Ingxenye lomlambo. Yintoni Delta umlambo. Gulf kwimimandla esezantsi komlambo

Yintoni na umlambo, wazi wonke. Le umzimba ngamanzi, oluvela, njengoko umthetho, ezintabeni okanye nasezindulini, waza wasebenza ubude indlela yakhe amashumi namakhulukhulu khilomitha, lungena ngokukhululekileyo kwelo dama, ichibi okanye elwandle. Inxalenye komlambo, ophuma kwemijelo engundoqo, ebizwa kwisingxobo. Icebo nge esebenza elikhawulezayo zangoku ecaleni ezintabeni, - a zisembundwini wawo. Ngoko ke yintoni na umlambo? Ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo wabelane ngayo? Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi oko swi amagama alula aqhelekileyo afana "umlambo".

Yintoni na umlambo?

Ulwazi lokuqala olusisiseko ziyaphila kunye nohlobo engaphiliyo, sifumana sisikolo izifundo behlabathi. Abafundi baziswa iingqiqo ezifana njengomlambo, umlambo, ichibi, ulwandle, ulwandle njalo njalo. Ngokwendalo, utitshala ayikwazi ukunceda kodwa uthethe na inxalenye lomlambo. 2 iklasi - ukuba kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba ngentloko ezininzi amagama. Ngoko ke, abantwana bafuna uncedo kubazali babo. Kwaye mna ndithi, wababeka deadlock. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abadala badla akakwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo elula. Ngoko ke, asinguye wonk 'umntu uya kukwazi ukuchaza umahluko phakathi ogudle yesingqengqelo lomlambo, okanye amachibi oxbow kwakhiwa. Okanye nantsi omnye umzekelo - oko kukuthi intlambo komlambo? Makhe re-ukuhlolisisa zonke ezi ngongoma.

River - a amanzi esisigxina. Kwimimandla ngokoma boMhlaba, umzekelo, eAfrika Australia, oko okwethutyana yome. Snow imilambo babezalusa, aphantsi komhlaba, imvula kunye namanzi glacial. Le umzimba ngokwemvelo amanzi kangangeenkulungwane eziphuhliswe channel yayo idreyini. Kwaye ukuzalana kwemozulu umlambo sicacile kakhulu. Ke kulula ukulandelela. Imozulu na imo flow obesondliwa nguwe: ayikho enye kwimimandla kwendawo, nobude ezahlukeneyo.

Uphawu siya kuqwalaselwa mijelo zixhomekeke kwendawo kunye nendawo apho emi kuyo. Le maphu ibonisa umlambo, ukuze kucanda eArabha, phantsi kwamaxandeka entabeni. Banako ukuba andibhaqwa nokuba komhlaba. imilambo nelezihlambo kuqukuqela kwindawo tyaba ebanzi. It esilawulwa olinywe kunxweme, oko kukuthi, lo ukhukhuliseko lateral. Kumathambeka izidanga, ichibi, ibhedi ngokuqhelekileyo jiko, ngaphezu ucaca nguvumazonke. uneempawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukusuka imijelo entabeni. Umandlalo ezitshala zabo kwaye unamatye. Valley kakuhle iyilwe, kunye kumathambeka, iilwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zindawo akukho nzulu, kodwa isantya sokuqukuqela kakhulu.

Kananjalo kwahlule echibini emlanjeni. Banako noba flow ukusuka namachibi okanye kwacaba indlela ngabo. izinto ezinjalo kufuneka umsele ephezulu emanzini eliphantsi. Echibini komlambo ixesha elide eliphezulu lamanzi. Njengomgaqo, abaqinisekanga elide kakhulu. Uninzi omnye umlambo nomgxobhozo. ke kwenzeka, kakade, ubuncinane. Zinelungelo umkhukula banabileyo, kufuneka izikhukula rhoqo ngenxa uphawu ngengingqi tyaba, apho ndongeni, nto leyo rhoqo kwakhona ngamanzi kancinci ngaphandle kumgxobhozo.

