Yokubhala kwibakala 9, "Uncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono kumfundi mihla"

18 leminyaka yabalasela utshintsho olukhulu ezinxulumene umsebenzi Peter I. Russia sele enkulu amandla: ukomeleza amandla omkhosi, nobudlelwane namanye amazwe, lifumene uphuhliso olukhulu inzululwazi nobugcisa. Kakade ke, sonke oku kungabanga kodwa kuchaphazela kuphuhliso loncwadi kunye nenkcubeko. Bobabini uPetros Catherine babesazi ukuba ukoyisa inertia nakwinkqubo yelizwe kunokwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo kwemfundo, inkcubeko kunye noncwadi.

Iimpawu classicism

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka banikwe iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-18. Xa kwimbono umfundi yale mihla lu dityanisiwe amagama afana MV Lomonosov, A. N. Radischev. Ngenxa yoko, iincwadi Early Classicism - indlela, leyo abaqali zithathwa iinkosi zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, abafundi babhala amaphepha "Uncwadi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono umfundi namhlanje." Ukubhalwa kufuneka kukuvakalisa uluvo uncwadi lwethu owayephila ngexesha Classical. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula imicimbi uhlobo kunye nesiqulatho imisebenzi.

Kule classicists yokuqala indawo wabeka umsebenzi nozuko, iimvakalelo zakho ezinto ngokuzithandela. Kakade ke, uncwadi entsonkothileyo lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngokweembono. Ukubhidanisa umfundi mihla ulwimi okhethekileyo, isimbo. Ababhali classicists wadala imisebenzi, ukuba ndingahlangani ngcamango kaBathathu Emnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziganeko eboniswe kwimveliso kwafuneka kuphela in ixesha, indawo kunye nesenzo. Kwakhona indima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka beyidlalile classicism ingcamango "iintlobo ezintathu" ngeye M. V. Lomonosovu. Ngokwalo mbono, iintlobo kwiincwadi bohlulwa ngamaqela amathathu. Ekuqaleni ndandizithanda ethandwa ode enkulu, ukuba athi gqi ookumkani, amaqhawe oothixo. Ababhali dwelisa iinkonzo zabo, kodwa hayi abantu abaye baphumelela ngayo inyaniso, yaye abo ababefanele ukufikelela kuba ezilungileyo ebantwini. Kodwa kungekudala ngenkuthalo iza kuphuhlisa uvuthondaba. Badana kunye ulawulo yobulungisa yookumkani, iimbongi nababhali kule mihobe kunye zikwenza kubonakale ngathi ngu nokugculelwa satirical ningabagwebanga ezimbi kwabagwebi aphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi Derzhavin "Felitsa". Luhlanganisa uvuthondaba kunye ode. Bemdumisa Catherine, Gavriil Romanovich Ngelo xesha nye ubhenca enkundleni. "Felitsa" ezifunyenwe ngexesha a ingqalelo enkulu. Le mbongi kufutshane enkundleni. Noko ke, kungekudala kakhulu Derzhavin kudana kakhulu ngamandla yamagorha.

imisebenzi Okukodwa

Ngokuthe ngcembe, Noko ke, esi sikhokelo apho ekwagqitywa classicism, ekuqaleni ayikokunqamla umsebenzi wakho yeenkosi zobugcisa. "Uncwadi ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono umfundi mihla" - isincoko (Grade 9) ngalo mba kufuneka ukunika ingcinga yokuba iindlela zoncwadi ngelo xesha. Yokubhala esikolweni kulo mba kufuneka ziquka izinto analysis of imisebenzi yobugcisa. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha umbongo zakudala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba le migaqo engqongqo kunye nolwimi Beje kunye neencwadi nzima ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono umfundi mihla.

sentimentalism

Ukuba classicists njengesiseko ngokuthatha ekuqaleni karhulumente, amaziko oluntu umsebenzi koko wabonakala umntu emva kwabo sentimentalists wajika kwihlabathi engaphakathi abalinganiswa, amava abo. Indawo eyodwa sentimentalism loluka N. M. Karamzinu. Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 yabalasela kutshintsho intsingiselo entsha iincwadi, ebizwa ngokuba "romanticism". Eyona hero ezingundoqo umsebenzi omnye umlinganiswa ogqibeleleyo, yedwa ngokupheleleyo nokubandezeleka, ekhalazela kokusesikweni ebomini.

Uncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono umfundi namhlanje bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ixabiso layo kwaye nokuba wafumana ingqalelo entsha. Kuye sokulahla ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje kuba imiba ephakanyiswe kwaye kusonjululwe iinkosi kwenkulungwane ye-18, nothuke umfundi yanamhlanje. Thina basaqhubekeka ukwenza ukuthanda ubunzima kuthando engamthandi. Sidla senze ukhetho phakathi uthando kunye nomsebenzi. Kwaye ngaphandle kokuba anelisekile umyalelo ngoku kwezentlalo?

inqaku langoku

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba umxholo othi "Uncwadi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono umfundi mihla 'umzekelo imisebenzi ababhali ezithile zibonisa igama sengqondo mihla. Kufuneka ahlale phezu imisebenzi enjalo: "Poor Liza" N. M. Karamzina, "Abalawuli sudiyam" G. R. Derzhavina "Oaf" D. I. Fonvizina.

Ayikwazi ukuchukumisa intliziyo ibali intombazana ihlwempu ibali Lisa N. M. Karamzina, wamthanda and elingcatshiweyo, wazibulala eneminyaka a ntsha.

Oku kufuna ingqalelo ngononophelo kwaye comedy "I-Minor". Eyona ngxaki inkulu ephakanyiswe ngumbhali - yimfundo. Yena ngokwakhe noluvo lokuba imfundo eqhubekela ekhaya, kwande phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, akubanga luncedo abantwana kwakubonakala. Abantwana bakhuliswe ekhaya, ngokupheleleyo amkele yonke imikhwa kunye zokuziphatha yabantu abadala, abantu lunga- ukuya zokuphila ezizimeleyo. Oko, kunye Mitrofan. Uhlala umoya wobuxoki kunye nosizi ngokomoya, uyakubona phambi kwakhe kuphela izinto ezimbi leyinene. Umbhali, sigxininise bekhuphela Mitrofanushka indlela abanye, kuphakamisa umbuzo: oya kuphuma ngayo?

Ihlabathi kwinkqubela rhoqo. Ekubeni inkqubela yakutshanje abantu bakhwelela kude phambili. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha classicism kubonakala akufanelekanga kakhulu kwaye ilungile, kodwa "idrama usentlungwini" kunokubangela uncumo naivety yakhe. Kodwa ngokwemfanelo iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-18 kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi ukuba sizijongele phantsi, yaye ngokuhamba kwexesha indima yayo kumxholo ngokubanzi uncwadi liya kukhula kuphela.

Ngaloo ndlela, uncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwi kwimbono kumfundi ukuthanda mihla, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni, indima ekhethekileyo kuphuhliso loncwadi Russian kunye nenkcubeko.