A Uhlalutyo zoncwadi emfutshane: "wobuyiselo" (Mayakovsky). Features izibongo yombhali

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iimpawu zombongo Russian ka 1920, ukuba unalo uhlolo loncwadi eSoviet nohlalutyo yayo. "Wobuyiselo" (Mayakovsky - umbhali walo mbongo) ngokumalunga noku umdla kakhulu, kuba kuyo imbongi yabonisa imbono yakhe noncwadi bamandulo mihla. Yaye yokomfuziselo, njengesiqhelo uhlobo wakhe ntlandlolo, ushwankathelwa ngobomi lwakhe lwesihobe kweli nqanaba.

prehistory

Kuba ukuqonda imbongi bakugqala omnye imisebenzi ezibalulekileyo umbhali, baya kuqhuba uhlalutyo yayo. "Wobuyiselo" Mayakovsky wabhala ngo-1924, kanye ngelo kanye ngexesha xa ngandlel ezihlaziyiweyo izimvo zakhe yoncwadi lwamandulo. Ukudalwa lo msebenzi kufuneka kuhlangene ukuba ukubhalwa kwabo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo a Futurists iphamflethi, ngubani wabiza ukulibala wempumelelo yoncwadi lwamandulo, kuzakulahla lonke owayesakuba abasemagunyeni ubudala aze aqalise ukwenza ulwimi olutsha kunye nemibongo.

Eli phecana, wadala umoya indleko yexesha lakhe, Noko ke, yaba sisikhalo yoluntu, ekubeni ababhali abaninzi, nakuba bekhangele lweefomu ezintsha ngokupheleleyo yokuthetha iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zabo, kodwa nokuba swi nga ezakudala, okanye nentlonelo ubuncinane kubo. Mayakovsky kunye nabalandeli bakhe ndamgqala eyahlukileyo yaye izikhundla ezinkulu kakhulu kuvuselelo uncwadi. Noko ke, emva kweshumi leminyaka, umbhali kuye kwewebhu sengqondo wayo yoncwadi lwamandulo, lokubonakala kumsebenzi wakhe omtsha.

on Pushkin

Njengoko isihloko sombongo kufuneka uqale uhlolo kunye nokuhlaziywa. "Wobuyiselo" (Mayakovsky ukuze ngokufuziselayo wambiza ngokuba wayekude 125 iminyaka yokuzalwa Pushkin) siqala kubhekiswa Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Ibhalwe uphawu ngendlela umsondezo wakhe familiarly ukuthetha intliziyo entliziyweni. Sele kule isibheno novelwano ka Mayakovsky, "ilanga kwimibongo Russian". Nangona ithoni kunokuba eziqhelekileyo, umbhali kunjalo nentlonelo kakhulu uthetha Pushkin, uliqonda impumelelo yakhe kuphuhliso loncwadi Russian ngokubanzi kunye nemibongo ngokukodwa. Yena uzibeka nayo kwinqanaba elifanayo, kwaye liva kabuhlungu xa imbongi wayephila ngexesha elahlukileyo. Kulo mzamo ngoko nangoko ukuze igama lakho ecaleni Pushkin umnqweno kubonakala lombhali beze ngokoMthetho kunye lomculo. Mayakovsky nokuxolisa ku Aleksandrom Sergeevichem ngenxa iincwadana zabo, besithi ukuba ngoku zonke ezi iinkanuko zobutsha igqithile kuye.

Kwelinye iimbongi

Ukongeza Pushkin, imbongi unika uqikelelo kunye ngaphambili kunye bomhla. Ngokomzekelo, imncoma Nekrasov ngenxa yokuba waba 'lomfo babo ", nangona yokugqibela kwakhona wabhala uthando theka lyrics, nto leyo umelana Mayakovsky, ucinga ukuba ayiyomfuneko kwaye engenamsebenzi ze olululo. Ukuhlola imeko kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso zesihobe eSoviet kufuneka kuqatshelwe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye ukubamba uhlalutyo yombhalo. "Wobuyiselo" (Mayakovsky kule sincoko unika uqikelelo yoncwadi Russian) ithatha kule ndlela, indawo ekhethekileyo. Kwakhona wakhankanya imbongi Yesenin, ezithe zasebenzisana kunokuba kabukhali. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ideologically zichasene: eyahlukileyo kakhulu Wagqitywa ke umsebenzi aba bantu.

inani

Ithatyathwa imveliso ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngendaleko kwezimvo imbongi yakhe. Mayakovsky iyonke sele wahlala enyanisekile kwimigaqo yakhe, ayile, oko ungamshiyi ukuqonda kwimibongo njengendlela enamandla kumzabalazo olululo kunye inguqu esebenzayo yoluntu, kodwa ukuhlaziya sengqondo wayo ababelawula ngaphambi, ukuba indoda enjengam nje umbhali, kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Mayakovsky umbongo "wobuyiselo" umdla kuba kuyo umbhali, nangona obufihliweyo, zigqutyuthelwe, uyavuma ezinye iimpazamo zobutsha. Inika amazwi artist enkulu, ngubani waqonda isiphoso sabo ndaqonda esimweni sakhe njengesiqhelo ukubhuqa wavuma kubo.

Ukongeza, umsebenzi umdla enesiqulatho yayo bulumko: liphakamisa imibuzo yobomi nokufa (umzekelo, imbongi ithetha kanaphakade, nto leyo iza kulinganisa ayicamagushele nge Pushkin), ukubaluleka isihobe kubomi beli (apha umbhali kakhulu ngqwabalala kwiimvavanyo zabo, isikhundla nangoku ukugxeka amazwi kunye nemixholo zothando). Lo msebenzi ibhalwe uphawu emininzi imisebenzi Mayakovsky ifomu. It is eyakhelwe ngokohlobo ileli, umgca emfutshane amazwi ngendlela ngqo ngqo. Lo mbongo "wobuyiselo" (Mayakovsky) iye ubungakanani ivesi accentual, nto leyo enika oko sonority enkulu kunye nokuqina kwesimbo kuba eyalelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa igubu kunye iisilabhili unstressed zisetyenziswa ngendlela ejikelezayo. On iiklasi iincwadi esikolweni ukufunda kwinkqubo yemfundo era eSoviet unika abantwana hlalutya umbongo "wentlokoma." Mayakovsky - imbongi kunokuba abayinqobo kuye, yiyo lonto umsebenzi wakhe ifuna nocazululo olunzulu nokuqonda.