Zeziphi izityalo ibizwa ephezulu? Imizekelo, iimpawu kunye neempawu zezityalo eziphezulu

Ngaba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba zizityalo kuthiwa ephezulu? Olu hlobo iye awohluke yayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zinxulumene izityalo eziphezulu:

• ubulembu Club.
• Ubulembu.
• Kumila.
• Horsetails.
• Gymnosperms.
• Angiosperms.

Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-285 zezi zityalo. Zime nombutho eziphezulu kakhulu. imizimba yazo ibe yokuphuma kwaye ingcambu (ngaphandle ubulembu).

iimpawu

izityalo Higher ubomi emhlabeni. Le yokuhlala sahlukile zolwelo medium.

Iimpawu zezityalo aphezulu:

• Umzimba yenziwe izicwili kunye namaziko.
• Njengoko amalungu kwezityalo wayisa isondlo kunye nemisebenzi metabolic.
• Gymnosperms kunye angiosperms zande ngokusebenzisa imbewu.

Uninzi izityalo ophakamileyo iingcambu, isiqu namagqabi. zakhiwa imizimba yazo kunzima. Olu hlobo iye iiseli (tracheids), iimpahla, iityhubhu yokugalela, kunye coverslips zabo izihlunu zenza kwinkqubo.

Eyona nkalo iphambili izityalo aphezulu - yinto alternation ngezizukulwana. Baya kwisigaba haploid ukuya diploid, kunye vice versa.

Imvelaphi kwezityalo eziphezulu

Zonke iimpawu zezityalo ephakamileyo kubonisa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba wavela lisiza. ukufana enkulu kakhulu ulwelwe abangabameli extinct abangabakhe kwiqela phezulu. Bathanda alternation kwizizukulwana, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Kukho ingcamango yokuba izityalo ephakamileyo yavela kulo lisiza eluhlaza kunye amanzi. Eyokuqala kwavela Rhyniophyta. Xa izityalo wafudukela ilizwe, baza baqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ubulembu abazange njengokuba iphila njengoko kufuna amanzi ngohlobo kwamathana ukuba zinqongophele khona. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kuvela kwiindawo apho ukufuma.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isityalo sinwenwile ehlabathini lonke. Ingabonwa entlango, le ndawo kunye kwiindawo ezibandayo. Bakha amahlathi, imigxobhozo, amadlelo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukukhanya zeziphi izityalo ibizwa ephezulu, ungafowunela amawaka iinketho, kodwa sekunjalo zinokudityaniswa kwezinye guppies.

ubulembu

Xa nokuhlanganisa zeziphi izityalo ibizwa ephezulu, asingekhe silibale malunga ubulembu. Kwindalo, ayikhuphi-10 000 zezinto eziphila zabo. Ngokwangaphandle, esi sityalo encinane, ubude balo ayidluli-5 cm.

Ubulembu musa okwentyatyambo, babe bengenazingcambu zendeleyo, olujikeleza. Veliswa kwenzeka sikuyo. gametophyte Haploid of ubulembu ilawulwa kumjikelo wobomi. Ngaba isityalo ubomi iminyaka emininzi, kusenokuba ikho Amahlathi ezifanayo kwiingcambu. Kodwa sporophyte obufutshane-of ubulembu, oko iyoma, unembinana nje kuphela umlenze, ibhokisi apho kukho sikuyo komzimba. Ubume ezi abameli imvelo ilula, abakwazi ukuba iingcambu.

Ubulembu zidlala indima enjalo endalweni:

• Yenza biocoenosis okhethekileyo.
• Cover moss afunxa izinto radioactive, ubagcina.
• Zilawule balance kwamanzi ngenxa yomhlaba ukuba ukufunxa amanzi.
• Khusela umhlaba kukhukuliseko, evumela ngokufanayo translate ukuqengqeleka.
• Ezinye iintlobo ubulembu esetyenziselwa amayeza.
• Ukusetyenziswa sphagnum umgquba moss kwakheka.

izityalo lycopsids

Ngaphandle moss, kukho ezinye izityalo ngaphezulu. Imizekelo inokuba ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngandlel efanayo omnye komnye. Umzekelo, afana izityalo ubulembu lycopsids, kodwa kwindaleko labo eliphezulu kakhulu, njengoko oku iintlobo isigcawu. Ziqulethe neziqu, amagqabi ezincinane ziyafundiswa. Baye iingcambu kunye izihlunu nemithambo apho eza ukutya. Ubukho kwezi zinto zifana kakhulu yefeni club ubulembu.

