Yonke imihla sisebenzisa iimveliso ezenziwe PVC. Yintoni na le nto?

Kufuneka ke ukuba ubomi mihla iya kuba kugula kakhulu ngaphandle PVC. Yintoni na ukuba kuqoqosho lwale mihla? Iinkcukacha PVC namhlanje ukuya ngeekhilogram 15 Ubunzima bazo xa zizonke imoto avareji eYurophu, le nto inxaxheba imveliso yempahla yabathengi (iibhola, impahla, izihlangu, ifenitshala, ezigquma floor, iicredit cards, njalo njalo)

Iyeza ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane nayo isebenzisa PVC. Yintoni na inokubonwa ngokubhekiselela izixhobo-ukusetyenziswa enye ezininzi. Apho unako ukufumana impahla tablet, amavili, iiglavu zotyando, catheters, izixhobo wokubona, iingxowa igazi. Le nto luphawulwa ngendleko ephantsi, iye endaweni ngempumelelo irabha kunye negilasi, ngokulula zintsholongwane, inokusetyenziswa phakathi komzimba womntu.

Xa sijonga izinto ekhayeni lethu, abaninzi kubo Wazenza PVC. Yintoni na loo nto? Polyvinyl chloride kaninzi isiseko usambathisa zombane, imibhobho, iiprofayili window, izinto zokudlala, izixhobo ukupakishwa, mobile phones, iibhotile zeplastiki, iityhubhu ngenxa yamazinyo kunye kakhulu ngakumbi.

Yintoni egqibayo ebanga PVC? Yintoni na le umchiza umbono? Ngokutsho wokubala (-CH2-CHCl-) okukwiqondo n (degree of polymerisation) PVC i Polymer eyenziweyo lalo isiseko kwaye akhutshwa chlorine neoli (57 no-43 pesenti ngokulandelelana). Iinkqubo zemveliso ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha lixhomekeke zingafumanekiyo iimveliso yeoli, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kokukhululwa kwale inzuzo eziphathekayo kunye nexabiso layo - phantsi.

Polyvinyl in Imbonakalo a angumgubo into emhlophe iipropati elungileyo Heating. Kuyinto esha nasongo, ezingenakunyibilika emanzini, ukumelana igcwala, kakubi lesihlanu (ngenxa neklorin ekwakhiweni), ukumelana asidi,-oyile izimbiwa, alkalis, alkoholi. Xa lashushu degrees 100 C. into abole hydrogen chloride inkululeko.

PVC nokuveliswa kuqala nezokukhupha le sodium chloride kumxube wetyuwa (yintshukumo yokumpompoza zombane). Ngaxeshanye, ioli enencindi ethylene (a inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "ng"). Emva koko, chlorine kunye ethylene odityanisiweyo isivuno ethylene dichloride. Naye kudala dichloride, IVinyl chloride (monomer), ithotyiweyo aze ke atshintshelwe kwi polymerization ukuya into oyifunayo. Kule added amacandelo ahlukeneyo, uvumela ukufumana imveliso ogqityiweyo kunye iipropati ezithile kwicandelo efanelekileyo.

abenzi PVC usebenzisa iindlela ezintathu ezisisiseko ukuze polymerization of monomers block, ukunqunyanyiswa kunye emulsion. Kule ukumiswa zisetyenziswa ukufumana iiplastiki ethambileyo, semi-ngqongqo kwaye engqongqo, kwaye emulsion - kuba iimveliso ezithambileyo ifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa plastisols. ekhululwa Kuxhomekeka yokungabikho okanye ubukho plasticizers kwi ekwakhiweni, ngokulandelelana unplasticized kunye nezinto plasticized. Okokuqala ngaphantsi ukumelana kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi (ukuya ku thabatha degrees 15 C), kwaye eyesibini ukumelana okupholisa ukuya degrees -60. Namhlanje, le ngxaki njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi nezi zinto na ingqokelela yabo okurisayikilisha.