Afrika xa kuthelekiswa nezinye amazwekazi neelwandle, iziqithi, iindawo, ezingxingongweni. Ziintoni iimpawu ze-Indawo esikuyo Afrika?

Afrika - izwekazi kuleyo ndawo yesibini kuphela Eurasia. Kwenkaba idlula iseyisangene indawo ephakathi. Afrika xa kuthelekiswa nezinye amazwekazi yi umdla wokwenene. Ilizwekazi ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa, iwela kumhlaba ophakathi ekweleenjiko basentla nobasezantsi.

Inkcazelo ilizwekazi

izifundo iJografi abafundi esikolweni grade 7 ungakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi, "Chaza indawo Afrika ngokunxulumene kwamanye amazwekazi." Ukwenza oko unokuqala incazelo elandelayo. Ilizwekazi zihlanjwe kweelwandle eziliqela kunye neelwandle. West Coast waya Atlantic, emzantsi nasempuma - le Indian Ocean, entla - ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kumntla-mpuma - yoLwandle oluBomvu. Afrika iba yinxalenye yehlabathi, ukuba sithe saphinda nezwe kwiziqithi ezikufuphi. Singene 6% yabo phezu uMhlaba ne-20% yendawo mhlaba.

Ukususela ezantsi, empuma nasentshona iphela headlands lizwekazi. It Agulhas, Almadies kunye hafun ngokulandelelana. Incam esemantla Ras ben Sakka thaca. Le lizwekazi ayikwazi ukuqhayisa inani elikhulu iziqithi. Edume kakhulu kwaye inkulu kubo - yaseMadagascar. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba isikhundla Afrika ngokunxulumene nezinye amazwekazi neelwandle, iziqithi, iindawo, ezingxingongweni.

usingasiqithi baseSomalia ukwakweli kunxweme lwasempumalanga, ukuverha kungena Indian Ocean. Gulf of Guinea kumosha yakhiwe agudileyo unxweme yasentshona. Ububanzi wesiqingatha yomntla zwekazi 7.5 thous. Km, kukho iindawo eziliqela. Ubude bethuba neze ibhanki liphezulu, ekupheleni breakage. kubunzulu esibi kunye surfs ezinamandla ukwenza ukwakhiwa kumazibuko kunye nempahla basondele umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

LweMeditera kuLwandle Olubomvu - umda phakathi Afrika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. iimeko zendalo kunye zemozulu inxalenye esemntla kwilizwekazi embhoxo kumzantsi Yurophu kunye kumzantsi Asia. Gibraltar limxinwa ububanzi km 14 - umqobo phakathi Old yeHlabathi Afrika. E Suez siqwenga ohlanganisa nemisinga kunye Asia. Ngenkulungwane XIX emva kokuba wemba umjelo ingxingwa iinqanawa. Ngaselunxwemeni zaseAfrika misele ibalulekileyo yorhwebo of the World Old e-Australia nase-Asia.

Imeko eAfrika Australia ngokunxulumene nezinye amazwekazi

Amazwekazi ezisemazantsi ezineefitsha eziqhelekileyo indawo okuyo, nokwadala iimeko zendalo kunye zemozulu. Imimandla eziphambili Afrika kunye Australia zikufutshane kwi-ikhweyitha, ngoko kumphezulu wazo lehla eninzi radiation elanga. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imali ubushushu bathunyelwa emhlabeni, phantse ayitshintshi kwiinyanga ezahlukeneyo.

Amazwekazi ezisemazantsi kufuneka iibhondi buthathaka emzimbeni omnye nomnye kunye nabanye amazwekazi. An ngaphandle Afrika, oludityaniswe ngokucacileyo kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu. Australia akanayo unxibelelwano umhlaba kunye amazwekazi nezinye ukususela phakathi Mesozoic. Kule mihla, phakathi amazwekazi cishe akukho utshintshiselwano abameli izilwanyana kunye nezityalo indalo. indawo okuyo Afrika ngokunxulumene nezinye amazwekazi ukuvumela enezityalo nezilwanyana ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphezu. Uhlobo Arabhu Peninsula kunye iSahara kunye nommandla Atlas kunye nonxweme inemisebenzi ezifanayo uLwandle lweMeditera.

nezwekazi Australian ngokupheleleyo ephethwe yi-Southern saseNtla. incam Northern nesithandwa kunye elwandle zifudumeleyo. eziphantse Pacific ifuthe buthathaka, ekhusela ilizwekazi ukusuka kwicala elingasempuma. Phakathi kwezinye amazwekazi elisemazantsi, Australia yeyona ekwanti. Le nto ibe negalelo elikhulu phezu enezityalo nezilwanyana zengingqi.

