"Admiral Ushakov" (Cruiser): imbali kunye neempawu

ESoviet Union olunye-yesithandathu ilizwe. Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba indawo yayo zejografi, kwaye ngenxalenye - ezobuchwepheshe, nokuphuhlisa iimpahla Navy kweli lizwe linikwe ixesha elininzi. Nangona kunjalo, sisaxakekile naliphi na ilizwe enkulu.

Izikhephe kunye cruisers, ngwenya, nabakhi moya, imiphunga kunye elikhulu - uluhlu kwezisombululo zeteknoloji inde kakhulu. Enye yezi yaba 'ukhozi "okanye" Project 1144 ". Heavy nuclear enomjukujelwa Cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" - iprojekthi flagship, nto leyo nayo nayiphi na kwiikhom- nayiphi wenqanawa ehlabathini. Yiloo nto, ukusebenza kwayo, iimpawu, yomkhosi data zobuchwepheshe ziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ukusombuluka igama

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama "Admiral Ushakov" Cruiser wayengekho asenokungacaci kwangoku. "Admiral Stripes" wabonakala emva kokuwa Union - ngo-1992. Emva koko omnye 3 "Orlan" kuba amagama amatsha. Kulo mzekelo, elinye kuphela --4 - linegama elithi "Pet Veliky". Owokuqala abathathu baba "abaphathi". It Ushakov, various kunye Nakhimov. Kwitheko esitokisini wenkundla igama "laseKirov", "Frunze", "esibizwa" ngokulandelelana kwazo. Cruiser wesine kuqala igama "Kuibyshev", ngoko, phambi kokuphela yokwakha, wafumana igama elitsha - "uYuri Andropov".

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela "Pet Veliky" ukho kule nkonzo. "Nakhimov" phezu okulungisa. I ezimbini zokuqala nako indawo uphuculo, kodwa "Nakhimov".

project "Orlan"

Ingcamango nokudalwa enqanaweni, yintoni kamva waba Cruiser zenyukliya "Admiral Ushakov", andizanga kwaoko. iiprojekthi zokuqala asusela kwiminyaka engama-50 leminyaka yokugqibela. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukudala iintlobo ezimbini iinqanawa - mntu ukuba (iProjekthi 63) a Cruiser, okwesibini - inqanawa umoya wokhuselo (Project 81). Kuba zombini iindidi powerplant njengoko kwakucwangcisiwe ukuze isicelo reactor yenyukliya.

Project 81 ngoko lavalwa, kunye nomsebenzi kwiindidi yomibini zancitshiswa kwicala elinye. Inqanawa wayefanele kuba inkulu kakhulu, kodwa ke umthamo kunye nomoya zokhuselo, kunye Cruiser elula. Ngelishwa, le projekthi 63 andihlalanga ixesha elide, yaye kungekudala ivaliwe.

Buyela iprojekthi i "enyukliya" iza kuphela ekupheleni 60s, xa iLeningrad Central Design Bureau ukwenza isitya njengonogada atom "zexabiso eliphantsi". Inqanawa kufuneka ukubana omalunga 8,000 iitoni (sothelekiso, iprojekthi flagship - i Cruiser enomjukujelwa "Admiral Ushakov" - ezifunyenweyo 24,000), ukuba nako ukulandela ezinye iinqanawa nje kuphela, babanike inkxaso umlilo, kodwa ukuba ukulandelela phantsi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, imikhumbi kungenzeka utshaba. Enye i "chip" engundoqo wayefanele ukuba ibe unlimited uluhlu ingami. Le projekthi lokuqala kulindeleke ukuba ukwakha malunga 40 iimpahla ezinjalo, kodwa, njengoko kanti, nje ishishini Ndandingekakulungeli ukukhulula isitya yale ukubana, singasathethi ixabiso layo ezifikelelekayo.

"Yeyam Land" + "Orlan"

Nangona ezi ezingenasigxina, le projekthi ufumana ukukhanya okuluhlaza 1144. Lo Endliwa amandla enyukliya, imipu, izindululi inomzimba, nkqu ntaka yaqonda. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uphuhliso kwezi moya eSoviet Union baqalisa kudala ngaphambi ingcamango zenzeke abaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, le nqanawa ntaka ningazange nimbone. Kodwa ke kukho enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo ukuba ngoko "laseKirov" (kamva "Admiral Ushakov"). Cruiser esuka udidi "umkhondo nqanawa" kudidi "nqanawa anti-ngwenya".

