Abalinganiswa "INkosi noMargarita". The main Abalinganiswa Romana Bulgakova

Mihaila Bulgakova inoveli - umsebenzi omangalisayo ngokwenene yaye okhanyayo ixesha layo. Iminyaka emininzi, akunamsebenzi kuphuma ngenxa zentlalo ahlekise. Uninzi abalinganiswa "INkosi noMargarita" wawuvela yabantu, abanegama eSoviet Union kunye isangqa esisondeleyo umbhali, ngokuba kwaba njalo kwi esengozini sokubanjwa. Uninzi amaqhawe Bulgakov wamnika zobuntu ezithiyekileyo.

Imbali yenoveli

Umhla ngqo umsebenzi ziwayo kwinoveli. Kwezinye uyilo Bulgakov kwi-1928, kwezinye - 1929 Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyaziwa ukuba ngoMatshi 1930 umbhali wayitshisayo yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze umsebenzi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa ban lomdlalo "I utho of Bahanahanisindini".

Ngoku ke isihloko ekhoyo yenoveli wabonakala ngowe-1937, phambi kokuba Bulgakov wabiza umsebenzi wakhe 'Fantasy inoveli "(ushicilelo lwesibini) kunye" iNkosana Ubumnyama "(ushicilelo lwesithathu).

Ibhalwe inoveli ngokupheleleyo yaba ehlotyeni yokuqala 1938, kodwa uMikhail Bulgakov nayo enxulumene ukufa. Xa iyonke, umsebenzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo lwaqhutywa kwi ubomi iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.

Ngelishwa, umbhali ayikhange ibe nako ukubona umsebenzi wakhe ipapashwe. Incwadi yokuqala kwinoveli kwenzeka ngo-1966 kwenye magazini boncwadi. piece onzima ke zalungisa, kodwa ngenxa ngokudalwa umfazi Bulgakov kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita" Noko ke waba ihlabathi odumileyo. lesivumelwano waseRoma umbhali omkhulu ifumene ukungafi.

Eyona engundoqo abalinganiswa "INkosi noMargarita"

Umbhali ngokwakhe emva kokutshatyalaliswa le magazini epapashwa okokuqala le ncwadi wabonisa itshayo inoveli malunga ngumtyholi. Voland, enyanisweni, yengundoqo amandla yokuqhuba emva umsebenzi. Yena ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ungumntu obalulekileyo.

Kunye noSathana abalinganiswa abaphambili yenoveli - a Mfundisi noMargarita, nangona ukuba avela kude ukususela ekuqaleni kwencwadi. Master ibonakala kuphela isahluko 12, uMargarita, yaye emva koko - kule elinethoba.

Kukho yeengcinga ezininzi ehlabathini philological ukuba ngubani umlinganiswa ophambili. Njengoko isihloko yomsebenzi kunye nendawo yomfanekiso encwadini Woland, khetha ezintathu kuphela wayengoyena mntu.

Voland

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala umfundi adibana Woland ekuqaleni kule ncwadi. Kwaye ngoko nangoko umfanekiso wakhe yenza nomfuziselo edidayo. Iimpawu unesimilo ukuba ingabonakaliswa, ngenxa yezenzo zakhe, ungqamane iimpawu zangaphandle. Iyodwa, oyintsobi ezimbini, kungoko ke amehlo imibala eyahlukileyo, eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo namashiya. Agxeke kwaye nobuqili, oko kukuthi ngesisa nolungileyo.

Akumangalisi ke, i Berlioz kunye Ivan, owokuqala owabona UNjingalwazi Woland, zaye bedidekile yaye Badidekile neemvakalelo zabo ziphikisana. Amabali ebalisa ngummi engaqhelekanga, musa ukufumana iingcaciso ubengo, kuba abaphulaphuli.