Afrika kunye Oceans

Imeko ezinye amazwekazi Afrika ingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ezisekupheleni Koloni wadibana imijelo ezibandayo.
• Esikunxweme lwempuma uphantsi kweempembelelo kwabo amanzi ashushu.
• Isiphelo lasemzantsi zihlanjwe nemisinga enamandla ngowasentshonalanga leyo intle.

Ezi mpawu zixhaphakile onke amazwekazi esemazantsi, Kakade ke, ezinye izilungiso. Imida alandelayo ethile kwilizwekazi i-Afrika:

• Ekubeni tye phakathi kwe-ikhweyitha. ugu eseMazantsi kwaye emantla phantse enye ububanzi.
• isiphelo Northern iphenjelelwa kuLwandle lweMeditera, oku kuboniswa uhlobo kwiindawo ezingqonge belizwekazi.
• Afrika - ummelwane kwelizwekazi yaseYurophu kwaye ezifanayo kunye South-West Asia.
• Nje omnye amazwekazi esemazantsi becala ibekwe kumntla ikhweyitha. Lo Afrika.

Ubukhulu kunye nokumila

Ukuqwalasela isikhundla Afrika ngokunxulumene nezinye amazwekazi neelwandle, ndingasathethi iimilo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ummandla umphezulu kwelizwekazi million 29.2 ^{kweekhilomitha-2,} nto leyo malunga nesiqingatha yaseYurophu.

Ifomu ilandela imithetho mpumalanga, eqhelekileyo onke amazwekazi zonke zehlabathi;

• Inxalenye esemntla kakhulu olunzulu kunye nomzantsi - elimxinwa.
• Ububanzi likhulu - xa ezinezinga eliphantsi.

Equatorial, ummandla zemozulu emvula kunye neziphakathi lugubungela malunga nama-85% kwingingqi ye-Afrika. Oku Zinjalo kumazwekazi, abakulo ezantsi. amazwekazi Northern abe%-20 kuphela kwezi nkalo.

benyusa

Ngezinto lizwekazi Akasohlwayi nabo, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuchaza inkcazo iimpawu eendawo kuloo mida imeko lwase le. Afrika kungekho ngaphandle. Xa sithelekisa iqondo uburhabaxa iimilo ezahlukeneyo amazwekazi (umlinganiselo ummandla kummandla ekuhlala peninsulas ezinkulu, ukuba abaseleyo ebusweni lizwekazi), sifumana umfanekiso kulandelayo:

• 1:99 - Afrika.
• 1:50 - South America.
• 1: 4 - Australian.
• 1: 3 - i yaseYurophu nakuMntla Melika.

Ngokubanzi, amazwekazi ibekwe ezinezinga ekumzantsi, abe inani elincinci kakhulu peninsulas ezinkulu.

Isifundo kwelizwekazi

Afrika ngokubonakalayo waqalisa ukufunda ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, xa abaphandi Western wayezimisele ukufumana imithombo ezintsha kwezibonelelo izimbiwa wendalo. Eli nani likhulu matutu yaququzelelwa ngaphakathi kweli lizwekazi. Kuye wafunda phezulu; kwandule ke oluphakathi kunye esezantsi kuyo. Niger. Abahambi wawela Sahara.

Emva kolu phononongo kuchaphazela ezantsi belizwekazi lase-Afrika. Wafunda p. ELimpopo. izazinzulu Russian inxaxheba nemingenela inkcazelo hambo eBlue umNayile. Ngokuthe ngcembe kutyhilwa amachibi ezintsha, iintaba, imilambo efunda. Enye kweziphumo zophononongo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yaba uphando nemilambo: i-Congo, umNayile, Zambezi kunye Niger. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elandelayo kwi nemisinga wafumana iidipozithi ezibalulekileyo lwezibonelelo zendalo.

ukukhululeka

Inkululeko kunye nendawo Afrika ngokunxulumene nezinye amazwekazi yoMhlaba - isiphumo yophuhliso ngembali kwilizwekazi. Umphezulu yena yinqobo kuye. Eyona ndawo iphambili nekuhlala kumathafa agudle, akhiwe endaweni ephakeme 200-1000 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. kwimimandla esezantsi kancinane. Eyona idumileyo yasethafeni - eMpuma naseMzantsi Afrika. Emigodini wamvusa kwindawo enye (Kalahari Congo njalo njalo).

