A jonga i iqola ingqondo yomntu

Kangangexesha elide, osekupheleni XIX yaye ngenkulungwane XX, xa bengqondo kwakukho ingxaki methodological ezinxulumene vagueness nokungaqiniseki iinjongo zokugqibela zophando nasengqondweni. Le ukungangqinelani ekuqondeni oko iqola ingqondo, ekumiseleni imithetho kunye neemeko zawo, kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani yeengqiqo ezahlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe imiba yezentlalo eziphilayo, indima ephambili kwimfuza nokusingqongileyo kuphuhliso psyche. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bezikolo ezahlukeneyo yakhuthaza beqokelela iisethi zedatha ngamava ekuziphuhliseni ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo obomi esezikhona eminye imibono ukucacisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezichaza iindlela ezithi zibe ezithile iipropati engqondweni umntu.

Kwinzululwazi mihla, uphuhliso yengqondo babeshiywe ibonwe njengenxalenye zawo ezingqongileyo abaziwayo: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, zeGestalt ngezengqondo, humanistic kunye neengcamango yemfuza.

uphuhliso izangoma ukusuka kwindawo psychoanalytic lwembono,

USigmund Freud wadala ingcamango ye zingqondweni, ababesithi iinkqubo yengqondo becala zingqondweni, kunye namava kuphela nje ezimbalwa ngokomoya ifezekiswe ngumntu. Indalo kunye nophuhliso lwamaxabiso zenkcubeko yabantu Freud wachaza ekuqaleni kuphela ngesondo, kunye nokusebenzisana nochumileyo kumacala yebhayoloji nezentlalo kuphuhliso bengqondo - nendlela yokuzikhusela. Njengenxalenye umhlalutyi enkulu psychosexuality ingqalelo kwaye yengqondo nophuhliso umntu ngamaxesha ebuntwaneni. Wonke umntu uqhelene zabo elabelwe lo ezizezemvelo ngokwesondo, nto leyo echaphazela psyche umntwana ndilandelise omdala yeqonga.

iqola ingqondo ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kwengqondo yemfuza

Imfundiso Piaget - ezikhanya neyaziwayo ulunxibelele uphuhliso psyche lomntwana ubukrelekrele. izazinzulu Cognitive amisele iinkqubo ekukhuleni adaptation, nokwenziwa, indawo yokuhlala, kunye equilibration. Ulwazi ihlabathi ngenxa nomnqweno ukuqhelana okanye ukuziqhelanisa. Ukuziqhelanisa, ke, iqulathe inkqubo nokwenziwa - ukutshintsha amagama ekhoyo phantsi kwempembelelo ulwazi olutsha yokuhlala, nto leyo evumela ukuba balunqhele ulwazi kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha yokuziphatha njenge basabela kuyo. Le psyche ivela kwi alternation ukulungelelana kwezi nkqubo.

theory Humanistic nophuhliso engqondweni

A omtsha nombono kwi kuphuhliso engqondweni yomntu evela iisayikholojisti ngezokuzimela. Bayalibona ukohluka kunye nentsusa zomntu ivuliwe kwaye self-ukuphuhlisa inkqubo. Ihlabathi engaphakathi ngamnye, ukuzihlonipha - kuthungelwano oluxandileyo lweempawu ngamnye kwengqondo kunye neemfuno. Indlela bokwenyaniso amava ngqo kuyanceda ukuqonda kwabo "I 'ngaphakathi, yaye ngenxa yoko iqondo iimfuno neminqweno, phezulu kunjalo iqondo ngokuhambelana ubuntu. Umnqweno ngokuhambelana okukhulu, ngokutsho iisayikholojisti humanistic, uphawu esisiseko yobuntu, kunye nenjongo zophuhliso yawo - ibinzana iphezulu self kwinkqubo ye self-actualization. Famous wengqondo Maslow ayekholelwa ukuba ubomi babantu kufanele kube lula ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ubonise iimpawu zakho, ukudala "Mna" lakhe. Yaba nomnqweno abazi, iminqweno hayi unconscious elawula iintshukumo zakhe nezenzo. Kwi indlela self-actualization kunye self-nokuphucula kukho imiqobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba umntu ngamnye kufuneka boyise, bedidekile kwi ubunzima, ime uphuhliso wayo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ukuphazamiseka bangonwabi.

psychology Humanistic ezichongiweyo indima ebalulekileyo yentlalo uphuhliso ingqondo zabantu. Le ndima ezimbini, kuba phezu uluntu icala elinye igalelo kuphuhliso kunye self-actualization, yaye kwelinye icala, ezama ukucima ubuntu ukwenza umntu njengaye wonke umntu. Ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu mayela kumntu ngamnye kunye noluntu ngokwembono psychology humanistic kukho intsebenziswano enjalo apho umntu uzichaza kunye inkampani wabonakala zangaphandle, kodwa kugcina ubuyena yayo kunye kwinkqubo yophuhliso intrapersonal.