22800 "iKarakurt": iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuyila

Iinqanawa zaseMpiya ziyingxenye zezona zinto zixabisekileyo zamandla empi kwelizwe ngalinye, ngoko ke iinjongo zehlabathi ezikhokelayo zihlala zisebenza ngokuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweeprojekthi ezinokusebenza kunye nangaphezulu. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuba uMlambo waseRussia ungowona unamandla kunene kwihlabathi, kodwa kule nkqubela inkqubela ayizange iyeke kwindawo enye. Iinjineli zaseRashiya zisebenzela ukwenza uMbutho wamaRashiya unamandla kwaye unamandla unyaka wonke. Yingakho ngo-2015, kwaye yaziswa ngeprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt", equka ukwakhiwa kwamacandelo amabutho omkhosi angamashumi amabini anesigqeba esinobuchule, eya kuxhasa uMbutho weNavy. Nangona kunjalo, zeziphi iiyunithi? Ziziphi iimpawu zabo zobugcisa? Ziziphi iimpawu zabo zoyilo? Kule nqaku uza kufunda yonke into malunga neprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt".

Malunga neprojekthi

Okokuqala, sifanele siqonde ukuba yintoni iprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt". Olu hlobo lwekhowudi luza kuthwala iinqanawa ezincinane ezihamba ngeenqanawa zokuhamba, ezinokusebenza kwindawo yolwandle esondele. Ngokwezigaba ezithile ezi nqanawa zichazwe njenge "corvettes encinci". Ziye zenzelwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi yemikhosi kwinqanaba elwandle elisondeleyo, kunye nemilambo, ukwenzela ukuba banikwe isigaba somlambo olwandle olunemiqathango. Kwakhona, "iKarakurts" iya kwenza imisebenzi ethile ngexesha loxolo, ngoko kunzima ukugqithisa ukubaluleka kwesi sigqibo. Yingakho ngoku uya kufumana zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga neprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt": ukusuka kwimbali yokuvela kwayo kunye nokuphela kokuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yangoku.

Imbali yeprojekthi

Imbali yeprojekthi 22800 iKarakurt ayikho ixesha elide, okokuqala ngethuba linikezelwa kuluntu kuphela ngo-2015. Nangona kunjalo, iingcambu zaso zijonge kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Inyaniso kukuba isiseko sale projekthi yi- rocket ngqanawa yesiqwenga "Scorpion", esakhiwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90 kunye neyokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, le projekthi ayiphumelelanga njengoko yayilungiselelwe. I-"Scorpion" kuphela, eyayibekwe kwimveliso ngo-2001, ayizange ifakwe. Impembelelo enkulu kwi "Karakurt" nayo yenziwa yinto ethandwa kakhulu ekufikeni kwinqanawa encinane ye-rocket "Buyan-M", esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiLwandle laseCaspian. Nangona kunjalo, kusebenza ngakumbi kwimilambo nakumanzi amancinci, ngoko ke kwiimeko zolwandle oluvulekileyo awubonakali iimpawu zayo ezilungileyo. Kwakungenxa yokuncedisa ukusebenza kwe-Buyanov, kwaye ukuveliswa kweKarakurts bekucwangciswe, okufuneka ukuba yindlela efanelekileyo yolwandle kwi-Buyans. Ingqikithi, kwisakhelo seprojekthi 22800 iKarakurt, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa ezili-18 kucwangcisiwe, kodwa ngeenkcukacha ezingaphezulu ziza kuchazwa kancinci kamva, ngoku kuyafaneleka ukugxila kwizinto eziphambili zezobugcisa zeso sikhephe, emva kwexesha eliza kubonwa ngekamva leMkhoma wamaRashiya.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaphambili, iinqanawa ezincinci zeprojekti 22800 eKarakurt ayinayo indawo enkulu yokufuduka-iitoni ezingama-800. Ngexesha elifanayo ubude belo nqanawa emva kokugqitywa kwesakhiwo sokuqala kuya kufumana iimitha ezingamashumi mathandathu, ngelixa ububanzi balo buba ngamamitha ayishumi. Ukukhupha umkhumbi, oko kukuthi, ubungakanani obuya kuthi lube ngaphantsi komhlaba, buyiimitha ezine. Ukufakela esi sikhokelo kuya kuba yi-injini ye-diesel-electric, kwisantya esiphezulu se-"Karakurt" iya kuba ngamashumi amathathu. Kwakhona kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwezinye iimpawu ezimbini: ububanzi kunye nokuzimela kokuhamba. Isiqalo sokuqala sibonisa ukuba inqanawa ingahamba njani ngaphandle kwe-refueling, kwaye okwesibini lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba inqanawa iya kuba nakho ukuhlala emanzini avulekileyo, kungakhathazeki ukuba unxweme ukuze uzalise iimpahla. Uluhlu lokuhamba kule modeli luya kuba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-2, kunye nokuzimela kokuhamba-malunga neentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Njengoko ubona, ngokwemiqathango yobugcisa, iphrojekthi ye-22800 "iKarakurt" inqanawa ye-rocket iyasebenza kakuhle, i-compact kwaye inamandla amakhulu. Kodwa kuthekani ngezixhobo zakhe, eziza kuxhotyiswa ngazo?

