Isicelo kunye nomxube thermite nokwakheka

Aids for iinkqubo zobugcisa wokwakha kwaye zisoloko zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa iikhompawundi chemical. Ezi ziquka umxube thermite, yaye kufuneka ezininzi ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yoko usebenzisa ezaqanjwa loo umsebenzisi ifumana okanye ngenxa yefuthe thermal (in welding), okanye nefuthe indlela detonation (kwiinkqubo pyrotechnic sigade). Izithako ukuba umxube thermite ikakhulu zimelwe izinto yesinyithi, kodwa kukho nezinye amacandelo imichiza. Ukubunjwa ngqo umxube ixhomekeke imiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwaye isiphumo ukuba ifunyenwe. Noba indlela, imveliso iintubi oluvelayo hayi umchazi-khaya.

Imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka

ziintubi yamachiza i monopropellant iqela kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo efanayo equlethe amacandelo ezinokutsha oxidant. Ezi nkcukacha lo mxube limisela ukukwazi kwalo phemba ngaphandle ukufikelela emoyeni. Iimpawu kunye neempawu umxube thermite uvumelekile ukuba singqinelane ne- Bickford fuse kunye nomgubo. Ukuqamba Homogenous ukuze ziveliswe ekwimo sukube. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukuhlanganiswa efanelekileyo igesi kunye nomoya. izinto ezinjalo ziquka iimfuno ephakamileyo ukulungiselela ukusebenza kunye nokugcina, ekubeni nengozi enkulu dubulo.

isicelo

Kuxhomekeka kwiimeko japan nokusetyenziswa ezinqwenelekayo iintubi uyakwazi ukunika imisebenzi efana nempembelelo thermal kunye nefuthe pyrotechnic. Ukuqamba Pyrotechnic ingasetyenziswa njengendlela ukukhanyisa kunye nokuveliswa kwezibane isignali. Kodwa ke ulwalathiso engundoqo ukusetyenziswa bobuqili iintubi - nto ukuwelda. Ifuthe ngenxa yobushushu zihlanganisi kwahluka amandla ixesha elide.

Le yokusebenza Umgaqo umxube thermite ngexesha ukuyilwa yaseZimbabwe na ubume bunyibilike inamacandelo yesinyithi, kwaye enika yikhompawundi eyomeleleyo anti-entsimbini. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba inkqubo privarochnaya olufunekayo iwelding thermal kwi imibhobho, ayiboneleli kuphela termosmes yobhedu kodwa imilo ngokuyinyibilikisa kunye ucinezelo.

kuqamba yesintu

Xa imbonakaliso ezaziwa isiduli kwemichiza - umxube ezicukucezwe zancinane oxide izithako zentsimbi kunye aluminium. imixube efana kakhulu ezifunwayo imisebenzi yokwakha (njenge ukuwelda) kunye noshishino. Oku kungenxa yokuba umxube ukusebenza ngokuthi ekuqaliseni ekhatshwa nefiva kwaye ukukhululwa nobushushu esebenzayo. Nangona umxube intsimbi thermite kuqhelekile eyaziwa ngokuba ferrumnaya, aluminiyam idlala indima ephambili ngezenzo zalo. Ngokukodwa, aluminothermy nkqubo imisela ngobuchule abasabela ngayo welding kunokwenzeka steelwork.

kuqamba pyrotechnic

Isiseko imixube efana nawo amafutha kunye oxidant, kodwa ngendlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Kuba components ezisetyenziswayo ziquka potassium khloreyithi (isambuku ubume), kwiteksti carbonate (ikota) kunye nesalfure colorant ilangatye. umsebenzi Oxidant lenza potassium khloreyithi, kwaye nesalfure enze njengento amafutha. Xa inkqubo ukutshiswa umxube pyrotechnic thermite ngenkuthalo yenza ubushushu, kwaye yandisa ubushushu: ezaqanjwa umsi singakhupha amakhulu izidanga, kunye nokulayita ukufikelela 3000 ° C. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxube pyrotechnical zisetyenziselwa ifuthe thermal, ukutshiswa lwabo olukhulu kakhulu siphelekwa ukuyilwa idangatye.

umxube copper

Iintubi, zikhoyo kwi oxide ukwakheka zobhedu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenjongo wenza imisebenzi yolondolozo kwi welding kwemibhobho ngentsimbi. uxanduva High amalungu walibumba ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwandisa umthamo we-eneji thermal akhululwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubhedu umxube thermite uquka ferrosilicon endaweni ferromanganese, eye kungabi phezulu indawo yokunyibilika. Xa uhlobo ogqityiweyo ukwakhiwa loo mxube iquka:

• oksayidi copper - 70%;
• powder copper - 12%;
• aluminiyamu - 10%;
• ferrosilicon (okanye Ferro) - 8%.

