Semiconductor laser: iintlobo device, isimiso ukusebenza, ukusetyenziswa

laser semiconductor kukho umbane quantum semiconductor esekelwe medium esebenzayo, apho yokukhulisa woqondo ngu ifezekiswe enezo idaliwe kwi inguqu phakathi kwamanqanaba amandla quantum kwi enamandla aphezulu abathwali umrhumo simahla kule ndawo.

Semiconductor laser: siseko ukusebenza

Ngokwesiqhelo, inkoliso elektroni akhiwe kwi kwinqanaba valency. Ngexesha indlela energy photon elingaphezu umsantsa band ombane, semiconductor, electron nafika ngobume excitation, beqhekeza ummandla esalelweyo, ihamba ibe mipu kuyo, zigxile kwi elunxwemeni awo. Kwangaxeshanye, umngxuma eqalisiweyo kwinqanaba Valence, kukufukuka emdeni wayo eliphezulu. Electron kwindawo free recombine ezinemingxuma, obaneleyo amandla alinganayo amandla kwindawo komsipha, ngokohlobo ziluhlaza. Recombination kungenziwa ngcono photons kunye kwinqanaba ngokwaneleyo amandla. inkcazelo ngamanani elivumelana Fermi nokwabiwa umsebenzi.

device

Icebo semiconductor laser i diode laser ngomtshini electron amandla nasemingxunyeni kwindawo p-n-lenguqu - kwinqanaba zoqhagamshelwano kunye p- semiconductor conductive kwaye n-hlobo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho laser semiconductor kunye igalelo enombala namandla apho umqadi ukhandwa kukufakwa photons lwe laser ehla kokukhanya quantum, ezo zisekelwe ukuguquka ngaphakathi imimandla.

isakhiwo

iikhompawundi gumbini ezisetyenziswa laser semiconductor kunye nezinye izixhobo optoelectronic, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kaLayishe waseGalim arsenide;
• kaLayishe waseGalim phosphide;
• kaLayishe waseGalim ephuculweyo;
• phosphide indium;
• arsenide kaLayishe waseGalim indium;
• kaLayishe waseGalim aluminium arsenide;
• kaLayishe waseGalim-indium-kaLayishe waseGalim ephuculweyo;
• phosphide, kaLayishe waseGalim-indium.

bubuyisela

Ezi zihlanganisi - semiconductors ngqo-msantsa. Indirect- (electronic) ayikhuphi ukukhanya ngamandla kunye ngendlela eyaneleyo. Ombala kwimitha ye-laser diode ixhomekeke amandla amandla photon lisondela umsantsa band ye-compound ethile. I-3- no-4-component semiconductor iikhompawundi amandla band gap kungaba gqolo ezahlukahlukeneyo phezu uluhlu olubanzi. E AlGaAs = Al _x Ga _1-x Njengoko, umzekelo, ukwandisa isiqulatho aluminiyam (ukwanda x) kunesiphumo ukwanda ethubeni amandla band.

Ngoxa laser semiconductor ixhaphakileyo asebenza kwinxalenye kufutshane infrared spectrum, abanye ayikhuphi obomvu (kaLayishe waseGalim indium phosphide), nemisonto emsi okanye nemfusa (kaLayishe waseGalim ephuculweyo) imibala. I-avareji infrared semiconductor laser (elikhokelayo selenide) kunye laser ayo quantum.

semiconductors organic

Ngaphandle khompawundi ezingaphiliyo zingasentla kusetyenziswa organic. iteknoloji efanelekileyo lisephantsi yophuhliso, kodwa ke uphuhliso yayo uthembisa ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuvelisa lwe laser. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ephuhliswe kuphela laser organic kunye ngegalelo amandla kokugcina kunye nempompo sombane oluphezulu lwe okwangoku kufikelelwe.

uhlobo

Ngenxa ezininzi laser semiconductor ngeparameters ezahlukeneyo kunye nexabiso isicelo.

ama laser amancinane bavelise msebe ezikumgangatho ophezulu radiation ngoomatshini ngamandla kabani nemiqulu ukusuka ezingamakhulu ambalwa ukuya milliwatts ezingamakhulu amahlanu. nj laser diode yi imbasa ebuxande, nto leyo isebenza waveguide, ekubeni kwimitha mda kwindawo encinane. Crystal doped omabini la maqela ukwenza i PN-utshintsho indawo enkulu. Iziphelo ibengezela ukwakha resonator enombala le Fabry - interferometer Perot. Photon edlula lweHo- ukuba imitha recombination iza kunyuka, kwaye uya kuqalisa isizukulwana. Bona zisetyenziswa laser isalathisi, CD- kunye nabadlali-DVD, kwakunye fibre optic.

laser amandla ephantsi laser eziluqilima kunye kwisisu lwangaphandle odala pulses elifutshane ukuze ukuvumelanisa iziganeko.

laser semiconductor kunye kwisisu yangaphandle iqulathe i laser diode, nto leyo lidlala indima kuhlanganiselo inzuzo eliphakathi ngakumbi laser-resonator. Uyakwazi kwamaza ukutshintsha yaye elimxinwa amadlozi band.