Imbali ziitectonic plates yezwekazi

Yintoni na indawo okuyo yeAfrika kunye nophuhliso yayo zembali? Isiseko bavela iqonga-Arabhu-Afrika, kuyinto yamandulo. Kuye kwasekwa ngenxa ekwahlulweni ajenos, owayebonakele kwi Archean-Proterozoic. Kwiminyaka nje billion ezimbalwa, iqonga iye ziyamelana. Northern Atlas Iintaba kunye Cape Southern endiyibumbileyo kakhulu kamva.

platform Giant ubunzima amaxesha ezisezintabeni kunye ukunqamka okunokwenzeka. amaxesha Northern incam eziliqela ingaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Xa isiseko yamatye crystalline ezi maleko ludaka. Ngaphezu koko ezantsi, phakathi weSahara, isiseko ukuya kumphezulu.

Umphezulu basempumalanga, nakumzantsi-Afrika lasekwa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo: amaxolo rhoqo ndivuka breaks. Baya ekubonakaleni ezisebenza mlilo. Kule mimandla, - ezininzi kuThixo weentili kwasekwa udaka. Grabens ezele ngamanzi wajika echibini. umsebenzi mlilo kunye iingcangcazela uphinde waphawula ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ummandla kudaleka ezi mlilo, phakathi kwabo - Kilimanjaro. Eli nqanaba eliphezulu yezwe, leyo ilingana leemitha 5895.

minerals

Yintoni na indawo okuyo yeAfrika kunye kwezimbiwa oovimba? Kwilizwekazi unesethi osisityebi amasimi, uninzi lwazo phakathi inkulu ehlabathini.

izimbiwa nsimbi - igolide, intsimbi, ubhedu, zinc, njl -. Lilungu kwiqonga wamandulo lesiseko. Luquka ezi zeengxondorha zilandelayo: igneous nemetamorphic. Le iidipozithi ecebe ezikhoyo kwimimandla ekumzantsi kunye nempuma yeli lizwekazi. Gold igcina Afrika umkhondo nobhedu uhamba yesibini ehlabathini.

Diamonds - esinye ebuncwaneni kwilizwekazi. La matye zisetyenziswa kuphela kwinkalo izacholo, kodwa njengoko le nto inzima ehlabathini. Afrika inika ½ zehlabathi kwemfuno ledayimani. Le imali ebekiweyo kule ilitye ezifumaneka yaseMzantsi kwaye kwimimandla engundoqo belizwekazi.

sezulu

Afrika xa kuthelekiswa nezinye amazwekazi uchaza iimeko zayo zemozulu. Oku kucingwa ukuba abe ndawo ishushu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kwindawo engundoqo ye ilizwekazi sachaza amaqondo obushushu ngaphezu +20 ºC. Ezi meko zinxulunyaniswa yokufunyaniswa kwe-Afrika phakathi ekweleenjiko basentla nobasezantsi. Kule ndawo, ilanga liphakame, yaye kabini ngonyaka iwela lokugcina. Zonyaka lo ngamazwi umahluko ubushushu kakhulu njengemvula.

Ajikelezayo nokuphuma esesibhakabhakeni kwagqitywa iimeko zemozulu, iqondo ukuxovwa kunye periodicity yayo. Ngaphezu ikhweyitha, ummandla xi ephantsi, kunye nezibonda kwicala - phezulu. imimoya Trade ifihle phantse lonke Afrika. Umbilo ukuba umoya kuphela ukuvuthela ukusuka emzantsi-mpuma. Xa iimvula ebusika efudumeleyo wabumba ukusuka umoya ofumileyo, evela Atlantic.

imozulu yahluke

Ukuqwalasela isikhundla Afrika ngokunxulumene kwamanye amazwekazi, kuyimfuneko ekukhuliseni umba zonation zemozulu:

• Equatorial nebhanti. Oku kuquka isitya. Congo kunye osemantla Gulf of Guinea.
• ibhanti Tropical. South kunye mvula ngasentla.
• zone sehlathi. Oku kuquka ongasentla kunye esemazantsi belizwekazi. iimeko zezulu kangangoko abantu.

Iqela izazinzulu musa ukwabelana imimandla emibini yokuqala, ukunyamekele i sentshinyela-emvula. Imida yayo bodwa indawo yi inani leenyanga ifumile.