Le yindibaniselwano elements kuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka umsebenzi welding ngokwandisa umthamo elabelwe amandla thermal kule nkqubo anyibilike.

ipeni thermite

Obushushu ebonisa wekhrayoni ukubunjwa uvumelekile ukuba awaphinde nawuphi na umxube iresiphi, kodwa inkalo yayo ephambili le milo zezindlu, apho ukugcwaliswa iyasebenza: uthambo yokutsha kunye namacandelo ezinokutsha. Yena obekwe kwi imilo ngokuyinyibilikisa, ezenziwe grafayithi ubushushu ezingatshiyo. Intambo uphela ziboniswa indawo ekhethekileyo ye-inshorensi, onxulumanisa yinxalenye lombhobho umxube thermite kunye ucinezelo kuthetha ngendlela yematshisi.

Inkqubo ukutshiswa iwelding olunokutsha element lokuvula ezishushu iya kwenzeka umxube icinezelwe kwi ipensile. burnup ikhokelela Ngaloo termosmesi yokuba ityhubhu metal shushu ugcwalisa oplavitsya komhlaba kwaye yenza isibopho. Le eziluncedo ziquka ubushushu ebonisa ikhrayoni iingongoma ezimbini. Okokuqala, akukho mfuneko ukulungiselela ekhethekileyo naphi idibanisa abasebenzisi. Okwesibini, akha umxube ngokwayo kwi olinganise igqityiwe inikezela lula ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa yayo.

ngezandla zeentubi siqu

ekhaya Manufacturing imixube ezilula thermite ifuna izinto ezimbini - zeBlack zentsimbi kunye metal aluminiyam. Kufuneka ungenisa (inkungu) uhlobo pyrophoric - kule meko ubuncwane ziyindawo uthuli entle. Kuxhomekeke ingaba, oko kuthetha ukuba wafumana thermite ngezandla zabo, kunye nokulungiselela izitya ezikhethekileyo - isitsha esenziwe aluminiyam ingasetyenziswa emva zonke imisebenzi amalungiselelo okanye ngentsimbi.

Ngu ibonwe ubunzima bako zezi zilandelayo: iindawo 4 ka-aluminiyam ukuya amaqhekeza isikali 3. Ezi ziqendu ixutywe. Okulandelayo iya kuba akukho imbi ngokongeza umxube wemagniziyam (lenombolo permanganic acid), neya kuthi yenze umsebenzi kuvala. It ongeze imali angekho ngaphezulu kwe-20% ye-ubunzima lilonke iikhompawundi yesinyithi. Ukuqulunqwa ke ezanyazanyiswa kwakhona.

Njengoko ubona, impendulo yombuzo ye indlela yokwenza thermite, ilula. Kodwa kubalulekile ukubonelela nendlela isicelo sayo. Ukubunjwa zokugqibela zibekwe ngesitya. Lo mxube ngokupheleleyo kuwo compact uyagangatheka kwaye atywinwe ukwahlula ukufuma. Emva oku kufuneka kwenziwe umngxuma lume ye tape wemagniziyam Asikokungena isikhongozeli ukuya iisentimitha ezimbalwa. Ukuvula ukwakhiwa kwanele phemba emdlalweni tape.

Iresiphi isiduli uphose

Le yenye yezona lula kumalungiselelo ezaqanjwa. Oko kuveliswa base benziwa nasiphi na isiqulathi. Ukuba umxube lweeyantlukwano baphose ubalisa ulwabiwo ubuncinane, kodwa endaweni imveliso ihlala zeBlack ukumelana elide ukufuma. Siphose thermite izandla zabo yenziweyo macandelo alandelayo: yentsimbi oxide (iqhekeza 3), gypsum (amalungu ama-2), umgubo aluminiyam kwindawo umxube wenu kunye ecikizekileyo zesinyithi. Onke amacandelo zixubene, uze amanzi wongezwa ukuze athambise udaka. Ubunzima obubangela exonxiweyo, kwaye kule fomu oko kuyimfuneko ukushiya isiqingatha seyure. Lo mxube kwakhona ezaliswe ngamanzi agcinwe ukuba iyoma kangangeveki. Xa elo xesha udlula, ekukhethwa ukuba ilanga kwakhona koma, uze sizakugrumba umngxuma ukuze isebenze isigxina.