umlambo wabalasela karst. Iphila phantse lonke komhlaba, nto leyo izaliswe ekuthiwa-ukuqanda karst. Idreyini emanzini eliphantsi landa kule milambo.

springhead

Ukuqala komlambo kuthiwa umthombo. Le yindawo apho ijelo elisisigxina abembumbile. Umthombo inokuba nomahluko: umlambo, ichibi, kumgxobhozo. Qala lwemilambo emikhulu bayayenza amachibi ezininzi ezincinane. Kulo mzekelo, umthombo iya kuba indawo naziphi yazo. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni OB River zinika amanzi Katun kunye Biya. imijelo Intaba ziphantse kusoloko akhiwa intlanganisela yamanzi amaninzi. ekuqaleni kakuhle tyaba liphuma elwandle. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba eyayimi ngayo ichibi ngamnye. Kwaye umthombo ngamnye lomlambo nayo yahlukile.

river Valley

Phambi ngokuhlalutya amagama iinxalenye omlambo, kufuneka uyeke kwi amagama afana "intlambo umfula". Ukuthetha ulwimi lenzululwazi, sithetha emathambekeni evuthelweyo adalwe yamanzi. Zinelungelo icala article ekuyeni yangoku. Zonke parameters ezigodini lomlambo (ububanzi, ubunzulu nokuntsonkotha isakhiwo) baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo iqondo umthamo komfula. Imithetho ubude ubukho bayo, uhlobo ngengingqi ezingqongileyo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo uzinzo yengxondorha kunye nobungakanani kwingingqi umsebenzi ziitectonic plates.

Zonke mathafa komlambo ntlambo babe ezantsi namathambeka. Kodwa ke, kwakhona, iimpawu zabo kuxhomekeka kwindawo isiqabu. imilambo Intaba ahluka yi kumathambeka. Ewe, yena ubona amathafa. Kule ntlambo bengengabo banzi nemxinwa. Izihlandlo ezininzi, adla kutyhilwa isinqe asinde. Ezinkqantosini entilini zahluke kakhulu. Ziqulethe oxbows eyenza nomzila yezandyondyo. intlambo Young luphawulwa kumathambeka kunye nangaphezulu bakunyathela elunxwemeni. amathambeka enjalo ibizwa masimu. Okona emlanjeni, ngoko kuzo unxweme elide kunye abanzi.

masimu mlambo Young abekho. Nkqu yezandyondyo kwenzeka yonke indawo. Emazantsi ezi machibi emkhumbini ezimilise, kaninzi ngenxa yokuba lo mmandla zangaphambili glacier. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko.

Ingxenye esemqoka omlambo - ijelo kunye yezandyondyo - kwasekwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I ethobela izithethe ukhukuliseko ngokukhawuleza Amawa banzi kakhulu kwimihlaba crystalline. Kwakhona, iphambili iintili komlambo kukuba zisoloko ngokuthe ngcembe wanatyiselwa imilomo. amathambeka zabo kakuhle Amathambeka - eliphezulu.

Yiba iintili komlambo kunye nokubaluleka practical ekhethekileyo. Yeyona ndawo lula ukwakhiwa zokuhlala. Njengoko umthetho, phezu masimu kukho ngemizi, nemizana ngemizana, kunye namathafa zizikhukula zibalasele umhlaba amadlelo.

edama amanzi ngexesha lezikhukula

Ukuba ngokuthi ngokoqobo, "ummandla wezandyondyo" - into uzele ngamanzi. Kwaye inkcazelo echanekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Le yinxalenye entilini lomlambo, ngelo xesha wezikhukhula onogumbe ezaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi. Zizandyondyo uye landscape engaqhelekanga. ivame yahlulwe kumanqanaba amabini. yezandyondyo Ezantsi igcwele rhoqo ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Inxalenye eliphezulu - kuphela ngaloo minyaka xa kukho izinga eliphezulu lamanzi.

