Catholic Church. Njengoko umthetho, ulwazi oluqulethwe kule ncwadi ngohlobo "imibuzo neempendulo". Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama elithi "iCatechism" lalisetyenziswa kuphela xa enqula. Le nkcazelo ingabizwa na isikhokelo nobunzulu, oluqulunqwe umzekelo uxwebhu zonqulo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1869, unyaka yasekwa iCatechism Nechayev. Kulo msebenzi, njengoko kuchasene uxwebhu zenkolo yinkqubo izothuso ngokubanzi kuthatha inani elikhulu amaxhoba, nxamnye "oozwilakhe enezothe abantu."

Overview

Amalungiselelo eziphambili, aqulathe iCatechism original Orthodox, yaphuhliswa kwixesha ukususela 1822 ukuya 1823. Umbhali saso St Filaret (Drozdov). Le ncwadi iye yavunywa yi-Sinodi yapapashwa ngowe-1823. Le ikwiCatechism Filaret kwavunywa ekuqaleni njengesikhokelo. Emva koko, umsebenzi yathotyelwa kwimeko uhlaziyo olukhulu. Uhlaziyo kwaye ezipetshiweyo eyenziwa ngumbhali, umtshutshisi oyintloko kunye namanye amalungu Sinodi. Lo msebenzi uyaqhubeka kuphuculwe nezizinzileyo iintlelo ezininzi. Ezinye osiyazi, kuqukwa amanani ezifana Metropolitan Bulgakov Makary, imeko secawa Filaret njengomnye 'ncwadi wo fanekisela. " Ngokutsho abaninzi, umsebenzi saint yenye yemithombo onegunya kunabo iimfundiso engqongqo. Oku kulapho ebekwe kakhulu ngokupheleleyo egameni ibandla zineziseko zalo ezisisiseko.

kwimicimbi

Noko ke, abanye abefundisi Orthodox umngeni zabhalwa Metropolitan Filaret. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, baye baqaphela ukubaluleka leyo ikwiCatechism (oko kukuthi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla) kwimbali ROC. Le ngxelo isekelwe kwinto yokuba, ngokutsho noMveleli Vasiliya Krivosheina, uxwebhu oluphambili zonqulo unenzondelelo yokuhlela ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa songenelelo lokusayina oyintloko Sinodi oyiNgcwele - umntu behlabathi - iwonga le ncwadi njengoko lecebo lesikhumbuzo engqongqo Ecumenical Orthodox, kakhulu, ukuba wathandabuza mbuzo, njengoko kwiKhathikezi Moscow Filaret ukuthi ayinazo zonke iisimboli ukholo kwaye ichaza isiphumo wezakwalizwi non-Orthodox.

Umba ngendima uxwebhu yonqulo ROC yanamhlanje

Ekuqaleni kuka-2014 asikhutshwanga nayiphi "umyalelo" evunyiweyo phantsi kolwalathiso omnye oorhulumente iphezulu ROC, ukuba iBhunga Bishops kunye Sinodi oyiNgcwele. Issue Catechisim icwangciselwe-2015. AmaProtestanti kunye miafizitov xa kungekho uxwebhu sonqulo ROC inika ithuba cinga nkandziyiso ekhoyo, evunywe yi-Sinodi, kuphela njengesikhokelo. Bakholelwa ngokokwakheka ngaxeshanye kuqwalaselwa iCatechism, asikuko njengomthombo nenkani, ekufuneka ibe umsebenzi ecacisa imfundiso. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo mbandela idla ngokuba ungumKristu, hayi obudala. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubeka i postulates zamaKristu jikelele abemi yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kuchaziwe kulo, kwaye ubume ngamaqumrhu karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, uNicholas I nje intloko Russian Church Orthodox, kodwa umxhasi kunye intsumpa kwizifundo zakhe yamaLuthere kwaye bathatha inxaxheba unyulo Armenian uMphathi. Kwaye, nangona akahambisani zeCawa Orthodox Russian njengoko catechisms ezisemthethweni kunye nemithombo imfundiso, kwagqitywa ukuphuhlisa ubunkokeli yabo, leyo ebekwe iinyaniso ezisisiseko Orthodox.