Isibakala sokuba ngokunxuseneyo "Orlan," ibikukuphuhlisa isitya nje ngentlokomo, nethe idrafti yoku yaba ikhowudi-igama "umhlaba wam" (or "inqaku 1165"). Kwaye ngoMeyi 1971, xa omabini iinqanawa yayisele zophuhliso izixhobo, iiprojekthi uxhulumeneyo. nqanawa elizayo uyithathaphi kwezikhali ilungileyo, phambi kokuba iphuhliswe ukwenzela uhlobo ngalunye.

Ivula

Emva konyaka ngokudibana uyilo zomkhosi singeniswe version lokugqibela. Emva koko ubatyale ngoMatshi 1973 kwiBaltic. Ordzhonikidze Cruiser wabeka entloko. Xa inguqulelo yokugqibela idrafti iimpahla 5 olucwangcisiweyo, 4 kuzo zakhiwa. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba umkhumbi wesine - "Pet Veliky" - wavuka nje umahluko ezimbalwa ukusuka noogxa babo. Ngokukodwa, yena ingami omkhulu, kwaphuculwa anti-inkwili sonar kunye nezixhobo, imijukujelwa iza mihla.

kweminyaka 4 kamva, kuNyaka oMtsha nguEva 1977, lo Cruiser enzima zenyukliya "Admiral Ushakov" laphehlelelwa kwaye abhalisela kwi Navy eSoviet Union. Lo nyaka waphawulwa ngenxa "ukhozi" uyilo isekhona isiganeko mnye. Kwaba ngoko Navy laqalisa kucalulo entsha, yaye "laseKirov" ukusuka kudidi yenqanawa anti-inkwili ezilula uba enzima zenyukliya-enikwe imizili Cruiser.

Inkcazelo kunye noyilo

Ngexesha uyilo kunye koko wakha inqanawa ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezijongeneyo ehlabathini. Ngenxa yokuba belilinye wokongeza i-ephuhliswe ikakhulu aluminiyamu-wemagniziyam. Uninzi izixhobo shelwe zangasemva isaphetha. amakhaka eyongezelelweyo vehicles ivaliwe igumbi injini, izisele emthethweni, kwaye phantse zonke izikhundla ezibalulekileyo enqanaweni "Admiral Ushakov".

Cruiser ine forecastle elide kunye ezantsi kabini yonke ubude wenqanawa. Umphezulu uye ube ezintlanu (kwakhona wonke umzimba). Ngasemva - underdeck yokuma esilungiselelwe khona njalo-ntaka ezintathu. Kukho kwakhona indlela okukunyusa yakhiwe kwaye inikeza indawo yokugcina zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukubhabha. Yindlela okukunyusa no kweempompo ezimi emhlabeni eriyali "polynomial" ngumba elinzima gumbi eyahlukileyo.

Ukwakhiwa yenqanawa leyo iye phambili iimfuno phezulu kakhulu kuba izityalo yokuvelisa kunokwenzeka. Okokuqala, uyilo lokugqibela inqanawa wafumana ukubana abantu abangaphezu kwama-24 000 okulahlwayo kwindawo yesibini, ubude iphezulu igobhogobho yaba ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwe-250 m Kwakukho uthotho lonke iimfuno ekufuneka wadibana isityalo sibe sinye kuphela kwi-Union - .. iLeningrad.

izikhali

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngayo izixhobo, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yenyukliya-enikwe enomjukujelwa Cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" kwafuneka ukuba bambethe inqanawa i amaqela carrier moya utshaba, enithiyela phantsi, babatshabalalise ngwenya, kwaye, kakade, ukunika moya kunye (kwixesha elizayo) enomjukujelwa ukukhusela nommandla wayo. Ngokuba yonke le misebenzi, inqanawa wafumana uludwe lwazo zonke iintlobo izixhobo. Ekubeni yenkcazelo eneenkcukacha yodidi ngalunye kufuneka asilulo inqaku, kuyimfuneko ukuba olinciphisayo iimpawu angqalileyo.

