Amanyathelo Old ngobude ubunzima

Kumaxesha amandulo, ngomlinganiselo ubunzima kunye nobude abantu bakhonza, ie ubunzima - wobeka phi na yena uya kukwazi ukukhetha up emagxeni akhe, ubude - kude kangakanani ifikelela ngaphandle.

amanyathelo Vintage ubude zaye thaca inkqubo, equka ingqiqo ezifana neekhilomitha, iinyawo ezisixhenxe, iiyadi, intshi, intshi ingqiniba.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi ingqalelo imigaqo esisiseko. Arshin - elithile ubude ilingana 0,7112m (ngokwemimiselo mihla). Kuba eyadini wasiwa ukuthatha igeyiji, leyo zafakwa kwi vershoks kwicandelo.

amanyathelo Old zobude babe iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo imvelaphi yayo. Ukutolikwa yokuqala iyadi - ubude linyathelo kwabantu xa ehamba kwi flat namageduka ngesantya (malunga asixhenxe neesentimitha). Le nkcazelo efanayo ithathwa njenge inani ukubonisa amagama afana versta neenyawo ezisixhenxe. Nokuba ucinga ukuba isakhiwo elithi "iyadi" sibone ukuba ingcambu yawo "ar" kunye ulwimi yamandulo lithetha "phezu komhlaba" okanye "umhlaba", nto leyo engqina izimvo iingcali zeelwimi ukuba umlinganiselo endala Russian ngobude kusetyenziswa ekugqibeni umgama ohanjiweyo ngeenyawo.

Kwabakho elinye igama ngenxa yale umlinganiselo - "step", ie Akhawunti ziya kwenziwa ngamanyathelo ye omdala ( "ziifatom ezincinane" yaye "karhulumente-ziifatom").

Starorusskaya umlinganiselo lendlela ngobude - versta ebonisa umgama ukuba sele udlule ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye njengokujikeleza ikhuba ngexesha kokulima. Ngaxeshanye kunye isifanokuthi of "yasendle 'la magama mabini ixesha elide ukuba kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo yamandulo ubude. Ebudeni bolawulo uPetros Enkulu, omnye imayili of ulinganiswa neemitha 500 (1066.8 eemitha ngokwemimiselo mihla). Ngowe-1649 bamkela i "imayile mezhevaya" ulingana iwaka ziifatom ezilishumi. Thile emva (ngenkulungwane XVIII) baye baqala ukusebenzisa into efana lendlela verst (pyatisotnaya versta).

Ngenxa amanyathelo ezincinane ubude eRashiya njengoko unit ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswayo "span", nto leyo ukususela ngenkulungwane XVII, njenge "indawo ngekota." Ngenxa yoko, kukho amanyathelo ezifana ubude iidiliya njengoko neesentimitha ezimbini (olunye-isiqingatha intshi) kunye intshi (olunye-ikota intshi).

Enye yeendlela ixhaphakileyo ubude eRussia "fm" ukuxabana ezithile, yaye ezinye iinjongo, kwaye ubukhulu. ukuya umahluko ezilishumi kwakukho. Umzekelo, i "uwufumene centrifugal" umgama phakathi iziphelo iminwe bebekwe bomda owamkelweyo omdala ngesandla eyindoda. Kwaye igama elithi "sazhen elibhalwe ngokumileyo" kumiselwa umgama ukusuka toe yonyawo ekhohlo ukuya ngomnwe eliphakathi ekunene wamvusa.

Udibana nkqu inkcazelo ubude eRashiya yamandulo, njengokuba "ingqiniba", nto leyo ilingana ubude yengalo ukusuka zeminwe ukusa engqinibeni. ixabiso layo, ngokutsho kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukusukela cm 38 ukuya 47. Noko ke, ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI, lo gama sele ithathelwe yi elithi "eyadini".

umlinganiselo Old yobunzima eRashiya abamelwe yi la magama alandelayo:

- iqhekeza (0.044 g);

- slide (4.27 g);

- phawundi (Hryvnia) elingana spools 96 (0.41 kg);

- pud agxile ngeekhilogram ezingama-40 (16.38 kg).

Ratio Russian yaba iyunithi incinane mass elilingana 1/96 kunye spool womlinganiselo. Spool, ke, wayelingana 1/96 lesiqingatha kwaye luchazwa ngu ingqekembe zegolide.

Iponti kwakungumqondiso kunye nomlinganiselo kobunzima, kwakunye unit malini. Eli gama usetyenziswa rhoqo xa kujongwa ubunzima kwicandelo ngemiyinge emincinci. Kuye esetyenziselwe alwaba amatye anqabileyo (igolide nesilivere).

Pud eyayilingana iikhilogram mane.

Kukho kwakhona umlinganiselo enjalo ubunzima, njengoko "berkovets 'lisetyenziswa ngokukhutheleyo bhaza ngenxa alwaba imithamo eninzi yamaxhoba (umzekelo, njengomthwebeba okanye ubusi). ERashiya, lo gama samkelwa ubunzima iimina zalishumi, nto leyo ilingana nobunzima emilambo umthwebeba uqengqa umntu kwiphenyane yomthengisi. Sisihlandlo sokuqala Berkovtsy nazo ngemithombo imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane XII (imiQulu abarhwebi Novgorod ka-Prince Vsevolod Gabriel Mstislavovich).