Kodwa Woland weza eMoscow ukuba ithwalwe ngazo ibali. A a ri ni xikongomelo xo karhi kakhulu leyo emncedayo ukuphumeza enesihlwele esinzima ezimbi. Balungiselela kwi ikomkhulu isiphithiphithi. Theatre "Ezahlukahlukeneyo" uye waba yindawo iiseshoni ukuthakatha. Ladies wayethenjiswe ilokhwe entsha, ekugqibeleni, babaleka phandle kwimpahla yakhe. ubutyebi ezingenakubalwa eziwa isilingi, waza wajika waba intwana nanto ephepheni.

Injongo lokufika emhlabeni Woland kunye nabantu bakhe kwakujongwa isohlwayo ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiyalelo yeBhayibhile. Enyanisweni, ukuba mhlawumbi umfanekiso wokuqala uMtyholi kule ncwadi efuna ukulungelelanisa okulungileyo nokubi, ukukhanya nobumnyama.

Messer uthe abanye abalinganiswa elafikayo eMoscow ukufunda ngqangi asandul 'ukulufumana, ubambe neseshoni komlingo umdaniso.

Kuvula e ibhola Woland imibala bakhe buyinyaniso. Umfundi thaca noSathana ngokwakhe. Ukuthatha nabalandeli bakhe, yena uzimele kwihlabathi elilandelayo ngosuku olulandelayo.

Imvelaphi Woland Akucaci. Imbongi izimanga abangenamakhaya, kungekhona uhlanga ukuba abazana lakhe elitsha, kuba konke unjingalwazi unika ndingowasemzini: indlela, indlela yokuthetha, izenzo zakhe.

UMikhail Bulgakov waboleka igama ophambili walo mbongo "Faust" yi Goethe. Voland, okanye Faland - elinye igama kaSathana. Abaphengululi abaninzi bayavuma ukuba kwase uSathana ngokwakhe waba yinkokheli ezizwe - I. V. Stalin, apho kwakunye Woland, ndangena enguzwilakhe Umntu olungileyo.

prince Sweet zobumnyama umbiza kungekuphela nje "Nkosi" yaye "mhlekazi", ngoko ke igama Woland umfundi ufunda ngokukhawuleza.

master

Master - mbali isidanga, owayesoloko wayefuna ukuba inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokubhala. Emva kokuphumelela ilotto wayekade thuba. Waba uMdali yenoveli malunga Pontiyo Pilato kunye uYesu, ngendlela yabo buqondwe iziganeko Vangeli kodwa zafikelela phantse ukuba kukugeza emva kokuba umsebenzi wakhe wagxeka nines.

Igama hero likaThixo akakhankanywa kwincwadi Bulgakov. Igama elithi "Nkosi" uMargaret wamnika intanda yakhe. Noko ke, yena baphoxeke yi impatho enjalo. Wayesoloko ayeziphepha iimeko apho kwafuneka ukuba kubizwe mna. Imbongi Ivan abangenawo amakhaya , uthi yena akanayo igama nefani.

iimpawu yangaphandle lomlinganiswa zilahlekile. Kucacile ukuba nomtsalane, kodwa ulangazelelo emehlweni akhe kususa onke isilungiseleli seglosi. Yena malunga neminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, yena ezimnyama-iinwele kwaye isoloko ezihlambulukileyo-ndachetywa, nkqu esibhedlele.

Umfundi uyakuqonda into yokuba iNkosi evela Bulgakov kuyekiswa, kunye nolwalamano Margaret ziyafana kakhulu ebomini bakhe nomfazi wakhe wesithathu Elena Sergeevna. Mfundisi, kwakunye uMikhail Bulgakov, wayitshisa inoveli yakhe noMargarita, kwakunye Elena Shilovskaya igcina zaso.

