Iziphumo eziphambili wolawulo Ivana Groznogo

Ivan Grozny wayengunyana ka-Grand Prince Vasily III. Ubutsha yomphathi elizayo kwenzeka kwixesha elinzima isiyaluyalu kumazwe Russian, apho waba nempembelelo kumbono elizayo Ivan IV indima yaso yinkosana. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba Ivana Groznogo wolawulo ekugqibeleni waba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lizwe kunalo naliphi na umsebenzi kakumkani Russian kwelo xesha.

Ngokutsho eziliqela mbali, kwakunjalo ngoko ukuba bebonke isiphelo of Russia yasekwa njenge ukusekwa okhethekileyo civilizational kwaye neAfrika basempumalanga kunye West.

Imisebenzi benganga kunye neziphumo ezibalulekileyo wolawulo Ivana Groznogo

Ivan IV weza etroneni kusekho abafana kakhulu - ngo-1547. Umcimbi ebalulekileyo kulo nyaka kwimvukelo eMoscow abantu ekhalazela yeetawuli le izinduna. Yombhodamo wafika ukuba amanye amalungu babulawa Rurik Minor. Nokuba ukwenzela unyaka-elinesixhenxe-Prince, kwacaca ukuba urhulumente kufuna iseti ebanzi iinguqu: ukudaleka bureaucracy enye, inguqu kwinkqubo yenkundla, upapasho komthetho ezitsha ukuze kukhawulelwane neemfuno kwexesha, njalo njalo. Enyanisweni, lo msebenzi kwaye achonge iziphumo eziphambili wokulawula Ivana Groznogo kwi kwezopolitiko zangaphakathi yesibhovubhovu. Ngowe-1547, xa iyadi prince kwasekwa i urhulumente sikweni, liqokelelwa wabanumzana, abefundisi kunye namagosa, injongo yaba Ukubanjwa iinguqu ezinkulu-isikali kweli lizwe. Eyona misebenzi iphambili ye ekhethiweyo ezilungileyo (igama urhulumente, ukomeleza kwi historiography) yile ilandelayo:

• indlela ngokuhlanganisa kwinkqubo yenkundla kunye nokupapashwa ngokupheleleyo Sudebnik ngo 1550;
• yokuhlanganisa yonqulo izimiso zeCawa ilizwe Russian kunye ngaphantsi ibandla kurhulumente wehlabathi lonke;
• inguqu ye izixhobo karhulumente, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni inguqu zonke basebukhosini okunene amagosa karhulumente kunye nokuxhomekeka olukhulu oorhulumente basekhaya kurhulumente kazwelonke;
• uguquko wamajoni, kubandakanya ukusungulwa inkqubo efanayo inkonzo kulo lonke elo lizwe kunye nokudalwa iindidi ezintsha ze imikhosi rhoqo (abatoli, gunners). Isiphumo sale msebenzi yaba ukuvela ngamandla karhulumente esembindini endaweni ngokwahluka de kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, izilawuli Russian.

Oprichnina kunye namazwe angaphandle. iziphumo

Noko ke, emva 1560 kukho ungquzulwano phakathi iinkokheli kwipalamente elinyuliweyo kunye Grand Duke. Ithuba elandelayo kwimbali Russian eyaziwa ngokuba yi "oprichnina" apho Ivan IV yena kuye kwasekwa engabandakanyi yokuzinikela amajoni waza uyoyikwa nakwintoni na begazi zala mazwe Russian. Kwelinye icala, oku kwakhokelela ngoluvo kobukhosi ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo kakhulu yinkqubo yendalo eYurophu ngelo xesha. Kwelinye icala, oprichnina wabeka phantsi le ntlekele omkhulu eyaqalisa emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane waza waba iiNkathazo Omkhulu. Kwaya kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye iziphumo wokulawula Ivana Groznogo kwisikhundla ngamazwe likaRhulumente eMoscow. Akuzange kube nje iqumrhu yokuqala enamandla ezopolitiko eMpuma nokuxubana of Kievan Rus, phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI iqala ukwanda esebenzayo yomzabalazo eMoscow ngayo izinto zabo. Ngokuyintloko kummandla aseBalti kunye empumalanga ngeendleko ilifa nababefudula Tatar mkhosi mkhulu kunene, apho iinkosana yokuqala Russian baqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuhlasela Ivan Grozny. Iziphumo ibhodi shwankathela ngokufutshane kwitheyibhile.

iziphumo eziphambili wolawulo Ivana Groznogo. itheyibhile

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iziphumo eboniswe kwiiTheyibhile kunokuba eyayivela.