Literature 18 leminyaka

kwekhulu XVIII ke ngenkulungwane ye yiEnlightenment. Yena ithathe inkcubeko wamandulo kunye iimpumelelo le Renaissance. negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwinzululwazi, iinqobo kunye nokuziphatha baba uncwadi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18, nto leyo eye wenza igalelo elikhulu ukuba inkcubeko yehlabathi. Ukukhanya emenza French Revolution kuyitshintshile umyalelo yoluntu yase Europe.

Uncwadi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 bakhonza imisebenzi ikakhulu zemfundo, oko utshayelela yaba zobulumko abakhulu nababhali. Babethandana isixa elingu ulwazi, maxa wambi Encyclopedic, hayi ngaphandle isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kuphela umntu bakhanyiselwa bangatshintsha ihlabathi. Bayithatha iimbono zabo humanistic ngokusebenzisa iincwadi, olu sapho lwaluquka ubukhulu becala zefilosofi. Le misebenzi zabhalelwa uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo abafundi, bakwazi ukucinga nokuqiqa. Ababhali wayenethemba lokuba aviwe ngabantu abaninzi.

Phakathi 1720 kwaye 1730s ibizwa ngokuba classicism wokukhanya. isiqulatho olona kukuba ababhali baye badelela ukumkani ngokupheleleyo, ngokusekelwe imizekelo yobugcisa yamandulo kunye noncwadi. Kule misebenzi va bokubanga kunye ubuqhawe, ezo ezijoliswe ingcamango kwendalo kwelizwe iparadesi.

uncwadi bezinye iintlanga kwenkulungwane ye-18 enze okuninzi. Lakwazi ukubonisa abalinganiswa abo amadoda oyinyaniso. Kuba didi lwabantu ukulingana, ookhansila nenkululeko zezona ephambili engundoqo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi abalinganiswa akanalo ngokupheleleyo sobuntu, Okukodwa, ezinazo kunokutshiseka kuphela sublime.

Endaweni wokukhanya classicism uza ngokoqobo Ukukhanya ezisa iincwadi abantu kufutshane iikhonsepthi. uncwadi bezinye iintlanga kwenkulungwane ye-18 wafumana umyalelo omtsha, enengqondo ngakumbi yintando yesininzi. Ababhali babuyelayo ukuba umntu zichaza ubomi bakhe, athethe ngayo intlungu yakhe nobuhlungu. Iinoveli zoLwimi imibongo yababhali akhuthaza abafundi babo ukuba inceba nemfesane. abantu bazi ye buqala benkulungwane ye-18 ukufunda imisebenzi uVoltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, uMontesquieu, Lessing, Fielding kunye Defoe. The main Abalinganiswa - abantu abaqhelekileyo abangakwaziyo ukumelana ukuziphatha zoluntu, abasemngciphekweni kakhulu kwaye kaninzi ukuzenzela nto. Ababhali zezi misebenzi nangoku kude kakhulu kwimifanekiso eziyinyani zoncwadi of the amaqhawe kweyama-19 kunye 20, kodwa uye waphawula amkunyela kokhululekileyo novuliweyo iinkcazelo umlinganiswa ebaluleke ngakumbi.

iincwadi Russian kwenkulungwane ye-18 evela kwinguqu Peter I ebegqwese ukubuyisela isikhundla classicism enakhanyiselwa ngayo ngokoqobo. abameli aphambili kweli thuba ababhali ezifana Antiyokwe Cantemir Trediakovskii kunye Sumarokov. Baye udale ngumhlaba otyebileyo kumhlaba Russian kuphuhliso kwetalente zoncwadi. Obungenakuphikiswa angakufuni Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev kunye Karamzin. Esizithandayo isekhona iitalente zabo kunye nobumi.

uncwadi IsiNgesi kwenkulungwane ye-18 luphawulwa ukuyilwa imiyalelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. The British baba ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezifana namabali zentlalo kunye nosapho, esavela italente Richardson kaThixo, Smollett, eStevenson, kwaye, kakade, Swift, Defoe kunye Fielding. Ababhali of England baba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala amgxeke umyalelo yongxowankulu kunye yongxowankulu ngokwabo, yabo yokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Noko ke, Dzhonatan Svift ejika kwinkqubo yakhe isigqebelo kunye yamaphephandaba kakhulu, ebonisa kwimisebenzi yakhe ecaleni kakhulu ezimbi nto. uncwadi IsiNgesi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18 lunikelwa into ebizwa sentimentalism. Igcwele okubi kunye nokungabi nokholo siseko yaye ijolise kuphela kwi iimvakalelo badla ukuba umthande umxholo.