Iminyaka yobudala efanayo njengoko neyamagcisa amabini kunye nolwalamano lwabo nabagxeki zoncwadi, ngenxa yokuba Bulgakov yena ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagculelwa kwaye batshutshiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Le noveli ayifani ncam wachaza indlela iNkosi ufumana ukuya kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo. Abanye abahlalutyi boncwadi bakholelwa ukuba eli hlelo iziphene inoveli lokugqibela, abanye bathi ngaloo ndlela umbhali yenza libhekisela ingcinezelo yabo imizi-30, xa umntu ziyemka naphakade.

uMargaret

NoMargarita Nikolaevna - Masters intombi, bahlukaniswa nabantu ababathandayo. Walivuyela uyasamkela esi simemo ukuba ukumkanikazi Woland kwi kwebhola njengoko uthembisa ukufeza omnye umnqweno wayo. UMargaret walangazelela ukuba uhlangane iNkosi, leyo ekugqibeleni yenzeka ngenxa yokuba uSathana.

Igama noMargarita umfundi akazi kuze phakathi inoveli, Mfundisi uyayigubungela intanda yakhe.

UMargarita - yinto umfanekiso ngokuhlangeneyo, wendele phi of Gretchen ( "Faust" yi Goethe) kunye nomfazi zombhali Elena Shilovskaya. Ngokukodwa, intlanganiso wachaza Master noMargarita - ikopi ngqo Bulgakov uthando kunye nomfazi wakhe.

Abanye abaphandi ukubona iimpawu French ookumkanikazi Margaret (Marguerite de Valois kunye Margo Navarrskoy), kunye kwisicatshulwa kukho kubhekiselwa ukufana kwabo (ibinzana Koroviev umlinganiswa enozalwano kwinkundla yakomkhulu French).

NoMargarita uvezwa kwinoveli, elihle kodwa ngumfazi ndagqobhoza balinqabisa umntu ofumene intsingiselo yobomi emva kwentlanganiso iNkosi.

NA Bulgakov wenza luphawu umlinganiswa ophambili uthando nokuzincama, kunye nokuxhasa Ndithelekelele yombhali, elungele ukunika ubomi bakhe ngenxa oyintanda.

abalinganiswa demoni

Woland kunye neqembu yakhe ngokufuthi ngokwabo kwakungamandla awayeqhuba emva zonke yombhodamo othatha indawo eMoscow. Ngamanye amaxesha ke kuphela ababukeleyo. Abalindi uSathana kuzo zonke ezintlanu. Nganye injongo yaso, umsebenzi wabo.

Koroviev-Fagot uba umqhubi kunye interprenera, oko - ezilingana ngesandla sokunene yenkosi yakhe. Igama lakhe inamacandelo amabini. Inkomo - livela egameni webali iqhawe "The Village of Stepanchikovo". Koroviev Bulgakov iye inqwaba iimpawu Korovkina kusungulwe Dostoevsky. Isigaba sesibini igama - isihloko isixhobo somculo. Kukho umbhali ekhokelwa data ubhalo zangaphandle, ngenxa yokuba, ezifana bassoon, Bulgakov daemon obhityileyo, phezulu, kwaye kubakho amaxesha amathathu ukwenza master lokufundisa.

Koroviev-Fagot amelwe abalinganiswa umguquli ncwadi, ibamba, lo cheater abanezakhono. I ntiyiso imaski yakhe, ziidemon umtyholi ingamvulelanga kwaoko. Kodwa umfundi vuxiyaxiya uya kuphawula ukuba kukho iqhawe ebalini. Ngokoqobo ivela eMoscow of umoya oshushu (ngokutsho legend a ubushushu eyoyikekayo, kuba intwasahlobo kokufika amabutho ezimbi).

Cat IBhehemote - a hero ukuba ungazama kuyo nayiphi na imilo. Lo mlinganiswa ufuzisela profligacy nokuzingxala ngokutya, naye Sasikuthanda ka Woland, jester yakhe.

Bulgakov le ubuntu ithe yaqaliswa kuphela yeenowuthsi satirical kwaye ahlekisayo yingxenye ingqiqo entsonkothileyo bulumko yokuziphatha kwinoveli. Oku kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha ngayo yaye zonke izinto wenza cat IBhehemote (yezulu kunye ngabacuphi, umdlalo wechess kunye mhlekazi, ukhuphiswano adubula Azazello).