Amandla

Ukuba sithetha ngeengcambu zeprojekthi ye-rocket yeprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt", ngoko kukho amaqela ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo okukhankanywe ngawo, ngalinye elo lifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Okokuqala, emkhombeni kuya kuba nezixhobo ze-radar ngendlela ye-radar "iMamineral-M". Okwesibini, kuya kuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo zomsakazo ngekhompyutha: ngexesha elifanayo, i-Karakurt iya kuxhotyiswa kunye ne-Trass-E kunye nolawulo lwe-Sigma-E. Okwesithathu, iqela eliphambili eliza kubakho liza kubakho ukufakwa kweefayili ezisibhozo zokusungulwa kweZS14. Okwesine, ayiyi kuyenza ngaphandle kompu wezixhobo: kuya kuba nokukhethwa phakathi kwe-100-millimeter kunye no-76-millimeter ukufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwesihlanu, kuya kuba ne-anti-aircraft artillery. Ngenxa yale mi sebenzi ikhethiweyo ye-"Pantsir-M" yinkqubo yokulwa neenqwelo-moya. Njengoko ubona, iphrojekthi ye-22800 "i-Karakurt" nqanawa iya kuba nezixhobo ezixhobile kakuhle, kodwa ngakumbi malunga namandla ayo okulwa aya kuxelwa kamva kamva.

Iimpawu zakhiwo zezindlu

Inqanawa nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neempawu eziyingqayizivele ezahlukileyo kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kungaba indawo yamasti, izibhamu, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwanoma yiphina into kunye nokunye. Umkhumbi we-22800 "iKarakurt" unemiba emininzi, kwaye ebaluleke kakhulu kubo bakhathalela ukuyila kwe-hil kunye nezinto ezakhiwa kuyo. Njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, le nqanawa iya kufana neemeko ezininzi kwi "Buyans", ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiNavy Navy. "Buyan" ibuye i- rocket launcher, ekhoyo ngasemva kwe-superstructure, kuphela kuphela ekhoyo kwinqanaba ledayimani. Ngokuphathelele "iKarakurt", kwimeko yale nqanawa ukufakwa kuyo kuya kufakwa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho ebhodini le-mast edibeneyo, apho kuya kwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-antennas eziyingxenye yenkxalabo ye-radar. Nangona kunjalo, i-MRK yeprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt" inemisebenzi eninzi, ekufuneka ixelelwe ngokwahlukileyo.

