Uhlalutyo lobuthathaka kwii-antibiotics: isitshixo, indlela yokuthabatha, ukuchaza

Uhlalutyo lokuthintela ukulwa namagciwane afunekayo xa ugqirha ugxeka ukuba isifo sesigulo sisifo sebhakterhi kwindalo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba oogqirha bazama ukulawula ukutyunjwa kwezi zonyango, ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho ukuvuselela utshintsho kwaye kungabangeli ukunganyangeki kwii-microorganisms.

Inkcazo

Uvavanyo lwe-antibiotic sensitivity yindlela yebhubhoratri yokuchonga isiza esiza kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwi-flora ye-pathogenic kwimeko ethile yesifo.

Ngeli xesha, unyango lwe-antibiotic lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa lufuneka khona, kwaye nangona kungekho mfuneko, ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchasene neengxaki ezinokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, emva kwecandelo le-laarean, imisebenzi ye-laparoscopic, ukususwa kweekhonkco ezivela kwiintso okanye ureters, njl.

Icandelo lezobisi liza kunika uluhlu olubanzi lweziyobisi ngokubhekiselele kwintengo kunye nokusebenza. Ukuze "ungabonakali umnwe esibhakabhakeni" kwaye ukhethe i-antibiotic esebenzayo, kufuneka uhlwayelwe izityalo zokuvaleka.

Iinkcazo

Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha akhethe unyango, isiguli kufuneka sidlule iimvavanyo ezithile. Ukuhlwayela ububele kumachiza okulwa ne-antibiotics kumiselwe ukuba kunyanzelekile ukufumanisa iyeza, elikulo mzekelo liya kuba lifanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kufundiswa kunyango lwezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, okanye ii-STD. Kwabantwana, nangona kunjalo, imfuneko yokulwa ne-antibiotics iyimfuneko.

Ukongezelela, inkcazo yobuninzi iyimfuneko ukukhusela ukuxhatshazwa kweebhaktheriya kunyango. Ukuba isigulane sandule ukuphathwa ngamachiza omzimba, kwaye ngoku kukho ikhosi yesibini iyafuneka kwakhona kwakhona, kufuneka kubekho ukutshintshwa kwesilwanyana. Oku kuya kuvumela ukusebenzisa amanani amancinci yeziyobisi kwaye kungabangela ukuguquka kwintsholongwane. Kwiiyunithi zokugulisa i-purulent, ii-antibiotics ziguqulwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kweenyanga ezintathu.

Olu hlalutyo luyimfuneko kwimeko apho isigulane sineempembelelo ezichasene neqela eliphambili le-antibiotics.

Iindlela zokusasazeka

Uhlalutyo lwe-Urine lobuzwe be-antibiotiki, kwaye kungekhona kuphela kuye, lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Eyokuqala yale ndlela yindlela yediski. Yiphatha ngendlela elandelayo. U-Agar uphululelwa kwisitya sePetri, kwaye xa kubanda, izinto zokuvavanya zisetyenziswe kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo. Emva koko, phezu kwendawo ye-agar, iidiski zamaphepha, ezifakwe kwi-antibiotics, zenziwa. Emva kokuba indebe ivaliwe kwaye ifakwe kwi-thermostat. Kancinci, idiski ibhaptiziwe kwi-gelatin, kwaye i-antibiotic iyahluka kwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ummandla "wokunciphisa ukukhula" usekwe kwiphepha. Iikomityi zigcinwe kwi-thermostat iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini, ngoko ziyakususwa kwaye ububanzi bommandla ongentla lulinganiswa.

Indlela yesibini yindlela yovavanyo lwe-E. Kufana neyokudlulileyo, kodwa endaweni yamacwecwe ephepha usebenzisa umtsalane, ode ubude obunikwe i-antibiotic kwii-degrees ezahlukeneyo. Emva kweeyure ezilishumi elinesibhozo zokubhenca kwi-thermostat, isitya sePetri sithathwa kwaye sijonge apho indawo yokukhupha yokukhula idibanisa nephepha. Oku kuya kuba yinkxalabo ephantsi kakhulu yeziyobisi ezifunekayo ukunyanga kwesi sifo.

Ukuxhamla kwezi mvavanyo kukukhawuleza nokulula kokuziphatha kwabo.

Izindlela zokuzalisa

Uhlalutyo lwezityalo kunye novelwano kwi-antibiotics lunokwenziwa ngenye indlela. Le ndlela isekelwe ekuncitshweni okuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-antibiotiki (ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumncinci) ukuze kuchongwe ukuba yeyiphi iibhubhu ezivimba ukukhutshwa kwebhaktheriya.

Okokuqala, lungisa izicwangciso zeziyobisi. Emva koko baqaliswa kwisixokelelwano samanzi kunye neebhaktheriya (umhluzi okanye i-agar). Zonke iibhubhu ebusuku (ezi-12 iiyure) zifakwe kwi-thermostat kwiqondo lokushisa lama-37 degrees, kwaye kusasa zihlalutya iziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Ukuba iziqulatho zeetyhubhu yokuhlola okanye i-Petri dish ziphazamisekile, oku kubonisa ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukungasebenzi kwe-antibiotics kwinkxalabo enikwe. I-tube yokuqala yokuhlola, apho ukukhula kweenkoloni zee-microorganism aziyi kuchongwa ngokubonakalayo, kuya kuthathwa njengengxube eyaneleyo kunyango.

Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwesilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo kubizwa ngokuba yinkcenkcesho yokunciphisa (MIC). Ilinganiselwa kwi-milligram nganye ngeyure okanye i-micrograms nge-milliliter.

Ukuchazwa kweziphumo

Uhlalutyo lobungqina kwii-antibiotikiti mazingakwazi ukukwenza ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa ukuqonda ngokucacileyo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenweyo, zonke ii-microorganisms zihlulwe zibe zibukhali, zithintele kwaye zithintele. Ukuze bakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kwezigulane zamachiza ezixhomekeke kumda.

Ezi zithethe azisoloko zihlala kwaye ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeke kokulungelelaniswa kwezilwanyana ezincinci. Ukuphuhliswa nokuhlaziywa kwale migaqo iphathiswe ukujongana ne-chemotherapists kunye ne-microbiologists. Enye yezakhiwo ezisemthethweni zolu hlobo yiKomiti kaZwelonke yeMigangatho yeLebhulokhi yeeLeklini eMelika. Imigangatho abaye bayiphuhlisa iyabonwa emhlabeni wonke ukusetyenziswa ekuhloleni umsebenzi we-antibiotiki, kubandakanywa nezilingo ezinemiyalezo emininzi.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuvavanya iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwamagciwane e-antibiotic: iiklinikhi kunye ne-microbiological. Ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiological kugxile ekuhanjisweni kweendawo eziphambili ze-antibiotiki, kunye nekliniki - kumgangatho weyeza-antibiotics.

Izilwanyana ezinqabileyo nezithintekayo

Uhlalutyo - ukuzimisela ukuvelela kwi-antibiotics - kunikwe ukuba kuchonge izilwanyana ezincinci nezichasayo.

Ezivelele zibizwa ngokuba zizifo-mzimba, ezinokuphathwa ngamachiza okulwa namagciwane. Ukuba akukho lwazi olunokwethenjelwa kwintlobo yobuninzi be-microorganism, ngoko ke idatha efunyenwe phantsi kweemeko zebhoratri ithathwa ingqalelo. Zidibaniswe nolwazi lwe-pharmacokinetics yesilwanyana esisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye emva kokusasazwa kwale nkcazelo, isiphelo senziwa malunga nokukhutshwa kwebhaktheriya kwisibisi.

Ukumelana, oko kukuthi, ukuxhatshazwa, izilwanyana ezincinci zibandakanya ezo bhaktheriya eziqhubekayo ezibangela izifo nangona zisetyenziselwa iindawo eziphezulu zamachiza.

Ukuxhatshazwa okuphakathi kusungulwe kwisiganeko sokuthi isifo ngexesha lonyango lunokuba neziphumo eziliqela. Ukubuyiselwa kwesigulane kunokwenzeka xa kusetyenziswa iqondo eliphezulu lamachiza okulwa namachiza okanye kwimeko yokujoliswa kwezilwanyana kwisayithi ekukhuselweni.

Ubuncinci obuncinci be-bactericidal concentration

Uhlalutyo lwe-microflora kunye novelwano kwi-antibiotics luchaza isalathisi esinjalo njengengcinezelo encinci ye-bactericidal, okanye i-MBC. Le yinkxalabo ephantsi kakhulu yeziyobisi, phantsi kweemeko zelabhoratri kubangela ukupheliswa kwama-microorganism kwisithuba seeyure ezilishumi elinambini.

Ulwazi loogqirha besalathisi basebenzise xa bekhetha unyango alukho i-bactericidal, kodwa amayeza e-bacteriostatic. Okanye kwimeko apho unyango olusisiseko lwe-antibiotic lungasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlalutyo luyalelwe izigulane nge-endocarditis ye-bacteria, i-osteomyelitis, kunye nezifo ezichaphazelekayo.

Yintoni enokuba ngumzekelo?

Uhlalutyo lobuninzi kumachiza omzimba lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-biological fluids:

I-saliva;

- igazi;

- urine;

- isilwanyana;

Ubisi lwebele.

Ukongezelela, ukufumanisa ubuzwe bendawo, i-fetal smears ithathwa kwi-urethra, umgogodla womlomo wesibeleko kunye nephezulu lokuphefumula.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlalutya

Buck. Uhlalutyo lobutyebi kwi-antibiotics alufuni ukuba izigulane zilungiselele, kodwa zikhona ukulinganiselwa.

1. Uphando lusebenzisa isahlulo esiqhelekileyo somchamo wamanzi eqokelelwe kwiitya eziyinyumba. Ngaphambi koku, isigulane kufuneka senze indlu yangasese yezitho zangasese nezandla zangaphandle.
2. Ubisi lwebele lubuthwa ngaphambi kokusondeza umntwana. Isiqephu sokuqala sityiwe, kwaye ke iipiliteri ezimbalwa zithathelwa kwisitya ngasinye esiyinyumba esiswini ngasinye.
3. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhanjiswe i-smear e-nasopharynx kuyimfuneko ukuyeka ukufumana ukutya ngaphakathi kweeyure ezintlanu-ezintandathu.
4. Kwimeko yokuthabatha i-smear kwi-genital tract, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulawule ngesondo malunga neentsuku ezimbalwa.

Okwangoku, akukho zonyango okanye iindlela zelabhoratri eziza kuba ne-100% kungenzeka ukuba ziqikelele umphumo wonyango lwe-antibiotic. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqikelela ububele beebhaktheriya kwiziyobisi kunokukhokela oogqirha ekukhethweni nasekulungiseni unyango.