Isakhiwo senkonzo lolu xwebhu

Section luvula iCatechism Orthodox, yazisa umfundi malunga nezimaphambili ezingundoqo imfundiso langaphambi kobuKristu. Kwakhona ibonisa imbono malunga ingqikelelo ngokutyhilelwa nguThixo kwicala zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, waxelela ngeBhayibhile. Icandelo elilandelayo iindawo ezinkulu ezintathu. Bona zisekelwe ukutshintshwa ezintle eziphambili zamaKristu: "Malunga Uthando", "On Ukholo" yaye "Ithemba." Xa inxalenye eyayinikelwe Ukholo, sinika isishwankathelo oluneenkcukacha siSivumo kwi Orthodox ukuqonda, ngaphandle Filioque. Yahlulahlulwe yaba izakhi-12 (amalungu) ukulungiselela uviwo eneenkcukacha. Oku kulandelwa ibali amiswa ezisixhenxe ubuKristu. Kwicandelo "Kwi Ithemba" kubonwa kufanelekile ekwahluleni lamaKristu nkcukacha kwaye ichaza indima umthandazo kubomi okholwayo. Senaba isakhiwo yomtshangatshangiso, "Bawo wethu." Kuba ukucaciselwa umthandazo yahlulwe nesicelo, izicelo 7 nendumiso eluvalelweni. "Malunga Ngethemba" usichazela 10 nkalo. Inxalenye "Malunga Uthando" lunikezelwa imithetho elishumi kaThixo. Abane kubo zikroliwe phezu kwetafile lokuqala. Yimithetho uthando ngoMdali. Zintandathu ezisele imithetho uthando kummelwane wakhe. Inkcazelo ngamnye kunye imiyalelo kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno inkcazo kunye isono ukuze negalelo ukuhlukumeza yayo. Ekupheleni loxwebhu zonqulo ithi "Ukusetyenziswa imfundiso ukholo nasekuhloneleni." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe secawa Structural ukuba le ncwadana iluncedo kakhulu ukufunda nokuqonda. Itekisi abunjwe ngokohlobo imibuzo neempendulo. Ngoko ke, kuqala iimfuno yeentlungu ukholo, umxholo kunye njongo iphambili Orthodox. uxwebhu yonqulo ephendula umbuzo. ulawulo Okubhaliweyo ithe archaism ngabom. Le ncwadi iqulathe inani elikhulu tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Umzekelo, ingeniso "ngayiphi ingqiqo" iCatechism iyalila "ngamandla mani / ingqondo." Le archaism kwanda kakhulu kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Mfutshane ngokudala ulawulo olulodwa

Kwikota yokuqala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yabalasela ukusetyenziswa inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo catechisms. Avamise kakhulu phakathi Orthodox baba zabhalwa ubunkokheli abaMbhaxa Peter akuMazwe kunye zikaPlato. Yenziwe phantsi kwempembelelo le misebenzi, iintlelo ezintsha, kuquka imithombo yabo iphambili, ziye wagxeka yicawa. Kwimeko yokuqala, ubona "yamaKatolika" icala. Kule yokugqibela yagxekwa ngenxa yobukho lweziqalelo bamaProtestanti. Isisombululo sale meko yaba kukudala secawa entsha. Ukongeza, ngenxa Kwaqaliswa ngowe-1816 inguqulelo entsha ye iincwadi zeBhayibhile Russian, kuye kwafikelelwa esigqibeni sokuba inkomfa izicatshulwa ezifanelekileyo uhlelo endala zesiKhokelo entsha. Ngoxa nokugcina ukuthotyelwa ukusetyenziswa translation uhlaziyo. Ukuphuhlisa ikwiCatechism entsha ngayo lwaqaliswa ngo-1822.

ubuqambi

Umsebenzi uqulunqa ikwiCatechism yafakwa phambi kwenye nabefundisi abafundileyo kakhulu nobungcali Russian - Metropolitan of eMoscow Kolomenskim Filaretom. Uhlelo lokuqala yapapashwa ngowe-1823. Catechisim yaqulunqwa kubume, ngoko kusindiswa zonke iintlelo kunye nenguqulelo. Kwaba ubuhanjelwe efunekayo amacandelo amathathu Ukholo, nethemba, nothando. Umbhali igcinwe kunye noqeqesha ngenkqubo zokufunda ngohlobo "imibuzo neempendulo". I anikezwe kucaphulo iZibhalo banikwa ngokungqinelana zokusiwa 1816, ngamabinzana athile ziye zaguqulelwa ngokobuqu Filaret. Eyona ibaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa yobume compiler kubunkokheli zaye elithile print omkhulu.

