Amagama Old kunye nentsingiselo yawo. Ixabiso amazwi ezindala Russian

Isigama - ingqokelela onke amazwi ukuba sisebenzise. Iqela eyahlukileyo Lexicon nga kuqwalaselwa amagama ubudala. Bona ngolwimi Russian kakhulu, kwaye basonta ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo zembali.

Yintoni amagama kweediliya

Ekubeni ulwimi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yabantu, yaye amagama asetyenziswa kolu lwimi ezilulutho zembali. amagama Old kunye nentsingiselo yazo na onokumxelela okuninzi ngendlela iziganeko ezenzeka kubomi babantu inkqubo ethile yaye abanye babo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ubudala okanye ngaphezulu, la magama zange kusetyenziswa ngexesha lethu, ndikho isigama abantu, ebhalwe kwizichazi magama neencwadi reference. Kaninzi ukuba inokufumaneka imisebenzi yobugcisa.

Umzekelo, kulo mbongo Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, sifunda sicatshulwa silandelayo:

"Isihlwele oonyana abanamandla,

Nabangani Gridnitsa eliphezulu

Vladimir ilanga-izidlo,

intombi omncinci wanika

Kuba prince onesibindi Ruslan ".

Apha igama elithi "Gridnitsa". Ngoku akasebenzisi, kodwa ngexesha Prince Vladimir, oko kwakuthetha igumbi elikhulu, apho umthetheli kunye nabantu bakhe amalungiselelo amatheko kunye namaxesha.

historicism

amagama Old nesikhundla zabo bezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ukuba yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu.

Historicism - amagama ngoku kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ngenxa yokuba baphuma ukusetyenziswa iikhonsepthi ababameleyo. Umzekelo, "ingubo", "iposi" isikrweqe "archaisms, njalo njalo - Ngawo la ke amazwi ukuchaza amagama aqhelekileyo kuthi ngamanye amazwi, umzekelo, umlomo -. Imilebe, izidlele - izidlele, entanyeni - entanyeni.

Kwintetho namhlanje, njengoko umthetho, ukuba azisetyenziswa. amagama Clever kunye neentsingiselo zawo, abaninzi ningaqondi; ngokuba kwintetho yethu yemihla ngemihla aziqhelekanga. Kodwa shwaka ziphelelwe kwaphela. Historicism kunye archaisms abalobi ukuxelela inyaniso malunga elidlulileyo abantu, ngala mazwi asidluliselayo ukunonga ngexesha. Historicism na onokumxelela ngokunyanisekileyo ntoni into eyenzeke kanye kwezinye amathuba kwilizwe lethu.

archaisms

Ngokungafaniyo historicism archaisms zimele nesenzeko ukuba nazo ebomini mihla. Oku amagama clever, kunye neentsingiselo zawo musa ziyahluka ukusuka njengesiqhelo amazwi, kuphela bekhalisa ezahlukeneyo. Archaisms zahlukile. Kukho abo lwahlukile magama nje ezinye iinkalo upelo kunye pronunciation. Umzekelo, isichotho, kunye nomzi, igolide negolide Mlada - abaselula. Oku archaisms phonetic. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwakukho amagama amaninzi anjalo. It klob (club), Stora (umkhusane).

Kukho iqela archaisms kunye izimamva lixesha, ezifana Muzeum (museum), uncedo (uncedo), abalobi (weentlanzi). Amaninzi sidibana archaisms lungelelanisa, umzekelo, iliso - iliso, ngesandla sokunene - sokunene isandla Shuitsev - ngesandla sasekhohlo.

Njengoko historicism, archaisms zisetyenziselwa ukwenza kwihlabathi ekhethekileyo zamabali. Ngoko ke, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin wayedla ulwimi akudala ukunika imisebenzi yakhe bokubanga. Oku kuboniswa ngokucacileyo umbongo "Umprofeti".

Amazwi Rus Ancient

Rus yaMandulo enakana inkcubeko mihla. Kodwa ke bekukho imeko ethile lungelelanisa, amanye amazwi ezithe zagcinwa ulwimi mihla Russian. Kwaye abanye bewasebenzisa onke. Mdala igama Russian ngexesha kusinika ingcamango malunga ngemvelaphi kweelwimi East Slavic.

Umzekelo, iziqalekiso yamandulo. Ezinye zazo obugcwele kakhulu ngeempawu ezimbi yomntu. Joe Blow - ezinenkcukacha, Ruhm - crybaby Tolokonov wanebunzi - isidenge, zahuhrya - indoda singcolile.

Ixabiso lamazwi ezindala Russian ngamanye amaxesha ziyahluka ukusuka kwenye amaxabiso iingcambu zale mihla. Sonke siyazi igama elithi "siganut" yaye "whitefish", ukuthini intshukumo ekhawulezileyo emajukujukwini. Old Russian elithi "SIG 'kuthetha iyunithi incinane yomlinganiselo ixesha. Kwenye MIG eziqulethwe whitefish 160. Amaxabiso kakhulu Kulinganiselo njenge "kumgama ngakumbi", nto leyo ilingana no-1, 4 ukukhanya nyaka-.

mazwi amandulo kunye neentsingiselo zawo kuxoxwe zizazinzulu. zemali yamandulo ingqalelo amagama ezazisetyenziswa eRashiya yamandulo. Zemali eziye zavela kule ngenkulungwane yesibhozo kwaye yesithoba eRashiya wayewathenga kwi Arab Caliphate, wasebenzisa igama elithi "Coon", "nogata" yaye "kunqunyulwa". Kwakukho zemali zokuqala Russian - it zlatniki kunye amaqhosha esilivere.

amagama ezavalwayo ukusuka 12 and 13 eminyaka

Pre-Mongol ixesha eRashiya, 12-13 leminyaka, luphawulwa uphuhliso lwezakhiwo, leyo ke kuthiwa bokwakha. Ngokulandelelanayo, yaye emva koko yaba umaleko isigama ezinxulunyaniswa nokwakhiwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Amanye amagama zaye asakhulayo ngolwimi mihla, kodwa ke ixabiso igama endala Russian lonke eli xesha itshintshile.

