Ziziphi i-thermometers ngaphandle kwe-mercury

Amagatya ngaphandle kwe-mercury asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko zasekhaya nakumaziko ogqirha. Bancinci bathatha indawo ye-thermometers ye-mercury, enezinga elinyukayo leetyhefu, ukwenzela ukuba umonakalo kwiqokobhe elikhuselekileyo lingonakalisa impilo yabantu. Ifowuni efana neyonyango iyafumaneka kuwo onke amakhaya. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunceda ukucacisa ukuphambuka kokushisa komzimba ukususela kwisigqirha, okuyiyo impawu yokuqala kwesi sifo.

Umlinganiselo wokushisa

Imbali yembonakalo ye-thermometers ibuyela kumva kude. Ukuqulunqwa kubangelwa yintsimi edumile uGalileo. Yena ngokwakhe kwimiqulu yakhe ayishiyi ncam ekhankanywe kweso sixhobo, kodwa abafundi bakhe kunye nabahlali baqinisekisa ukudala i-thermobaroscope. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-thermometer kuya kubonakala kulandelelaniso lweziganeko ezilandelayo:

1. 1597 - ukuveliswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "thermobaroscope". Kwakuyi-tube ye-glass ye-diameter encinci enebhola eyayithengiswa ngaphakathi.
2. 1657 - ukongeza kwi-thermobaroscope isilinganisi esilungisiweyo kunye nokudala umbane ngaphakathi kuyo. Oku kwenziwa ngososayensi kaFlorentine.
3. 1667 - ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwezixhobo ezinjalo.
4. 1703 - i-thermometer yomoya yaphuculwa yintsimi yaseFransi i-Amonton.
5. I-1723 - i-thermometers ibonakale, imo efana neyiyo namhlanje. UFahrenheit waphumelela, wavula ihlabathi ithuba lokugcwalisa isixhobo nge-mercury. Kwimilinganiselo yokuveliswa, kwakukho iindawo eziphambili zokushisa.
6. 1742 - I- Anders Celsius ichaza imida emibini yokushisa esetyenziswe nanamhla. Oku kukushisa kwe-ice melting (0 degrees Celsius) kunye namanzi abilayo (100 degrees Celsius).

Imizamo yokudala i-thermometer epheleleyo yayininzi. Ngokomzekelo, iNkosi uBacon, uRobert Fludd kunye nezinye iinzululwazi ngokubambisana nabo bathetha ngokubaluleka kokuveliswa kwe-thermometer yomoya. Uyaziwa nguSalorio, ososayensi wase-Italy, owakwazi ukwenza isixhobo esilungiselelwe ukulinganisa ukushisa komzimba womntu. Impendulo yodwa yiparameters enkulu kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele i-thermometer uKelvin, enesicelo esibanzi kwintsimi yesayensi.

Ukwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-thermometers. Azisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango kuphela, kodwa nakwimveliso kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuncediswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa ubushushu bamanzi okanye umoya.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga kweemeralm thermometers

Isixhobo esinjalo sisitampu sesincinci esincinci, ekupheleni kwayo inkunkuma kunye ne-mercury. Konke oku kutywinwe kwigobolondo elingenakunqandwa, ukukhusela ekungeneni kwezinto eziyingozi kwiimeko.

Iintlobo zeemitha zokushisa ze-mercury ziquka:

• Ukukhululeka kokusetyenziswa;
• Ubude bexesha;
• Ukungalungi kwesicelo (ukuzimisela ukushisa ngomlomo, emacaleni, kwi-axillary okanye inguinal);
• Ukuchaneka okuphezulu;
• Ixabiso elamkelekileyo;
• Ukucima ukulula.

Xa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinjalo kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwimpembelelo engummiselo, kubandakanya ukungakhutshwa kwe-disinfection ngokubilisa, njengoko bebuthathaka kakhulu. I-mercury ifowuni ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-thermometer ekhuselekileyo" ngenxa yobunobungakanani bezinto ezikuyo, okwenza lolu hlobo lwe-thermometer lufunwa kakhulu kwiimeko zokusebenza. Ukukhupha ezo zixhobo ze-thermometers njenge "intengiso ekhethekileyo", ngoxa ngexesha elifanayo ukubonelela ukukhusela kwezandla nokutshisa igumbi.

Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa ngama thermometer ye-mercury kuthatha ixesha elide, oku kuthatha malunga nemizuzu eyi-10. Ngenxa yoko, i-thermometer enjalo kubantwana, abaneminyaka yabo engavumelekanga ukuba bachaze imfuneko yokuhlala ngokuthula, ayifanelekanga.

