Horace - Biography. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk - imbongi Roman

Horace - le yesibini enkulu imbongi ongumRoma emva Virgil, ndimiswe ngubani na yena umsebenzi yokudala uncwadi model. Wayekholelwa ukuba imibongo yi "ulwimi imithambo." Horace akazange ayithande amazwi Catullus, yaye wazama ukuba ubhale imisebenzi eyayiza kuba kufana, kunye mihobe moralistic kakhulu Virgil.

Umfundi umdla kuphela imisebenzi enkulu imbongi ongumRoma, kodwa ixesha yayo yembali, biography. Goratsiy Kvint wenza igalelo elikhulu uncwadi ehlabathini, kodwa avele kusapho elula. Kwimibongo yakhe aliqulunqileyo ubulumko bakhe waza wabanika iqela lezindululo kwisicwangciso yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, ngokusekelwe leyo intanda-yegolide kuthetha amanga.

Horace: ebomini balo

Enkulu Imbongi engumRoma, wazalwa ngo-65 BC. e. e Venusia. umsebenzi wakhe iwela elishumi wokuqala wokulawula we Octavian Augustus, othathe indawo kaKesare. Wazalelwa kwintsapho yabaKhululwa, abayinyamekelayo ukuyilwa sonyana wakhe kokufa kwakhe emva wamshiya kuye ilifa encinane.

Ubomi Imbongi ngentombi ezinxulumene ngqo umsebenzi Maecenas. Xa eRoma, wabulawa uKesare, Kvint Goratsiy Flakk wajoyina abaxhasi Iuni. Loo umxhasi wamnceda ukuseka ngokwakhe ebomini: ilifa iye thaca kwaye eyaziswa kwisangqa ka-Agasti.

Horace wafa yokugula ngequbuliso kule BC 8. e. Nokokuba wangcwatywa ecaleni kuyo ngenxa Maecenas kwi ngaphandle kwe Esquiline.

Iimpawu art

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk kwakukho imbongi oluphangaleleyo owadala Iisampulu isihobe neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ombambazelayo - bacule kunye neengoma. Zombini usebenza ifomu kunye mood ngokwaneleyo inkonzo. Noko ke, bacule bakhe, kwakhululwa iincwadi ezine, ayenzelwanga ukuba badumise impumelelo yomnye umntu kwaye zibonisa ubomi ubulumko imbongi kunye bulumko yakhe. Horace ubanika iingcebiso, ebhekisela ayezinikele bacule.

Yonke imisebenzi emikhulu imbongi ongumRoma lungohlulwa lube imijikelo eziliqela ngohlobo:

1. epodov (dvuhstishiya-umbongo umlinganiswa iambic).

2. eKhwencayo (imveliso of sesichengeni nature). Abhalwe hexameters.

3. ode (imibongo ombambazelayo ngokuzinikela isiganeko).

Horace, ogama engobomi iquka ezintathu zomsebenzi, ebomini ngqo kwintanda-bulumko imin yegolide, eyakhelwe ngobulumko, ingqiqo, ubuhle, ukulunga kunye nemvisiswano.

imiyalezo Uhlobo

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, ogama nemibongo becala enikelwe ngabanye, kuba yimpumelelo kakhulu kule uhlobo boncwadi. Uye ebhalwe 23 iileta, nabokugqibela apho - "To Python" - ukuba umsebenzi yesibini kwemibhalo emva "kwisihobe inzululwazi" Aristotle, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba intsingiselo yayo kwimeko loncwadi yehlabathi. Ezibalulekileyo bayo of Horace - ubukrelekrele, bangamasebe ngokwemvelo, ukuya isimbo, ukhetho lwamagama baphakamisa ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana kunye nomxholo. Imibongo yakhe kunzima ukuyiqonda. Iogann Volfgang Gete wakha wabhala ukuba imifanekiso kwimiyalezo ezifanayo "pendulum". Ukubunjwa zesihobe lyric nzima kukuba Horace akwazi ngobuchule ukuhamba ukusuka umfanekiso omnye komnye, kusetyenziswa itekisi le iimitha ezahlukeneyo zemibongo. nemibongo yakhe izaliswe ezahlukeneyo amagama, amagama eendawo, yaye uhlawula ingqalelo iinkcukacha.