konogumbe zonke ushiya umkhondo wayo wezandyondyo. Yena blurs kumphezulu womhlaba, ukudala bevala oxbows iifomu. Qho ngonyaka kumphezulu womhlaba lo nesanti, igrabile novunduvundu. Oku kwandisa yomyinge wezandyondyo. Ngelo xesha kukho inkqubo nzulu lo mzila. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo wezandyondyo ephantsi uba kwasekwa lokubiyela eziphakamileyo, yezikhukula. Baye wazicelela umlinganiswa. namawa zizandyondyo nxweme ukuphakama kuyimitha eziliqela. phezu kwayo zidla bevala ibunjiwe oxbows.

Xa imilambo esesihlanjeni, ummandla wezandyondyo ebanzi. Umzekelo, ububanzi OB ufikelela km-30, kwaye kwezinye iindawo kunye nangaphezulu. Mountain umlambo zizandyondyo abakwazi ukuqhayisa. sites ezinjalo bafumana iingceba kuphela, ababesona kungabonwa ukusuka kwicala elinye okanye ezinye.

imigxobhozo emikhulu intsingiselo. iindawo ezinjalo ezixabisekileyo zisetyenziswa amadlelo kunye amadlelo hay. Yezandyondyo phantse zonke emlanjeni omkhulu emaqeleni, ehlathini-emaqeleni kunye hlathi - ummandla ozinzileyo yemfuyo.

ndongeni

Inxalenye liphantsi omlambo, okanye mandithi bentili, ngokuba somlambo. Kuye kwasekwa umsinga wamanzi oluqhubekayo. Njengoko ihamba rhoqo izicoci uninzi ezike ezantsi. Channel, njengokuba umthetho, kukho inani kwamasebe. Le yinto engelula tye, ngaphandle kokuba imijelo intaba.

Direction, njengoko osondela emlonyeni, futhi yakha ezininzi enemikhono kwemali. Ingakumbi eninzi kubo yile nkanyamba. Ukuqukuqela wezandyondyo kuyilwa ngamaxesha eliphezulu lamanzi, kodwa kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ezishushu mhlawumbi koma. imilambo enemikhono nelezihlambo ezi jiko sezwe. Egcine ihamba intlenga olwenzeka ocoliweyo-clastic. Emilanjeni weentaba kwakhiwa imibhobho zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye sleeves zibe ngqo ngakumbi. Wena uyakwazi ukufumana iindawo uba neengxangxasi eziphakamileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Basenokuba ekukwenzeni igrabile kuvuleke enkulu. Benzisa - ezindaweni enemikhono - enye kunye ngokuqhekeka. Ngokufuthi zinakho ezinjalo kuvandlakanywa esezantsi. enemikhono ububanzi kufuneka imilambo emikhulu, umzekelo, ezifana Yenissei Lena, iVolga, OB unakho ukufikelela amashumi eziliqela yeekhilomitha.

nemibundu

Umlambo kaninzi lwenza ohamba. Amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka esililini umlambo intaba. Umbundu - yinto izele iingqalutye kuvuleke site nzulu. Oveliswa kwezo ndawo apho kunzima overlie ngamatye eroded. Kukho umahluko omkhulu imisinga ezinkulu. Imibundu leyo yeminyango, ngenxa ukuma kwayo, yenza kube nzima kwiinqanawa kwaye yenze ingxubevange nzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yabo, umntu onyanzelwayo ukuba ukwakha ngu-yokupasa channels. Amaxesha amaninzi emazantsi evela enemisinga ukwakha ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Xa oku kusetyenziswa bhetele kakhulu ukuwa okukhulu kumathambeka emlanjeni. Omnye umzekelo Ust-Ilim Isikhululo ngamanzi kwi i Angara River.

Yintoni ogudle umlambo?