Hella - umlinganiswa ngubani na ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi. A vampire female yinto umkhonzi Voland ufunwayo. Xa inoveli, yena ubonisa intombazana eluhlaza-amehlo kunye iinwele ezinde ezibomvu, leyo enambuzelayo ngokukhululekileyo emoyeni. Oku ulunika sendiselane olukhethekileyo igqwirha. Ukunikezela umkhonzi wakhe UMargarita, Voland ibonisa promptness yayo, usizo kunye zobuntlola.

Kulindeleke ukuba uninzi iimpawu Vampire Hella, Bulgakov zibonwa bali "The Vampire" yi Alexei Tolstoy. Ukusuka apho, wrestling kwaye nqakaza amazinyo, kiss umtyholi, kuba apho Varenukha akusekho yayenza isithunzi aze abe vampire. Hella - umlinganiswa ngubani na omnye kuphela yonke enesihlwele esinzima ka Woland zange inxaxheba kwindawo ukubhabha lokugqibela.

Azazello ivela njenge ikhonkco, a recruiter ngenxa abamnyama mnumzana izenzo. Ngokupheleleyo ubhalo akuthandeki, elifutshane, kunye zifuna ukuba ngqombela, ning'ong'oza kumacala ahlukeneyo, iinwele, eveleleyo aso. Gqibezela umfanekiso weembadada patent lesikhumba, bowler umnqwazi phezu kwentloko yakhe, isuti onemigca Azazello. UMargarita, okokuqala xa ke akusibona, ebizwa abaphangi hero imagi.

UAbhadon ukho kwindawo ethile ngasemva, yaye wahlukile ukusuka Ezinye isimo sakhe livelana zombini ububi emhlabeni nokulunga ihlabathi.

abalinganiswa Biblical

yinxalenye yeBhayibhile kwinoveli "iNkosi noMargarita" ebhalwe ngu Bulgakov esekelwe yeVangeli kaMateyu, kodwa usebenzisa amagama ngesiAram ezijongwa echanileyo ngokwembali (uYesu endaweni uYesu).

Ibali yebhayibhile of kwinoveli zombhali ithe uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Eyokuqala uxelela Voland kwi kwamachibi ngomawokhulu kaThixo, iphupha wesibini imbongi abangenamakhaya, ukufunda wesithathu noMargarita. Kwizahluko yebhayibhile, kukho iingxelo ezininzi kwinkqubo eSoviet amandla kunye nolawulo.

Abalinganiswa 'iNkosi noMargarita "- Aphranius (intloko amapolisa imfihlelo uPilato), uYuda (umhlali Yershalaim lowo umngcatshayo uYesu), uYosefu uKayafa (umbingeleli, lowo wandithumayo uYesu ekufeni), UMateyu uLevi (engumfundi kaYesu, ngubani yamdubula phantsi emnqamlezweni), Pontiyo Pilato kunye uYesu, kwakunye nabanye abalinganiswa eziliqela.

koPontiyo Pilato

Yirhuluneli lakwaYuda wabiza ukufumanisa isiphelo kaYeshuwa Ha-sanga singabamiselwe ukufa. indoda lukhuni ngundlovu, wagqiba phezu imibuzo umtyholwa. Ngexesha le ngxoxo, inguPontiyo Pilato yachukumiseka ngokupheleleyo kuYesu, kodwa nangona imimangaliso, ku n'wi (Ha-waphilisa migraine lokusayina), isohlwayo sokufa siqinisekiswe.

Ngenxa uvelwano kwakhe uYesu uPilato wagqiba kwi ukuziphindezela. Uyalela ukubulala umntu ebunjiweyo Ha-ahlaselwa neSanhedrin.

Pontiyo Pilato kunye uYesu yanikelwa ngamnye nezinye iimvakalelo nemizwa, ngenxa leyo kuqala bonke ubomi bakhe. Wayesazi ukuba isayinwe isigwebo sakhe ngokwenene nomnye ummangaliso. Ngoko ke, bonke ubomi bakhe emzimbeni kwaye zingqondweni wayevalelwe, kuba yena wadala. Ngexesha esemoyeni yokugqibela uSathana Woland wabuza umdlali sakhe sokukunika inkululeko kuPilato, awazenzayo.