Kwimimandla efudumeleyo, ayikhuphi ubulembu club epiphytic. Baya kulenga imithi, ukudala uhlobo limsi. Ezi zityalo babe mpikiswano efanayo.

Ezinye izityalo Lycopodiaceae kuluhlu ezisengozini.

izityalo Psilotovidnye

Olu hlobo lwesityalo akahlali unyaka omnye. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo ezimbini ngabameli le ndawo. Baye nkqo iziqu, ezifana kumila. Kodwa iingcambu zokwenene abanazo. olujikeleza ise esikhondweni ubunjwe phloem, xylem. Kodwa ke amanzi asingeni kwisityalo amagqabi-like waso.

IFotosinthesisi kwenzeka e iziqu, amasebe ukuze zenze imbewu, iguqulela ngokwamasebe zezindlu.

omfisi

Zeziphi izityalo zibizwa ephezulu nangoku? Ezi ziquka omfisi besive kwisebe olujikeleza. Ba herbaceous kunye enemithi.

Isakhiwo umzimba omfisi kubandakanya:

• Petiole.
• Sheet nembasa.
• Roots namahlumela.

Amagqabi omfisi babalwa vayyami. Isiqu sidla elifutshane, bakhula lilaphu conductive. Kidney Iingcambu ukukhula amagqabi. Bafikelela ubukhulu becala, sporulation ukwenza photosynthesis.

Kumjikelo wobomi alternating sporophyte kunye gametophyte. Kukho eminye imibono ukuba bathi yefeni ziye wavela moss. Nangona kukho oososayensi abakholelwa ukuba izityalo ezininzi ngaphezulu kuvele psilophytes.

iintlobo ezininzi omfisi zizilwanyana ukutya, abanye eziyityhefu. Nakuba kunjalo, ezi zityalo zisetyenziswa amayeza.

horsetails

Kuba izityalo ephakamileyo horsetails na. Ziqulethe amacandelo kunye nodes eyahlula kuzo Ezinye izityalo iintlobo ngaphezulu. Abameli Horsetails zifana ezinye Conifers, kweentyatyambo izityalo kwakunye nezityalo.

Le ummeli eyodwa zasendle. Bona uneempawu yawo ezifanayo nezo okuziinkozo. ubude stem ingaba iisentimitha ezininzi, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhula ukuya kwiimitha eziliqela.

gymnosperms

izityalo Of eliphezulu kwakhona ayikhuphi gymnosperms. Namhlanje, kukho izinto ezimbalwa kweentlobo zabo. Ngaphandle koku, abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo baye babonisa ukuba angiosperms bavela gymnosperms. Ubungqina zezityalo ezahlukeneyo lusabethwa Ayifumaneki. izifundo DNA yenziwa, emva koko ezinye izazinzulu ziye kwakuthe ingcamango yokuba olu hlobo loluka iqela monophyletic. Kananjalo Zahlula-hlulwe kwiiklasi ezininzi kunye amaqela.

angiosperms

Ezi zityalo kuthiwa kweentyatyambo. Baya kuba ingqondo awongamileyo. ahluke kwabanye amalungu phambi intyatyambo, esetyenziswa sizale. Zinelungelo feature - kwezichumiso kabini.

Flower itsala ukuhlakanipha arhente. Iindonga isizalo kukhula, utshintsho, ijike ibe iziqhamo. Oku kuyenzeka ukuba izichumiso sele yenzekile.

Ngoko ke, kukho izityalo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu. Imizekelo ezi zidweliswe ixesha elide, kodwa bonke apheliswe ngamaqela athile.