Ziziphi i-thermometers ngaphandle kwe-mercury

Iifomometers zokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingahluke . Inketho eqhelekileyo ngotywala. Ngaphandle, zifana ne-mercury, umlinganiselo kuphela umbala wezinto ezibhalwe kwitanki. I-Mercury i-silvery, kwaye utshwala bunemibala ebomvu ngoncedo lweedayi.

Kukho i -thermometers yekhompyutha kunye ne- infrared; Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, njenge-thermometer yabantwana abancinci, ezenziwe ngolu hlobo.

Thermometers ze-elektroniki

Ezi zi-thermometers ngaphandle kwe-mercury zavela kwiivenkile zamachiza kutshanje. Izixhobo ezinjalo zisebenza ngenxa yobukho bentetho ekhethekileyo kubo. Iimodeli zolu hlobo ziyahlukahluka ngokwemiqathango yemisebenzi (izindlu ezingenakwenzeka, iimpawu zomsindo, imemori, ukulungiswa kwedatha yemilinganiselo emininzi yakutshanje, kunye nobukho beefotyi ezinobumba).

I-thermometer engekho-mercury inezibonelelo ezilandelayo:

• U khu seleko;
• Ukukhawuleza;
• Ukuhlukahluka koyilo lwangaphandle;
• Ubukho bobuboniso;
• Ixabiso elamkelekileyo;
• Uhlobo lohlobo olubanzi.

Ezinye iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi kuxhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni kweso sixhobo kunye neendleko zayo.

Phakathi kweziphene ziyakwazi ukuqaphela ipesenti ethile yephutha, eyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yendawo yesicelo, kunye nesidingo emva kwesignali esisandileyo ukubamba i-thermometer ye-mercury ngaphandle kweengalo ixesha elithile. Umzekelo, abantwana abanalo monde. Akufanele sikulibale ngokutshintshwa kwebhetri rhoqo. Ukuba ayingekho - ifowuni inokuthi "ihlale phantsi" ngexesha elibi kakhulu.

I-thermometers yotywala yamhla

Iziganga ngaphandle kwe-mercury, ezibandakanyiweyo kule nqanaba zibhekwa njengezona zithandwa kakhulu. Utywala buzo zonke iimfuno ze-mercury, kodwa ngokungafani nabo zikhuselekile. Abayidingi ibhetri okanye amanye amandla angaphezulu. Ziyakubonisa uhlobo lokunciphisa phakathi kwezixhobo ezingapheliyo kunye nezobuhlalutya zokulinganisa ubushushu.

Utshalo olutsha lwezokwelapha lunokuqwalaselwa njenge-thermometers ye-infrared. Zihlelwe kwiziko lokungcola. Amagatya ayinakuqhagamshelana, indlebe okanye phambili. Isicelo - ngokungqongqo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzisweni okujoliswe kuyo. Xa kudala ezi zixhobo, iindleko zokudlulela kwangaphambili kwe-thermometer zithathwa ingqalelo kwaye iziphoso zabo zapheliswa. Ngenxa yoko, sithole imveliso ebonakalayo:

• U khu seleko;
• Phantse umlinganiselo wesantya (akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emihlanu);
• I mpazamo encinci;
• Ukusetyenziswa;
• Ukusebenza.

Phakathi kweempazamo: ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokungenakwenzeka kokulawulwa kwamaritha.

Iimpometha zamanani aphezulu kubantwana

I-thermometers yabantwana ngaphandle kwe-mercury yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba linomlenze we-nipple. Ingane yakho ayiyi kuphazamiseka, kwaye unokukwazi ukulinganisa ukushisa kwayo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-3-4, ixabiso layo liza kuboniswa kwisiboniso esikhethekileyo. Umphumo wemibala uyakukuvumela ukuba uqonde imeko yomntwana ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba ukuphambuka kwinto eqhelekileyo, ingono ithola umbala obomvu, kwaye ukuba igcinwa luhlaza.

Kwakhona kukho iindidi zethempe ezilula ukuzithwala. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezizodwa, umzekelo, kwindalo okanye ngohambo. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla abaqhelekanga, kuba barekhoda kuphela iqondo lokunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa, kodwa banganiki ixabiso langempela.

Ngokubanzi, indlela yokuchonga ubushushu bomzimba inokufunyanwa kuwo wonke umntu kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ufuna nje ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.