Yeshua aqotho

Ibali yebhayibhile yenoveli yahlukile ezilungileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi, ezo azithathelwa ngqalelo Bulgakov. UYoshuwa sibonisa indoda eziqhelekileyo, belilelayo isipho unovelwano, lowo haunted yi isihlwele yempambano kunye nabalandeli. Eneneni, ngenxa singenazo zonke iinkcukacha zabo iintshumayelo kukaYoshuwa, kwaye sokugqibela esengozini zokufa. UYesu uxelela uPilato kwelinye ikuba ingakumbi ukuba likhoboka, ibubutyobo amazwi akhe. Igama lakhe ngu Leviy Matvey. I-Master noMargarita ekugqibeleni wafumana ukubonga uxolo elide-elindelwe kuye.

Uninzi abahlalutyi boncwadi achaza njengoko antipode kaYeshuwa Woland. Noko ke, kukho omnye, uguqulelo eyonwabisayo ngakumbi. UYesu prototype kaYeshuwa. Le hero of Bulgakov - ke ngumfuziselo uhanahaniso, imaski, nto leyo sinikezwe umoya sizifihla ezahlukeneyo. Mhlawumbi olu guqulelo wazalwa ngenxa kukhetho zonqulo zombhali. Wayengenguye kubukho engumlawuli, kodwa hayi ngqo kwi-odolo ibandla.

UYesu ahluke iVangeli kaYesu iinkcukacha ukuzalwa nobomi kunye inqubo. Uye kubekwe yena-sobulumko, kodwa kwinoveli akukho ndathetha ngokungqalileyo. UYoshuwa uthi bonke abantu okulungileyo, uthi uYesu yeVangeli okulungileyo nokubi ikhona ndawonye entliziyweni yomntu.

sengqondo Umbhali ukuba umlinganiswa kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Bulgakov yena uyavelana kwaye sigunyazisa nesisa ubuntu kaYeshuwa, Noko ke, ungayamkeli kuthixo kuye yaye abazange babone ingongoma bokuzincama.

ezingu eMoscow

Abalinganiswa 'iNkosi noMargarita "ubukhulu becala ukhutshelwe yabantu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zibe parodies elibukhali kubo. Umzekelo, kwase Archibald Archibaldovich waba Yakov Rozental, umphathi wendlu Herzen Restaurant (evezwe endlwini Griboyedov yokutyela inoveli).

Xa inoveli, umfundi ubona lumo ngumlawuli Moscow Art Theatre Nemirovich-Danchenko ebusweni Bengal, ziyahlelwa apho usisimntwiso umbhali intiyo ukuba agxeke yezopolitiko "nanye-up" (wanqunyulwa intloko).

Ezinye Amaqhawe umbhali akuzange ndinikhathaze ukutshintsha amagama. Hi xikombiso, ku Annushka sinokufunda ummelwane Bulgakov, kunye uGqirha Kuzmin waba enyanisweni kagqirha bomntwana.

Bulgakov kwakhona isebenzisa amagama ezithethi (Likhodeev, Bogohulsky, bengenambadada), nto leyo yenza njengoko inkcazo ngqo abalinganiswa. "Mfundisi noMargarita" - hayi inoveli lokuqala umbhali, apho usebenzisa AMAGQABAZA ▸. Umzekelo, kwi "I-White Guard", yena eboniswe umfanekiso Nikolka injini kunye nomzalwana wakhe.

UMikhail Bulgakov - Umbhali emangalisayo, akwazi ukusebenza kwenye ukucula ibali uthando ezintle, umxholo inkululeko, ukuphendula iinkxalabo imibuzo bulumko olomileyo, ngokoqobo neengcebiso, uzobe skits satirical, abalinganiswa baye anyanzele kubantu bakhe.