Delta - umlambo esezantsi. It phantse lonke luphawulwa imibhobho emininzi branched kunye enemikhono. Delta abunjwe kuphela esezantsi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba eli candelo dama ezenziwa ekhethekileyo mini-ecosystem. Yonke Umlambo ezizodwa kunye nanto.

Uninzi lwemilambo emikhulu of Russia abe kwintlambo kunye aphuhliswe kakuhle umsebenzi nezikhukhula. Umzekelo classic kusoloko kukhokelela iVolga noLena. somfula wabo omkhulu yaye isebe ibe womnatha lonke aphephe. Ngaphandle kwezi unako kwakhona uqaphele le Kuban, Terek kunye Neva River. A isici esasenza ogudle, ibekwe kwimimandla ekumzantsi ziyaphuhliswa nezimbuku. Apha qaphela iyantlukwano nokuxokozela kwezityalo ecaleni iibhanki bathole indawo yokufihla ezanyisayo ezahlukeneyo, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye ezirhubuluzayo. iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka ukwakha amahlathi zabo iintshinyela kufuphi namanzi iintaka. Kodwa kwezona ndawo exabisekileyo imithombo lokuloba. Ephawula umbuzo yintoni na lomlambo olwandle, singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba lo sekuba eyodwa nendalo yawo.

Limani

Xa ekudibaneni imilambo elwandle zidla kwasekwa zokupaka nzulu. Ewe ngokuba engena elwandle. Le bay kwi esezantsi kuyo umlambo - loo ndawo engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye nolucacileyo. USwingle kwenzeka xa nezikhukula esesihlanjeni, ulwandle emilanjeni. It iya kuvulwa - ngoko ke kuthiwa guboyu. Kulo mzekelo, i-Gulf akukho mfuneko izakubanodibaniso kunye elwandle. Kukho namachweba ezivaliweyo, oko kukuthi, wahlukana elwandle Sushi amanzi umvumbo - .. amathe Imxinwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanzi yemilambo anetyuwa, kodwa hayi kangangoko njengoko elwandle. Noko ke, kukho ukungena amancinane amanzi acocekileyo, kungaba kakhulu saline. Gulf kwimimandla esezantsi komlambo azisoloko kwakheka. Abaninzi kubo ibekwe kunxweme yoLwandle Azov. Namachweba kufuneka imilambo Dniester kunye Kuban.

emlonyeni umfula

Indawo apho umfula ugeleza edikeni, ichibi, elwandle okanye elinye iqumrhu kwamanzi, ngokuba umlomo. Kungaba eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, kwindawo ezikufutshane emlonyeni, kuyaba ichweba, ibheyi okanye ichweba lomlambo. Kodwa amanzi omlambo ungalahleka ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela - ucingo ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela ehlathini zolimo, okanye emoyeni nje. Kule meko sithetha emlonyeni weemfama, oko kukuthi, umlambo eliya ndawo. Kudla ngokuthi ekupheleni umendo wayo amanzi nje ukungena emhlabeni, yaye umsinga iphele. Ngoko ke, asinakukwazi bathi wonke mfula umlomo echazwe kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, ijelo elo Okavango umlambo liyalahleka kwi imigxobhozo le Kalahari kwintlango. Ngoko ke, umthombo komlambo kunye ichweba leyo ingachazwayo ngokuyimfuneko ngokucacileyo, ukuze zibonwe akusoloko kusenzeka.

uviko

Yokufika - zomlambo elibaleka emlanjeni enkulu. Ukusuka yokugqibela oko kudla luphawulwa imithamo amancinane amanzi kunye nobude. Kodwa ke, njengoko kuboniswe izifundo yenziwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oko akusoloko kunjalo. Kukho imilambo emininzi ezihlambela umthetho lusekiwe. Umzekelo, Oka eliya iVolga ukuba siphantsi umthamo wamanzi. Ngelo xesha kulo mfula elikhulu eliya kunye Kama, nto leyo nayo elifumileyo. Kodwa iVolga zonke engabandakanywayo ezaziwayo musa iphele khona. Angara wathi isebe Yenisei. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye woMlambo, leyo zidibana kunye into yesibini, kabili njengoko amanzi amaninzi. Oko kukuthi, singatsho kakuhle ukuba Angara ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-flow umahluko kwicala bentili, ukuze ukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na into uwe.