uxwebhu olutsha

1823 babona kwakhona kukhululwe secawa. Labor sele asindiswe abo kubonakala yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze isiphoso. Kamva, ngowe-1824, kwafika iintlelo abane amanqaku Church Slavonic kunye nohlobo civil (iintlelo ezimbini uhlobo ngalunye uphawu). bookmark us arcade games loxwebhu zonqulo wakhululwa emva phakathi ku-1824 yaye igama "Small iCatechism". Yintoni na umba? Kwagqitywa ukuba ngokuyintloko abantu abangafundanga nabantwana. Esi sikhokelo iquka okubhaliweyo okukhetiweyo kuhlelo engundoqo ngokusebenzisa ifonti enkulu. Njengexhalanga "Ipapashwe ukuze komlawuli" kwiKhathikezi emifutshane wayengekho. Catechisim yokuqala yaqala ngokuba "isithuba".

Ukugxekwa uxwebhu zonqulo kunye neziphumo zawo

Ukuvela catechisms zawa kwixesha ngexesha elifanayo xa ngenkuthalo wagxeka iinguqulelo zeencwadi zeZibhalo Kwaqaliswa Russian Bible Society. Iqela likarhulumente endala kunye nabefundisi akwizikhundla eziphezulu ngakumbi kabukhali wagxeka imisebenzi DBR. AA asekelwe Arakcheyev UMphathiswa wezeMfundo Alexander Shishkov and Archimandrite uPhotius ngokubonakalayo lowu ulwimi Russian akuvumelekanga ezincwadini ngomthandazo kunye nemibhalo engcwele. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokubangela imbonakalo amahlelo ezahlukeneyo. AS Shishkov, ukuba lweli ingcamango ungubani Church Slavonic kunye iilwimi IsiRussian, akhusela uluvo lwakhe phambi Metropolitan Seraphim. Ngokutsho uPhotius, secawa Drozdov kunye nokukhokela uPetros akuMazwe inokuthelekiseka nezinye kwakunye "kanavnaya amanzi" ifaniswa "... amanzi ezilungileyo Neva."

Ukungangqinelani ne original

Ngenyathelo AS Shishkov waqala catechisms zophando Metropolitan Filaret. Injongo yale msebenzi ukuchonga isidanga zokutenxa evela kumthombo yokuqala, nto leyo imfundiso Orthodox. Ugxininiso olukhulu lubekwa nokwenzeka usebenzisa Ujongo kwi zicatshulwa yonqulo uxwebhu yeBhayibhile Russian. Kule nkalo uluvo lwakhe kungqamane Photios and AS Shishkov. Kwelinye icala, imigqaliselo ngokuphathelele umxholo yezinto zenkolo ze iCatechism, ayikho ingxoxo namandla ngokwaneleyo. Inkcazelo eziphawulekayo isikhokelo zintswelo Ujongo komeleza ifomu equlethe umbuzo: "Yintoni na le mfundiso ilungileyo kokuhlonela" Kufuneka uphendule: "Christian Doctrine". Ukusuka kwindawo esesikweni lwembono, lo mbhalo ubonisa ukuba, ukongeza "okona kulungileyo" kungaba nje imfundiso "elungileyo" yokuhlonela, nokuba Buddhism okanye Islam.

imingcele

Nge zonqulo enjalo ajongana nama-imbonakalo xwebhu ekupheleni phulo ngoNovemba 1824 waqalisa ukusebenza umthetho we-Sinodi oyiNgcwele. Yena wayesalela ukuprintwa nokusiwa kwe catechisms Filaret de kukhutshwe esinye isaziso. Isizathu sokuba umsebenzi athi inadmissibility le ebhaliwe uMthandazo weNkosi, i-Athanasius kunye imithetho-10 kwi-Russian ebizwa ngokuba 'ukubetha folksy ". Ngowe-1825 waba kwakhona wakhululwa ICatechism of Metropolitan Platon. Ndimele ndithi ukuba lo msebenzi wafika kuqala ngo-1786 waza wanyamezela iintlelo ezisixhenxe. Owokugqibela kubo ibekwe njenge counterweight ukusebenza Filaret. Kubunkokeli uPlato kuye kwaphawulwa ngasentla isicatshulwa iBhayibhile Church.