Ukufakelwa kwamandla

Enye yezinto ezintle kakhulu zeprojekti ye-IRA iKarakurt 22800 isityalo sayo. Kwiinqanawa ezahlukeneyo, unokufumana iinjini ezahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nomzekelo osondeleyo, okhankanywe kwinqaku ngaphezu kweyodwa, ngoko kuphela injini ye-dizeli. Ngokuphathelele "iKarakurt", kulo mzekelo injini i-diesel-electric, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqhubekeni kuyo yonke imiba, kubandakanywa ububanzi kunye nokuzimela kokuhamba (ngokubhekiselele kwiparameter yokugqibela, "iKarakurt" idlula "uBuyan" kangangeentsuku ezintlanu). Injini yesizukulwana esitsha seprojekthi 22800 "iKarakurt" ikhiqizwa kwisityalo sasekhaya "iZvezda" kwaye sinokuba yinto yonke efana neenqanawa ezinjalo ngokuzayo.

Izixhobo zeSixhobo

Ukuqwalasela ukuba le nqanawa yinqanawa yokulwa, kuxabiseke ngakumbi ukuchaza ingxaki yezixhobo zayo. Njengoko usenokuba uqonde ukuqala, iimbambano ezikuloo mkhombe ziya kuba zihluke kakhulu, ezenza imodeli eninzi. Isixhobo esiyinhloko, ngokuqinisekileyo, siya kuba ngumthumeli wesigxina esiphezulu esingasetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa ii-rockets zeentsapho "i-Onyx" kunye ne "Caliber". Ngokumalunga nokuxhaswa kweenqwelo, ukulungiswa kokugqibela akukavunywanga, kodwa, mhlawumbi, mhlawumbi i-100 mm A-190 okanye i-AC-A-76 ye-76-mm iya kuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo. Ukuba ukhetho lwesibini luvunyiweyo, iiyunithi ezimbini zokuncedisa izixhobo ze-AK-630 ziya kunika umbane owongezelelweyo kumpu obuthaka. Kwakhona, kukho isiphakamiso sokuba umpu omkhulu wombutho uza kuba yi-57-millimeter i-AU-A-220M, kodwa olu khetho lubonakala luncinci. Ngokubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kweenqwelo-moya, inqaku lokugcina le-gun anti-aircraft "iPantsir", kodwa kukho amahemuhemu ukuba endaweni yayo inokuba yiZrach "Palash". Ngonyaka ozayo, impendulo yalo mbuzo ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibonakale, ngoko ke kukufanelekile ukulinda ukubonakala kwemikhumbi yokuqala ekulungisiweyo eyenziwe kwisikhokelo sale projekthi. Ngexesha xa liya kuqaliswa, kuya kuxutyushwa kamva.

KuLwandle

Sekuye kwachazwa ngentla apha ukuba iinqanawa zale modeli ziza kuvuya ngokubhekiselele kolwandle ngokuthelekisa nezihlobo zabo eziseduze, i-Buyans. Iinjineli ezenzile ingxelo yeKarakurt ukuba isizathu sokuba i-Buyans isetyenziswe ikakhulukazi kwimida yolwandle, kunye nemimandla yomlambo, okokuthi, abayidingi umgama omkhulu wokubala kunye nokuzimela kokuhamba. Ngokumalunga neKarakurts, zicetywayo ukuba zisetyenziswe elwandle oluvulekileyo, ngoko ke zazifuna ukulungelelanisa kolwandle, oluya kuba yinto yazo ebonakalayo eyona nto.

Iqhwithi

Ngoko, ufunde zonke iinkcukacha malunga neprojekthi 22800, ene-encryption "iKarakurt". Ngoku lixesha lokunyamekela iinqanawa ezithile ezisekwakha. Eyokuqala kubo yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Iqhwithi". Imveliso yayo yaqalwa ngoDisemba 24, 2015 kwi-plant yasePella. Zonke iinqanawa zeprojekti yaseKarakurt ziya kuveliswa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokufaka endaweni yokungena. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo kuzo ziya kudibana kwizityalo zasekhaya. "Iqhwithi" iya kulungiselelwa iNorthern Fleet ye-VIF yaseRussia. Kucetywayo ukuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kuya kugqitywa ngo-2017.