laser Inaliti na kummandla semiconductor wokukhupha a band ebanzi, bungavelisa eliphantsi amandla umqadi umgangatho ezininzi Watts. Siqulathe maleko esebenzayo obhityileyo elahliweyo phakathi p- kunye n-umaleko, ekusekeni heterojunction kabini. Indlela yokuvalelwa sokukhanya kwicala osecaleni ilahlekile, nto leyo ebangela ellipticity umqadi ophezulu kunye nemisinga eliphezulu engamkelekanga zisembundwini wawo.

ma diode enamandla, esenokuba uluhlu lwe ode, broadband, esikwaziyo ukuvelisa kwavela laliphakathi nje amandla umgangatho kwamashumi Watts.

Ezinamandla ma onamacala-ezimbini ilight bungavelisa ngamandla amakhulu amawaka Watts.

Umphezulu-di- laser (VCSEL) esikhupha ukukhanya imveliso umqadi umgangatho milliwatts eziliqela aa Incopho nembasa. Phezu komphezulu radiation womntu nesipili resonator isicelo kwifomu lamanqanaba kwi dynes ¼ ngumtshangatshangiso kunye ezahlukeneyo indices zokunganyangeki. Kwiqhezu elinye zingenziwa amakhulu eziliqela laser, luvula ithuba yemveliso abaninzi.

C VECSEL laser igalelo amandla enombala kunye resonator lwangaphandle esikwaziyo adala msebe okulungileyo amandla komgangatho watts eziliqela kwindawo lutshixo indlela.

Umsebenzi semiconductor laser uhlobo ehla quantum ezisekelwe shintsha phakathi bands (ngokwahlukileyo kwi interband). Ezi zixhobo ihlaba kummandla phakathi spectrum infrared, maxa wambi kuluhlu terahertz. Zisetyenziswa, umzekelo, njengoko analyzers negesi.

Semiconductor laser: isicelo kunye neenkalo eziphambili

High-power diode laser kunye kakhulu ngombane anomoya yombane eliphakathi zisetyenziswa njengendlela ngempumelelo kakhulu zokuhanjiswa amandla laser karhulumente esiqinileyo.

laser semiconductor unako ukusebenza kuluhlu enkulu ezitsho equka zibonakale, kufutshane infrared kunye ophakathi yinxalenye infrared spectrum. Izixhobo yezenziwe kwakhona ukutshintsha izducheniya rhoqo.

ama laser unako ngokukhawuleza tshintshela kwaye ukuliguquguqula amandla nako esetyenziswa fibre optic imigca zonxibelelwano zidlulisele.

Ezi mpawu ziye zenza laser semiconductor ubuchwepheshe uhlobo ezibalulekileyo maser. Zisetyenziswa:

• a abenzi telemetry, pyrometers, altimeter enombala, rangefinders, izinto, holography;
• e ifayibha iinkqubo transmission enombala nokugcinwa kwedatha, iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano oyondeleleneyo;
• laser printer, ividiyo iiprojektha, ekhomba, ikhowudi ye-bha kugqibeke, umfanekiso kugqibeke,-abadlali CD (DVD, CD, Blu-Ray);
• kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko, ufihlo quantum, isilawuli esizisebenzelayo, izalathisi;
• e semetroloji okubonakalayo kunye spectroscopy;
• kutyando, bamazinyo, cosmetology, unyango;
• zokuhlanjululwa amanzi, ukuphathwa eziphathekayo, zokumpompa lwe laser karhulumente eqinileyo, ukulawula ekudibaneni kwemichiza e lokhetho mveliso, oomatshini mveliso, iinkqubo ucinezelo, kunye neenkqubo umoya zokhuselo.

ukubetha output

Uninzi semiconductor laser ivelisa umqadi ube mnye oluqhubekayo. Ngenxa yexesha elifutshane ahlala kuyo elektroni kwinqanaba Uhanjiso ukuba ayifanelekanga kakhulu adala pulses Q-watshintshela, kodwa indlela sasemthethweni esinelungelo lokuwisa esiqhubekayo msebenzi ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa amandla generator quantum. Ukongeza, laser semiconductor ingasetyenziselwa isizukulwana imowudi-ivaliwe ultrashort ukubetha okanye usuke of the inzuzo. Umyinge amandla pulses ezimfutshane, idla ngokuba ncinane ukuya milliwatts ezimbalwa ngaphandle laser VECSEL-optically ngomtshini, apho imveliso ombane kulinganiswa pulses picosecond kunye rhoqo kwi amashumi gigahertz.

Awunandaba nokuzinziswa

Inzuzo omfutshane yokuhlala electron kwi Uhanjiso band lwe laser semiconductor kukukwazi ukuliguquguqula amaza ephakamileyo babe VCSEL-laser idlula GHz-10. Iye yasetyenziswa xa idluliselwa data enombala, spectroscopy, laser sinjalo.