Kodwa umlambo akusoloko idibane nenye. Ngamanye amaxesha kuwa echibini okanye ezinye amanzi. Nemingenela zahlulwe ngasekunene nangasekhohlo, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo icala beza kulala. Bona komyalelo ezahlukeneyo: eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Abanye babo kuwa ngqo umjelo omkhulu. Nguwo lo nemingenela zaseprayimari. Yonke imilambo ezinento yokwenza nabo, uya kuba aphakamileyo. Umzekelo, Zhizdra na uviko ophambili Oka kunye iVolga for zamabanga.

distributary

Sleeve - kukwayinto entle yinxalenye lomlambo. Oku kube isebe okanye "kukwahlukana 'umjelo. Qaphela ukuba emkhonweni kufuneka zizakuwela umva emlanjeni. Maxa wambi kwenzeka emashumini ambalwa eemitha, kodwa kaninzi ithanda ukuba leekhilomitha eziliqela. Emkhonweni ukhandwa neentlenge. Kulo mzekelo, esi siqithi senziwa ngokungqamene. Le enemikhono zinamagama ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. IVolga balula "Volozhka". On the Northern Dvina umlambo zimele elithi "vuphukuphuku." E Don bendawo kubabiza starodone. Kwi iDanube River - "Ingalo". Le enemikhono ukuze kubaluleke yesibini. Emva koko ke zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba amajelo. Phantse zonke izinto zakhona imibhobho emva oxbows kwexesha. Njengoko mainstream iyatshintsha kokuba inqanyulwe.

bayou

Bayou - yinto ichibi okanye emlanjeni site side, kususa eziqhelekileyo. Starkey zingafunyanwa kwithafa ntyala okanye ukuwasa asezantsi. Suk 'xa ayangenana okanye ukufuna ngodongwe oyisanti enemikhono, kwakunye ezintanyeni Breakout ijikajike. Xa abafazi abadala kusoloko uphawu intsimbi yehashe imilo. Bona eqhagamshelwe kwijelo engundoqo amanzi kuphela xa ukuchitheka. Noko ke, uninzi kwixesha apho kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo. badla bebizwa amachibi yezandyondyo. Driving yinxalenye komlambo, apho ziphawulwe bonke abafazi abadala, unganikeza bengazi ukuba ukulandelela wakhangela ngayo ngaphambili. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le into itshintshiwe - imila, saguqula imilo yayo. Bayou uphendulela in the Wetlands, uze ngokupheleleyo engceni ufumile. Emva kwexesha elithile, evela kuyo kungekho mkhondo ihleli.

Izinga lomlambo

inqanaba umlambo - ukuphakama phezu kwamanzi. Eli gama lisetyenziswa phantse zonke zamanzi endalo kunye ezenziwe ngumntu. umlambo ngasinye amaxabiso ephantsi phezulu okhankanywe. Inqanaba lamanzi eliphezulu uphawulwe ngexesha onogumbe, ngokuqhelekileyo entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ekukhukuleni ekwindla kuthi. Isizathu sokuba ukuba ezi ngcinga lina. Ebusika, inqanaba lamanzi uvikivwa kwinqanaba layo liphantsi. Amaxesha amaninzi, lo mlambo uba abami kangako kunye zasehlotyeni - ngexesha lembalela elide xa imilambo ingena somlambo, eyomileyo. indikimba ngayinye lomlambo esokuba ngamnye. A ukuncipha kunye nokwanda amanzi isoloko ixhomekeke iimpawu zemozulu nesiqabu.