Weendawo amaqela bacule of Horace

Umbongo-ukujonga ezi ungumthombo ubulumko. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, umsebenzi wakhe kakhulu zimelwe bacule iincwadi ezine, ubhala kweli qela weendawo kwi azibenzi yobomi kunye isantya kwixesha langoku. Ngokuba kuye, ukusukela uhlonipha nobutyebi kukhona lutho. Le bacule uthando umxholo izandi, emthendelekweni, kodwa ngokungafaniyo imibongo Catullus, imvakalozwi babo nokuthuthuzela. Unako ukubala 7 Amagama nemazi, ukuze apho Horace wabhala umbongo-vangama. Komnye bacule zakhe (№30 «To Melpomene") liphakamisa ingxaki yokungafi imbongi kunye inxalenye ukuthandana isiko emva izibongo engumYiputa komuntu ifunyanwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, ukudalwa kwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Infinity lakhe Horace ubona vesi.

Uhlalutyo ode № 30

Lo msebenzi ufumene ikhowudi igama "Monument". Lo mbongo kunjalo babethanda ezakudala zoncwadi Russian, ukuba ingcamango yokungafi imbongi ebolekiweyo Gavrila Derzhavin ( "endiyimisileyo lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo, obungunaphakade"), Alexander Pushkin ( "Mna ilitye kungengazandla"), Valery Bryusov ( "My lesikhumbuzo imele of izitanza complex lwamaqabane "). Le yokugqibela ezimbini njengento epigraph iindinyana ibolekwe e Latin, zazivakalisayo kanye Horace. Biography wembongi, njengoko siyazi, ukuba kude umona: umntwana wayengazi kunye iziyolo ngokwabo izama ukuhlala iingqondo zabantu kangangeenkulungwane.

Ode №30 ebizwa "Ku Melpomene 'uphele incwadi yesithathu bacule; Melpomene kwiintsomi na Ndithelekelele ezibuhlungu. Xa imveliso Horace othetha impumelelo yakhe ekupheleni umgomo wayo Uwuthwesile wena kunye umqhele ngowakhe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinguqulelo ezininzi ngempumelelo bacule №30 ingqalelo imibongo Lomonosov kunye Vostokova.

satires of Horace

EPeru, omkhulu imbongi waseRoma zezethu kwingqokelela ezininzi satires. Kulo kubalulekile sigqibe ukuba odumileyo nje inkosi bacule. Uvuthondaba Horace zifana zefilosofi malunga intsingiselo wokuphila kuyo iveza kwintanda-bulumko kwemin segolide. Eyona nto ephambili wesikizi iindlela zobuxoki ulonwabo, ukusukela kwempahla ecingelwayo. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, umlinganiswa kabani na imibongo satirical ligxeka emkhosini kunye drunks. Enye ingcebiso yobomi yakhe ithi ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba abe likhoboka iwayini ukucima kakubi buhlungu lo othululwayo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba into wesikizi kwi satires bangabantu neenkanuko ezimbi, apho ubhala ngezinto: Inombolo uvuthondaba 6, umzekelo, uthi ibali lobomi bakhe. Horace, kunye imvelaphi ephantsi, uhlala, umxholo kunye amancinci kwaye akazi kubunewunewu.