Isiqhwithi

Ngomhla ofanayo, ngoDisemba 24, ukwakhiwa kwekhefu yesibini yale projekthi kwaqalwa kwisityalo esifanayo sePela. Wanikwa igama elithi "Isiqhwithi". Uya kuthunyelwa kwiNorthern Fleet yoMkhosi wamaRashiya emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka emva kancinci: ukuqaliswa kwekhefu yesibini kulungele ukulungiselela u-2018 esikhundleni se-2017.

"Isiqhwithi"

Ngokubhekiselele kwinqanawa yesithathu, kukhishwe emfanekisweni. Inyaniso kukuba umbane "uLwandle" eFoodsiya waba nelungelo lokuvelisa. Akuyi kuveliswa kuMntla, kodwa kwi-Black Sea Fleet yoMkhosi wamaRashiya. Kwenzeke ngolweshumi kaMeyi, ngo-2016, kwangokunjalo ukwakhiwa kwe "Storm" kwaqala. Ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso esithunyelweyo, umveliso kulindeleke ukuba ugqitywe unyaka kamva, ngo-2019.

"Squall"

NgoJulayi 29, 2016, ukuveliswa kwesine "iKarakurt", ebizwa ngokuba yi "Shkval." Le nqanawa iya kwakhiwa kwintlobo yasePella kwaye, njengeminye iinqanawa eziza kwenziwa apha, iya kwinkampu ye-Northern Fleet. Ukwakhiwa okugqityiweyo kweSkvala kuya kuba ngo-2019, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba yinqanawa yokugqibela yeprojekti 22800 eveliswe kwisityalo sePela.

Izicwangciso eziqhubekayo

Njengoko uqonda kakuhle, yonke into ayinakupheleliswa kwiinqanawa ezine: kucetywayo ukuvelisa ii-corvettes ezininzi kule projekthi enkulu. Ngaphambili kwakutshiwo ukuba kuya kuba neenqwelo ezi-18 zolu hlobo, kodwa ngoku le ngcaciso ayifakwanga okwamanje. Kuza kube ngoku, ngokuqikelele ngokubanzi, ngaphezu kweenqanawa ezine kwimveliso, ezinye ezisibhozo ziya kwenziwa. Abathathu kubo sele befumene umyalelo ukusuka kwisityalo sePella, esele senziwa ngokuveliswa kweeKarakurts ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela into yokuba "isityalo" sathengwa nguPella, ngoko mhlawumbi ezinye zezi myalelo (mhlawumbi zonke ezo zintathu) ziya kutshintshwa kwisityalo kwi-Feodosia. Kuthekani malunga neenqanawa ezihlanu? Ngomhla ka-Agasti 3, 2016, bafumana umyalelo ovela kwiShipyardard yaseZelenodolsky ogama lingu-AM Gorky. Ukusebenza kwimveliso yabo akukaqalwanga, kodwa ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo uMlambo uza kuba neenqanawa ezitsha ezilishumi elinesibini kwaye zanamhlanje sele zingenakukhutshwa. Kwaye ukuba iphrojekthi ye-22800 iya kuphumelela, ngoko kwenzeka ukuba ireyithi yokuqala yeenqanawa ezilishumi elinesibhozo iya kuzaliseka, mhlawumbi ize izaliseke. Akukwanakwenzeka ukuba u-Pella uya kufumana amagosa angakumbi okwenza i-Karakurts, nokuba ingafumana izityalo zikaZelenodolsk okanye amanye amabhizinisi aza kudibaniswa nokuveliswa kwalo hlobo lwenqanawa. Ihlala ikulinda umzuzu xa i-"Karakurt" yokuqala iza kuqaliswa kumanzi ngo-2017 kwaye ingahlolwa kwiimeko zangempela ukuze iqonde ukuba lukhulu kangakanani le projekthi kuza kuba yintoni na elizayo.