Isixhobo Impembelelo engundoqo kwenkqubo "Granit" - inkqubo enomjukujelwa antiship ise-isaphetha. Oku kuquka imijukujelwa 20 uluhlu ubuninzi 550 km moya, warhead - nuclear. 500 warhead kg.

izixhobo moya - irula complex "Fort". Cruiser 12 iingcinga igubu 8 imizili nganye. Ukongeza neethagethi umoya arhabaxa iinqanawa utshaba ukuya umbhuqi eklasini. Injini sungula lwenzeka emva kokukhululwa kwakhe ukusuka kwisityalo esibonelela uqhushumbo umlilo nokhuselo enqanaweni. Flight lomqolo - 70 km (kuphela ukuba iinkqubo zolawulo enqanaweni).

izixhobo ASW iquka enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "ikhephu" - 10 ngexabiso-torpedoes. Beqhumisa Uluhlu - up to 50 km, ubunzulu intshabalalo -. 500 m-ifanele ezintlanu inomzimba ngemibhobho emibini zisetyenziswa Ukongeza kule nkqubo.

Kwakhona sizilungiselela linani elikhulu ezincinane imipu, imipu kunye imipu umatshini amancinci-barreled ezintandathu.

lokusebenzela ilizwe lakhe

Phakathi imisebenzi emininzi kwaye kuliwe imisebenzi, apho kwaphuma "Yokhozi", kubalulekile ukuba igxininiswe into enye apho kwaba "Admiral Ushakov". Le Cruiser waba emanzini zethu, xa ngoDisemba 1983, iinqanawa NATO, ukuba benze kwicala wakwaSirayeli, waqalisa ukusebenza emkhosini nxamnye neSiriya Lebanon - ezi namahlakani USSR. Inqanawa wayalelwa ukuya kuLwandle lweMeditera. Apha iqala a ukwazi. Xa kwafika ezo emanzini, yaye ukuya khona yaba ngaphantsi kancinane nje ngosuku, ngoko nangoko iinqanawa NATO wayeka ukudubula kwaye wabaleka ukuya kwindawo siqithi. Yiya km kufutshane kwe 500 ukuya kwi "Ushakov" baseMerika akabanga nabuganga.

Odlayo, Blogs

Ibinzana evela endala ngentla inkcazo elungileyo kakhulu imeko inqanawa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha. Ngowe-1989, xa Cruiser waba emsebenzini, kwaphulwa gearbox ephambili. Ngoko iingxaki ziqala isityalo engundoqo amandla, yaye ngowe-1991, umthetheli wafumana imiyalelo: kufuneka aveze ingxelo kwi ukulungiswa. Zamob awumise, kodwa kwiminyaka elandelayo, kukho mnye kuphela isiganeko esibalulekileyo - izikhephe utshintsho kwi Russian Navy igama elithi heavy yenyukliya enomjukujelwa Cruiser "Admiral Ushakov". Maxesha kunye nokulungiswa avareji ziya kwenziwa kuphela ngonyaka wama-2000.

Isiphelo elandelayo iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo nentsomi endala - konke oko kuxhomekeke apho isiphumlisi. Iminyaka-20 (ukususela kwixesha iqashiso yokupaka), eli isiphumlisi zatshintsha yayo indawo eziliqela. Ukuphuculwa, ukumimitheka uze nesisombululo entsha, nkqu abuyele Navy, kodwa akukho lokugqibela. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo, nokuba wakhululwa elwandle "Admiral" ayikaziwa.

isiphelo

Enye iinqanawa ezimbalwa kwi Russian lwaphela Cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" inama isityalo lwamandla esekelwe reactor yenyukliya. Nanamhlanje, ngomkhosi hlabathi akukho firepower nqanawa zifana "Ushakov". Ukuvela kwinkokeli elundini kwiimeko ezininzi ngokupheleleyo ayikazi ukulingana kwamandla kwezinye iimeko, kwaye kuya kuba buhlungu gqitha xa inqanawa kule klasi nje bavunyelwe ukuba ezilahliweyo.