Ziziphi iinkalo zezulu ze-Australia? E-Australia: imozulu, indawo yeezulu kunye neendawo

E-Australia - umhlaba, owawufundwa ngabantu baseYurophu kungekudala, kude kwaye akuqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, itholakala ngokupheleleyo kwenye indawo, kwaye yinto encinane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukufunda iimpawu zayo kuya kuba mnandi kubo bonke abafuna ukucinga ngemozulu kunye nobume beendawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.

IJografi yelizwekazikazi

U-Australia uvela kwi-Latin australis , oku kuthetha "ukuma". Ngaloo ndlela, igama lelizwekazi lihambelana ngqo nendawo yalo. Indawo ekumantla ephezulu kwilizwekazi laseKapa. UMzantsi-East Point usezantsi. Ngentshonalanga, i-Australia iphela kwiStape Point, nakumaMpuma - Byron. Ubude belizwekazi liyiikhilomitha ezingama-3200 ukusuka enyakatho ukuya eningizimu. Ukususela entshonalanga kuya empuma, uhlala kuma-4 100 km. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba i-Australia yabonakala kwiimephu. Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nelizwekazi liye lafumaneka ngenxa yeendlela ezininzi zokufumanisa. Umphathi weNgesi uMathemthe Flinders wayiqulunqa ngokupheleleyo waza wanika isihloko. Ijografi yelizwekazi liquka iinkalo ezininzi zeemozulu kunye nemimandla yendalo, nganye iyakuxabisa ngokuqwalasela ingqalelo. Eli lizwekazi liqela lamaqithi - iMelville, iBathurst, iTasmania, iGroote Island, iDerk-Hartog, iFilinders, iFraser ne-Kangaroo.

Amanzi malunga nelizwe

Ubukho bezilwandle buchaphazela ngqo imozulu e-Australia. Imifula namachibi adlala indima. Ihlabathi alinakunxibelelana namanye amazwekazi, lihlanjwe ngamanxweme asePacific naseNdiya. Ngasenyakatho iilwandle - iArafura neTimor. I-gulf enkulu yiCpentpentum. Kuhlangene nolwandle olusezantsi nolusentshonalanga olululayo lwama-shallow ngaphandle kwemigudu ekhethiweyo. Ukusuka empuma, i-Australia ihlanjwe ngamanxweme aseCoral naseTasman, ukukhululeka okubandakanya izitya ezinzulu. Phakathi kwesiqithi seqithi kukho iindawo zokuhamba. Ubunzulu babo bunokufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezilishumi.

Siqhubeka nencoko yethu ngelizwekazi elifana ne-Australia. Imozulu yemozulu, iinkalo zezulu kunye neendawo zeli zwekazi esiza kuziqwalasela.

Isimo sezulu seSuququatorial

Umtya wololu hlobo lwemozulu lubandakanya umntla nenyakatho-mpuma. Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga neebhanti apho i-Ostraliya ikhona khona, isimo sengqondo se-subequatorial kufuneka sichazwe kuqala kunye nesimo sezulu esitshatyalaliswayo. Lo mmandla uhlukaniswe ngumbono omncinci wamaqondo okushisa anyaka kunye neqondo elimangalisayo lomvula, ngamanye amaxesha lifikelela kuma-millimitha angaphezu kwama-2000. Baziswa emhlabathini ngentshontsho. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke into eyenzekayo ehlobo. Ngenkathi yebusika, umoya omile, umoya ovuthayo ovela kwilizwekazi uphupha, ngamanye amaxesha ungakhokelela ekomeni.

Mozulu

Ukuphendula umbuzo, apho iindawo zeenkomfa zase-Australia zifumaneka khona, ungalibali malunga nalo mqulu. Ngokukodwa kwilizwe libonakaliswe ngeendlela ezimbini. Imozulu yomshushu yomshushu iyaziwa ngummandla osempuma ophezulu, ochaphazelekayo ngumoya wokurhweba kwempuma-mpuma. Iimimoya zorhwebo zithwala iindawo zomoya zoLwandle lwasePacific ukuya kwilizwe, zinyusa umhlaba ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngokomyinge, ukuya kwi-1500 millimeters yeempompo ewela apha. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu ineqondo lokushisa kwama-degrees angamashumi amabini anesihlanu, kwaye enye ebanda kakhulu ishumi elinesithathu.

Ukuqwalasela apho iindawo zeenkomfa ze-Australia zifumaneka khona, asifanele sikhohlwe malunga nefuthe le-relief-ngokuba iGran Dividing Range iindawo eziphezulu zomoya ziyanzima ukungena, ngoko ke kuninzi imvula iyawela kwiintlambo ezisentshonalanga kunye neentaba. Kwindawo kunye nasentshonalanga yintlango yemozulu yempuphu ephakathi kwamaqondo asebusika asebushushu ama-degrees amathathu kunye nobusika obufanayo njengoluhlobo lwangaphambili. Yintoni imimoya e-Australia kwindawo yenkangala? Kukho indawo eshushu kakhulu. Endaweni yomzi ogama linguAlice Springs, ukushisa kwimihla yasehlobo kunokunyuka kube kunye nemashumi mane anesihlanu, uze uwele ebusuku ngezantsi. Le mimandla ifumana ama-millimitha angama-300 emvula yamanzi ngonyaka. Ngamanye amaxesha imvula ingabi neminyaka emininzi.