Isiseko ubomi Russia ngenkulungwane ye-12 kwakukho inqaba, leyo ke ngokuba "Detinets". Kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-14, igama elithi 'yesicelo', nto leyo ke nayo ingabonisa sixeko. Igama elithi "yesicelo" wayeza kuba ngumzekelo ukutshintsha indlela ilizwi mdala Russian. Ukuba yesicelo yenye, le ahlala kuyo intloko karhulumente, ngoko kremlins baba baninzi.

Ngenkulungwane ye-11 neye-12 eRashiya ukwakha izixeko neenqaba kweenkuni. Ke azaba nako ukumelana ukumelana i Mongol-nangezinto. I Mongols, esiza ukoyisa emhlabeni, nabuganga nje inqaba ngamaplanga. Bema isixeko ilitye of Novgorod kunye Pskov. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi "yesicelo" livela yemihla yaseTver ngo-1317. It nelithi igama yamandulo "kremnik". Ngoko zazakhiwe yesicelo e Moscow, Tula kunye Kolomna.

indima lwentlalo nobugcisa of archaisms yoncwadi lwamandulo

mazwi amandulo, ingxoxo yayo afunyanwa rhoqo kwi kumanqaku zenzululwazi, ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa ngababhali Russian ukwenza intetho yabo umsebenzi ekhululekile ngakumbi. Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin kwinqaku yakhe yachaza inkqubo kokudalwa 'Boris Godunov ":" Ndazama ukuthelekelela ulwimi ixesha. "

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov sasisebenza imisebenzi yakhe amagama ezindala kunye neentsingiselo zawo kwakuhambisana kanye ukuba izinto ixesha, athathwa kuyo. Amazwi ezininzi yamandulo kuvela umsebenzi wakhe "I Ingoma malunga Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich." Oku, umzekelo, "Veda", "owu, u goy ESI" Ali. " Kwakhona, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky wabhala imisebenzi apho amagama amaninzi ubudala. Le "nguDmitry le Pretender", "Voivod", "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk".

Indima amazwi elizibalula yokugqibela kwiincwadi lwanamhlanje

Archaisms wahlala zithandwa kuncwadi kwenkulungwane yama-20. Khumbula umsebenzi Yaduma Ilf and Petrov "izitulo elinambini". Apha, amagama ezindala kunye nentsingiselo yazo hlukile, ithoni ezihlekisayo.

Ngokomzekelo, xa echaza lotyelelo kwilali Ostap Bender Vasyuki wafumana ibinzana elithi "umntu unaliso linye akazange athathe iliso lakhe kuphela izihlangu grossmeysterovoy." Isetyenziswa ku Church Slavonic archaisms umbala kwenye episode: "Bawo Fyodor wayelambile. Ndandifuna ukuba ubutyebi. "

iimpazamo okuloba xa usebenzisa historicism kunye archaisms

Historicism kunye archaisms nga embellish kakhulu fiction, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo nolungafanelekanga ehleka. mazwi amandulo, ingxoxo leyo edla ndixakekile kakhulu, njengoko umthetho, ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba uqale ngokubuza umntu odlulayo: "Kutheni ubusika entanyeni open kuni," yena akaqondi ukuba (wayebhekisela entanyeni).

Kwintetho iphephandaba wafumana ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga historicism kunye archaisms. Umzekelo: ". Inqununu yesikolo privechayut ootitshala abaselula abaye beze ukuqhuba" Igama elithi "akabalahli" nelithi elithi "wamkelekile". Ngamanye amaxesha abafundi kufakwa sisincoko zabo archaisms kwaye musa idini ecacileyo kakhulu kwaye lendaba. Umzekelo: "Olga bebaleka ndilila waxelela Tatiana Ivanovna malunga sisithuko." Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa igama endala, intsingiselo, intsingiselo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka icace ngokupheleleyo kuwe.

amagama akudala fantasy kunye yesayensi

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba wazuza kuthandwa omkhulu kwixesha ntlobo zethu ezifana iingcinga kunye yesayensi. Kubonakala ukuba le fantasy uhlobo isebenza, amagama ezindala asetyenziswa kakhulu, yaye intsingiselo yazo akusoloko kucacile ukuba umfundi mihla.

Concepts ezifana 'ibhena "yaye" umnwe ", umfundi uyakwazi ukuqonda. Kodwa maxa wambi kukho amagama anzima kakhulu afana "Caumont" yaye "Bafundise". Ndimele ndithi ukuba abavakalisi musa uvumelana ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo archaisms. Kodwa kukho imisebenzi apho ababhali zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo historicism kunye archaisms. Kusebenza ukususela oluthi "maphupho Slavic." Umzekelo, iinoveli kaMaria Stepanova 'Valkyrie', Tatiana Korostyshevsky "unina imimoya emine," Maria semenova "ngokucofa kanye", Denis Novozhilov "Kunokuba kude ubukumkani. Imfazwe ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. "