Zeziphi alveoli. lung alveoli

nezakhiwo yokwakheka, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli phepha ziyinxalenye iinkqubo ezimbini lomzimba womntu, le bokuphefumla yokwetyisa. Efana amaqula okanye iiseli, kufuneka isakhiwo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo histological kwaye enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngexesha embryogenesis ukuphuhlisa layers intsholongwane ezimbini - endoderm, kunye mesoderm. Le alveoli kwabantu. Ziquka inyama kwemiphunga womoya kunye nokubanzulu emathanjeni kwemihlathi eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Siye sajonga kwezi zakhiwo ngokweenkcukacha.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle iiyunithi noshowo ijwabu kwemiphunga

imiphunga Human - nesithandwa amalungu, abahlala phantse yonke isifuba kwisisu kunye ukuqinisekisa ubonelelo oksijini iiseli zomzimba kunye nokususwa obugqithisileyo icarbon dioxide namanzi. exchange igesi isigxina kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa elikhethekileyo esiqwini lung, eziquka inani elikhulu kwingxelo ezincinane saccular. udonga Buze le parenchyma kwenkqubo nokuphefumla ongathi lobusi - nantso into alveoli. Ekubeni izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngayo ubalisa ekudibaneni interalveolar ezibandakanya iileya ezimbini epithelial equlathe iiseli ezimcaba-ezimile. Phakathi kwazo uYesti collagen kunye reticular izihlunu, into intercellular kunye emithanjeni. Zonke izakhiwo ngasentla kuthiwa interstitium. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uthungelwano imithambo yegazi emiphungeni yeyona inkulu yaye branched emzimbeni womntu. Isizathu kukuba nabo nge alveoli emiphungeni inikwa carbon zothutho dioxide egazini lwemithambo kwi sayo alveolar kunye indlela ioksijini kulowo egazini.

umqobo igazi

Ezifunyenwe ngethuba inxalenye inspiratory komoya engena alveoli emiphungeni, nto leyo elibizelwe ndawonye, ngathi neqela zidiliya kwimibhobho thinnest - bronchioles. Ukusuka igazi bahlukaniswa isakhiwo triple, okusuka ka 0.1-1.5 microns, ekuthiwa umqobo air-gazi. Oku kuquka inwebu alveolar kwaye kukho icytoplasm lweziqalelo, iinxalenye endothelium kwaye imixholo ulwelo. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono oko alveoli yaye ziziphi imisebenzi yayo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukudibana yeegesi emiphungeni akwenzeki ngaphandle izakhiwo ezifana ekudibaneni interalveolar, umqobo igazi, yaye interstitium, equlethe fibroblasts, macrophage kunye leukocytes. An umsebenzi ebalulekileyo lwenziwa yi macrophage alveolar, septa alveolar amalungiselelo ngaphakathi kunye emithanjeni ezikufutshane. Apha bahlomele izinto eziyingozi kunye amasuntswana zifunyenweyo emiphungeni ngexesha inhalation. Macrophage nabo phagocytose iiseli ezibomvu nematha amadlu alveolar ukuba umntu ukuba unesifo ukusilela ngentliziyo, iimpawu ukuxinana osindwa emiphungeni.

Indlela of internal lwangaphandle

Kwiiseli ze eziphilayo banikwe oksijini kwaye likhululekile carbon dioxide ngalo igazi edlula kwinethiwekhi capillary alveolar. Emva komoya-igazi isithintelo kwicala esahlukileyo rhoqo ezihambayo oksijini icarbon dioxide ephuma acid carbonate kunye neetyuwa zayo, గుర్తులు ibhaloni anhydrase enzyme. Kungenxa kule iiseli ezibomvu. Ubukhulu kwe- nga kugwetywa ngokusekelwe la manani alandelayo: alveoli malunga 300 million ezenza izihlunu lung nama-140 m ² kwinkqubo exchange gas komhlaba kwaye unike nokuphefumla lwangaphandle. Izibakala ngasentla uchaza oko alveoli kunye nendima ekusebenzeni ngokutshintshiselana kwezinto emzimbeni wethu. Enyanisweni, kuba yinkalo engundoqo yenkqubo ukuphefumla.

isakhiwo Histological le alveoli

Kokuba esithathele ingqalelo kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo iiseli zomzimba lung, makhe ngoku ngeyantlukwano yabo iintlobo. Indlela ezakhiwe ngayo alveoli iintlobo ezimbini izinto ekuthiwa iiseli uhlobo I II. Okokuqala - a isicaba ekwaziyo adsorbing amasuntswana uthuli, umsi kunye nobunye ubumdaka, zibe emoyeni ukurhogele. An umsebenzi ebalulekileyo zenza namadyungudyungu pinocytic ezaliswe protein zeendawana. Banciphisa ngengxabano phezu alveoli kunye nokuthintela ukuba kokuwa ngexesha zingumphunga. Enye element lohlobo I iiseli - ubume wokuvala ukukhonza njenge buffer kwaye akavumeli ulwelo Embi ukungena kungena alveoli lweHo- nomoya. okweqanda uhlobo II amaqela iseli ukuba kukho icytoplasm efana amagwebu. Bona afumaneka kweendonga alveolar, ekwaziyo mitosis esebenzayo, yaye oku kubangela okutsha kunye nokukhula iiseli ijwabu semiphunga.

Alveoli in wamazinyo

Ukuqinisekisa intando phakathi kwemihlathi, leyo likwaneklinkhi ingcambu izinyo - nantso into alveoli. udonga lwayo eyenziwe izinto compact ukuba ifomu ipleyiti. Iqulethe osteocytes, kwakunye iityuwa icalcium, iphosphate, izinc kunye fluorine, ngoko ngokwaneleyo okuqinileyo kwaye womelele. Le plate iqhotyoshelwe kule imihlathi ngemiqadi ithambo kwaye parodontnye nemidzaluka imicu collagen. Kwakhona baphiwa negazi nokunxitywa luvo neziphelo. Emva ukususwa izinyo lihlala lithe tso ngamandla eludongeni inxalenye engaphandle kwezisekelo kunye zekhala ithambo. Philisani alveoli kwamazinyo iinyanga 3-5 yi ukuyilwa granulation umcu ekuqaleni, le indawo osteoid, kulandele izicwili lithambo oqolileyo kwemihlathi.