Ibhanti ephantsi komhlaba

Isimo sezulu esitshatyalaliswayo sihlulwe sibe iintlobo ezintathu-iMedithera, i-humid ne-continental. Iyokuqala yindawo esezantsi-ntshona-ntshona. Oku, ngokucacileyo egameni, lifana neemeko zamazwe aseYurophu - iFransi neSpain. Imozulu yaseMeditera ibonakaliswa ngushyuko olushushu nolomileyo. Ubusika apha bunomswakama kwaye bufudumele. Umlinganiselo waminyaka yonke weqondo lokushisa kuncinci: ukusuka kwi-+23 degrees ngoJanuwari ukuya kwi-12 ngoJuni. Ukunqumla kuya kuma-millimitha ayiwaka. Kwindawo yezulu yelizwekazi, iNew South Wales neAdelaide zikhona. Iinkalo eziphambili zelo ndawo ziyingqinqa yamanzi kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa komnyaka. Ekugqibeleni, isimo sezulu esinyameko sezulu sisimo seVictoria kunye nasentshonalanga. Imozulu epholileyo ilapha apha kunye nemvula eninzi. Ehlobo, ubushushu bufika +24, kwaye ubusika buya kuma-degrees ama-15. Imimandla yasemaphandleni inkulu ekukhuleni imifuno neziqhamo, ukutywala iinkomo zeebisi okanye izimvu.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba zeziphi iinkalo ze-climatic kwilizwe lonke laseAustralia, kwaye unokuqwalasela ezinye iinkcukacha.

Indawo yeentlango kunye neentlango ezinqamlekileyo

Ukongeza kwimozulu, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela le mimandla yemvelo. Imozulu apho u-Australia ikhona khona inokuchaphazela le mimandla. Ngaloo ndlela, enye yezona ndawo eziqhelekileyo ziyiindawo eziqhankqalazo kunye neendawo ezinqabileyo zendawo ehlala entlakazi yelizwekazi. Ukuhamba kwimozulu kusenza kubonakale kuncedo oluthile. Lo mmandla uhlukaniswa ngolo hlobo olunjengeJig Sand, iSimpson, i-Greater Victoria. Zibonakaliswe ngamaqondo aphezulu aphezulu emini kunye namaqabunga asemini ebusuku. Ukwahlukana phakathi kweentlango zase-Australia kunye nabanye abaninzi balele kwimeko yokuba kukho ubuninzi obuninzi bendalo. Imfuyo ihluphekile. Kwindawo yeentlango kunye neentlango ezinqumlayo kukho i-antelopes, i-marsupials, i-hyenas, iimpungushe. Ukunciphisa iindidi zeerboa kunye neerber, kunye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo. Kwinqaba ehleliweyo ihlala inani elikhulu lezilwanyana kunelo ndawo.

Indawo yasehlathi yase-Equatorial

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, apho iindawo ze-climo zase-Australia zifumaneka khona, zichaphazela imimandla yemvelo edibeneyo apha. Ummandla wehlathi lonxweme omanzi ufumaneka kwicala lasempuma lase-Australia. Ukwenza intsimi enjalo, ukuthungqwa okuphezulu kunye nesikhukhula kwimali engaphezu kwamawaka amabilimitha ngonyaka kuyafuneka. Iqondo lokushisa elitshisayo lingaphezulu kwama-degrees angamashumi amabini, kwaye loo mvula yemvula inikezelwa ngamaritha afudumeleyo. Kulo mmandla kukho amanani amaninzi ezityalo kunye nomphezulu ofikelela kwimitha engamashumi amane. I-eucalyptus yase-Australia ifikelela kwikhulu elinamanci! Izityalo zemihlaba enamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu ahlala eluhlaza unyaka wonke. Apha uhlala iintlobo zeenyoka, amaxoxo, izigulane, izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane. Izilwanyana zihlala zihluke ngobukhulu obukhulu (umzekelo, ii-koalas). Kukho neenkwenkwezi. Izilwanyana ezininzi azikwazanga ukuhamba kumanqanaba aphantsi okanye aphezulu aloo ndawo, azaliswe ngamasebe anqamlekileyo, amagqabi amakhulu kunye nezihlahla ezinkulu zemithi.

Zone Savannah

Umlinganiselo apho umhlaba wase-Australia uhlala khona kwiindawo ze-climatic ivumela ukuba ihluke kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zendawo. Ngokomzekelo, i-sandstone savannah, esenyakatho, luhlobo oluthile lokutsala. Okwangoku ukusuka kwiintaba zomlambo womlambo lo mmandla, ngenxa yolu hlobo lwezikhukhula ezikhulayo. Ngoko kukho i-savanna enomanzi eneempembelelo zamahlathi emvula kunye nezihlahla ezincinci. Nantsi ikhula ininzi yengca kunye nezihlahla. Ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi indawo yeenkomfa kwilizwe lase-Australia elisezantsi, umntu akanakumangaliswa yinto ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ipaki kazwelonke eyaziwayo kwihlabathi eliphantsi kwegama elithi "Kakadu" alinakwenzeka ukuba lingayiboni. Le ndawo iyimimangaliso kunye neendawo ezintombi zityalo.