Amaqela izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Imizekelo izityalo ezilinyiweyo lwamagama

Kangangexesha elide ukuseka uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo ngokwaneleyo kunye flora zabantu. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ukuba Etyelwe abantu ngokwabo, ukuthatha unonophelo izithole, uze kuvunwe. Kodwa ngokwesimo kukho iintlobo ephuhlisa nokuba zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. izityalo ezilinyiweyo, abamagama zinikwe apha ngezantsi, ibaluleke kakhulu ebantwini. Ngubani na iintlobo zibandakanyiwe kolu didi? Kule, kwakunye noko izityalo cultured, kamva kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele

Amaqela kwezityalo olinywayo, nto leyo eza adweliswe ngezantsi, bazibonise ngabantu ukutya kwemfuyo, ukutya, mveliso, amayeza kunye nezinye izinto, yaye ezinye iinjongo. Ngokutsho uhlelo yesibhozo International Code of nokuhlelwa, namhlanje yabona iindidi ezintathu apho okuhlamba lwenziwa phantsi ingqalelo izihluma. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka inkangeleko, iqela kunye Grex (ngokuba orchid). Anakho konke evela zasendle. Kulo mzekelo, oko isicelo ukhetho, hybridization, okanye iindlela zobunjineli yemfuza. Xa sifuna zasendle yokwandisa izityalo yezityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa agcina, uMenzi imfundiso kwamaziko imvelaphi yezolimo. Ngenxa yoko, Vavilov washwankathela lwazi ekhoyo, ezichongwe amaziko ezinkulu 7. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthi ukuba iqela izityalo olinywayo, njengoko kuchasene zasendle, asiyiyo imimandla ulwandiso yendalo (iindawo).

Ukuguqulwa iintlobo zasendle

Ngenxa yokuba zikhe inkcubeko zasendle waqala ukunika izivuno eziphezulu kwimozulu omtsha okanye umhlaba omtsha - kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kubo. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iintlobo zitshintshile ukuze ngoku kunzima ukuchonga izinyanya zabo. Ukuphucula imveliso yezolimo abantu baqala ukusebenzisa nezichumiso. Kwangaxeshanye, yamsusa ekulweni izinambuzane ngokusebenzisa zinambuzane njengezibulali.

izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Imizekelo. ngezigaba

Kukho amaqela alandelayo yezityalo olinywayo zezi:

1. Zokuhombisa (Rose).
2. Ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nokutya okuziinkozo (umz, ingqolowa, umbona, irayisi).
3. Imidumba (isoya, iimbotyi, njalo njalo).
4. Sugar (sugar beet).
5. Krahmalonosnye (iitapile, ibhatata).
6. Nefayibha.
7. Oli (jongilanga).
8. Iziqhamo (apile, amapere, nepayina).
9. Imifuno (fennel, kwaneekomkomere, iitumato).
10. Cucurbits (melon, ivatala).
11. Ivuselela (poppy, ikofu, iti).

incazelo

Iqela kwezityalo kumiselwa ngokungqinelana ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokuhlela ngokwenjongo zoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo ethile. Umzekelo, kukho amaqela amayeza, ubusi, umbala, kukujikeleza, ukutya, ukutya, izityalo mveliso kunye nezinye izityalo. Njengoko ukwehluka oluhlobo (lula ngaphantsi yaye, ke ngoko, akufane kusetyenziswa) inokuba ukwahlukana ngokungqinelana kunye izinto ezikhoyo apho. Kulo mzekelo, bahlule, umzekelo, alkaloidosoderzhaschie, belkosoderzhaschie, zhirnomaslinichnye kunye nabanye. Kwakhona wayedla kunye nokuhlelwa mixed: kunye ukutya, amayeza, ukutya, ekwanti njengokuba oli, ezinezikhondo, amaqela okuneziqholo-enuka izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo sivakalayo ihlenga ngokupheleleyo kucingwa ukuba zihlelwe ngokungqinelana nomgaqo yesebe.

Ukwahlukana ngokuvumelana namashishini ezolimo

Iingcali ukuchonga amaqela yezityalo zilinywa uhlobo yokulima: iziqhamo olukhulayo, imifuno kule ngingqi kunye nomsebenzi entsimini. Ngako oko, kukho iziqhamo, imifuno kunye uhlobo entsimini. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, yahlulwe ingcambu (isithombo, iikherothi, beet), igqabi (lettuce, isipinatshi, ikhaphetshu), iziqhamo (yemixoxozi, tomato), isiqu (hlaza, kohlrabi), iibhalbhu (ikonofile, itswele). incasa Ngenxa iqelana ezizodwa kwiimeko ezininzi ingqalelo (enuka) izityalo zezityalo (parsley, idile). Amatswele aba amatswele kunye kwiintlobo ayinakutyiwa. Phakathi ukutya engundoqo kufuneka ngokuba neetapile (eYurophu), icassava yam (e-Afrika).

grade endle

Eli qela kwezityalo ziquka cereals (okuziinkozo - irye, ingqolowa, imidumba - neentlumaya, iimbotyi zesoya, ertyisi, iisiriyeli kwibakala - amazimba, buckwheat, iingcambu (umnqathe, beet), amatswele (neetapile), ukujikeleza (hemp, neflakisi, umqhaphu .), i-oyile (lwemostade, peanut, kajongilanga), izityalo zefula (ilusini, clover) kwezinye iimeko, a lesiphumo intsimi melon ntlobo ziquka ithanga, ivatala, melon, kodwa idla lula ngakumbi ukuba gqala iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nokuba format. nemifuno amaqela enkcubeko. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ilungele Kwakhona yabelwa ngokwahlukileyo grade amayeza (valerian, foxglove, njalo-njalo), ioli kubalulekile (lavender, yekoriyandire), kwakunye neentlobo ezithile (noAbhishagi icuba).

iintlobo zeziqhamo

Eli qela iquka kwezolimo, nto leyo ekuxakatha isiqhamo esisa iindaba zimnandi. Nabo ke, yahlulwe iziqhamo ilitye (apricot, Plum, cherry), iziqhamo pome (quince, pere, apile), amaqunube (currants, amaqunube, rasberries, amaqunube). Xa elo qela linye, kwezinye iimeko ziquka iziqhamo citrus (-orenji, yelamuni), Anut (hazelnut, nezom-amangile, Anut). Isiqhamo amaxesha zabelwe iqelana ntlobo sehlathi. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka medlar, nomrharnate, komkhiwane. Kufuphi iziqhamo kunye berry kuthathwa ukuba izityalo ezifana wavuka ezinqeni, sihlahla kunye nezinye vitaminonosnye.

cereals

Xa iqela lonke kwezityalo yentsimi papa zithathwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi iintlobo ezininzi ethandwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe irayisi, ingqolowa, rye, i-oats, umbona, amazimba. Ezi iinkcubeko kwidatha ezahlukeneyo abahlala malunga kwiikota ezintathu umhlaba olimekayo umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle. Ingqolowa elinywayo phantse yonke; ke isonka esingundoqo umntu kuyidla yonke imihla. Inxalenye yokuvuna, ukongeza, kusetyenziswa lokondla iinkomo. Akukho isityalo kangako uthathwa Fig. Kumazwe Asia kucingwa kutya kutyiwa. Kwindibano oluzenzekelayo, esandeni, umz, ingqolowa ukudibanisa, ingqolowa ifunyenwe ecocekileyo. Ukuba nigqibelele ukulunga iiyunithi, indoda uvuma ukuba ukuqokelela kunye nezinye izityalo, ezifana zesoya, ingqolowa kunye nabanye.