Ukulawula zobukhulu enkondlo

Horace ngezinye ukubusithelisa kwimibongo yakhe imvelaphi yayo loo nto angenazintloni uThixo ukuba, unyana ka yaphazamiseka mkhonzi. Ngu uqikelelo lemfundo mhlalutyi uMikhail Gasparov imbongi esetyenziswa kwimibongo yakhe iintlobo 12 kwiindinyana zamandulo zamaGrike, misebenzi yakhe ulwazi ngobuciko kunye ilifa wena zemibongo. Kwincwadi yokuqala bacule yakhe, wabanika i "umngcelele" yale zobukhulu thaca sapphic, alkeevu kunye nezinye izitanza. Ngaphandle bacule of Horace, iminyaka yobomi okuye nemveliso kakhulu, ukusebenza kunye epodov ezifanayo kakhulu ifomu pripevki. Babonakalisa isiqulatho kwezopolitiko kwaye, iambs, bahlekwa iintsilelo zabantu kunye nabantu (umzekelo bha - "Ukuze abantu baseRoma").

iingcebiso Horace kunye neengcaciso

"Yiba bonwatyisiwe kusini na koko na ngesandla." ngoko Kujongwe inyaniso nje kubalulekile, nto leyo ithi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba siphile namhlanje, hayi ukuze aligwebe umdali ngenxa yokuba ingengabo bonke abantu bazi nokuba sisityebi. Zonke iinzuzo kufuneka kufunyanwe ngendlela entle, Yanelani kancinane.

"Usebenzisa imali apho xa kopish kubo, kodwa musa ukuchitha." uyazi Zingaphi iimeko ibali, xa kwafa umntu bonke ubomi bakhe bafuna ukwenza imali, bemkhanyela ngokwabo izinto ezininzi, kodwa waziwa kuyo. Horace uthi bulumko ephosakeleyo: kufuneka sichithe imali efunyenwe ngokulinganayo kwaye baphile ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle zonke izithintelo.

"Usizi yobomi ibalekisa iwayini, kodwa yazi ukuba ngomlinganiselo." Hedonism njenge Umkhuba nobuhle ikhuthaza uluvo uyolo njengoko injongo njengowongamileyo ubomi babantu. Horace kwabelwane lo mbono isiqingatha: nasewayinini ngokuqinisekileyo ucimayo buhlungu, kodwa musa kakubi kuzo.

"Jikela eluthandweni, kodwa ukubandezeleka luthando." Horace, ogama engobomi igcwele amagama abafazi abasixhenxe, wazisa inyaniso, apho umntu unako ukuphila ngokuvisisana nentliziyo yakho. Yena akayi aphike uthando, kodwa ephikisana angathabatheki nokubandezeleka.

Imbali iincwadi waseRoma amagama

Le bokwenza idumileyo Roman ingqalelo Maktsy Titus Plautus. Wabhala malunga amahlanu zikwenza kubonakale ngathi, kodwa kweza nje 19. Xa zizonke, oko anawo imigca ngaphezulu kwe-20,000 vesi.

Lucretius kunye Catullus ke abameli ziqaqamba iincwadi amaRoma kwexesha republic. Eyokuqala umbhali we "Ngomhla Nature of Yezinto", ngoxa yesibini wayedume nemibongo yakhe yothando.

LinguPubliyo Vergilius Maro nemimoya ntlobo ezininzi zoncwadi. Imbongi engumRoma Ungumbhali "Aeneid" mbongo abacimi

LinguPubliyo uOvid Naso ebizwa owayephila olusezantsi Horace. Nguye ke umbhali walo mbongo "Science Wothando" elibhaliweyo umthambo isigqebelo, kwakunye ingqokelela iingoma "Amores".

Phaedrus i imbongi obalaseleyo kunye fabulist, owaqalisa ukubhala zintsomi kuvesi kuqala. Waba wayedume imisebenzi yakhe kunye neenguqulelo of Aesop.

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "ukubhala" eyasetyenziswa amaRoma ukubonisa intetho neritmizovannoy. Imveliso yokuqala ngohlobo nestihotvornoy yabonakala kakhulu kamva. Eyaziwa umbhali kuzakuthathwa Apuleius - umbhali yenoveli adventure "The Golden Ass", ilandelwe xa nkoka yi Petronius elingabalamli, owabhala i "Satyricon".