Isizathu sokuba ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian kunye neziphumo zawo

Nayiphi karhulumente kwimbali yayo, ukuya kwizigaba ezithathu - lokwaluka kunye nophuhliso, ubudala yegolide, ukubola kwaye xa befile abaphili. Kievan Rus - ukuma enamandla le nokuxubana zasempumalanga - kungekho ngaphandle, ngoko emva kokuba uloyiso yakhe ehlabathini ngexesha Yaroslava Mudrogo, ngokuthe ngcembe baphulukana impembelelo yayo iyanyamalala c imephu kwezopolitiko. Isizathu sokuba ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian namhlanje yaziwa besikolo kunye nabantu abadala, kodwa ke omnye kuphela ayikho: Kievan Rus walahleka ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle kunye lwangaphakathi, nto leyo kunye kwakhokelela ukuba umphumela onjalo. Ke thina siya kuthi yonke into ukuze.

A incinane

Yintoni isizathu sokuba ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian, nto ngexesha layo ahlala kwintsimi enkulu ukusuka Taman Peninsula ukuya efikelela kuyo Northern Dvina River, omlambo iVolga ukuya Dniester kunye Vistula? Ngaphambi sijonga ngayo, sikhumbula ngokufutshane imbali Kievan Rus.

Ngokwemveli, ukuyilwa urhulumente ithathwa 862 - umhla kubizwe ababekhwele kweso Rurik. Ekubeni zibethelelwe amandla ayo e Kiev, ezihlangwini zakhe Oleg Veschy united ilizwe elikufutshane phantsi kwengalo yakhe. mbali abaninzi abavumelani nalo mbono, kuba ngaphambi kokufika Oleg eRashiya kwakukho imizi enqatyisiweyo, imibutho amajoni, ukwakha ikhalenda iinqanawa, iitempile, kuthwalelwa, kukho kuye inkcubeko yayo, inkolo kunye nolwimi. Nqaba isixeko ikomkhulu Kiev waviwa ibekwe kwi iindlela zorhwebo.

The Golden Age of East Slavic karhulumente weza emva ukwamkelwa sobuKristu 988 waya kuyo , uVladimir i-Red Ilanga kunye Yaroslava Mudrogo, ontombazana waba ukumkanikazi kumazwe amathathu kunye naye yamkele umgaqo-siseko wokuqala "Russian Truth". Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo Kyivan Rus kuphuhliswa nabunye feudal ubutshaba phakathi neenkosi ezininzi wobukhosi. Esi sisizathu sokuqala siphambili ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian. Mongolian uNabhali acinywe kuye imaphu kwezopolitiko eYurophu, siwenze ube ulus zikude Golden mkhosi.

Internal Imiba Rus ekungafuneki

Isizathu esiyintloko ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian - Kievan Rus nabunye feudal ubutshaba phakathi nabathetheli. Olu luguqulelo yemveli uninzi mbali, naye ingqalelo yokuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amazwe aseYurophu ngelo xesha. Yobunzulu negalelo ukuqhekezwa zilandelayo:

• zizilawuli, Russian Sasingqongwe ziintshaba - izizwe ezininzi, nto leyo zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ekhula. Wonke lizenzele waba lutshaba walo, ngoko ukulwa off nemikhosi yakhe.
• prince nganye wobukhosi yayisekelwe amaqela amatsha kodwa nempembelelo labemi, ezibandakanya abameli zeCawa, izidwangube, abarhwebi.
• uphuhliso olungalinganiyo noqoqosho mimandla: i ubulawuli izityebi akazange afune ukwabelana izibonelelo zazo kunye Grand Prince of Kiev kunye ezindaweni ahlwempuzekileyo.
• ingxabano rhoqo civil ngenxa etroneni eKiev phakathi iindlalifa, batshabalala apho kukho inani elikhulu labantu abaqhelekileyo.

ezibangela yangaphandle kokufa Kievan Rus '

ezibangela yangaphakathi ye ekuweni karhulumente Old Russian ngokufutshane, sanduluka, ngoku sijonga iimeko zangaphandle. Ixesha abathetheli nempumelelo benze ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwemida yawo. UVladimir wabhaptiza Rus, ngoxa bafumana ubabalo yoBukhosi baseByzantium kunye nenkxaso kwamazwe aseYurophu, Yaroslav amalungiselelo imitshato dynastic, uphuhlise izakhiwo, inkcubeko, imisebenzi yobugcisa, imfundo, kunye neminye imiba. Kule meko-nkqubo yangaphandle ngenkulungwane ye-13 ekuqaleni iye yatshintsha phantsi: ukukhonya behlabathi baqhutyelwa ibango ngokukuko i Mongols. isiyalo Iron nokuthobela ngokupheleleyo abadala, abaninzi kunye axhobileyo kakuhle, amaphulo atsalwa odlulileyo, wenza mbuya gidi. Emva kokoyiswa Rus Mongols yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yobomi, wazisa imithetho emitsha waphakamisa ezinye yesixeko kwayitshabalalisa inkqubo enye. On top of konke oku ebulewe okanye ngamakhoboka abantu abaninzi, njengoko iqembu elibusayo kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Ukuwa Old Russian karhulumente: Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

Izinto sokonakalisa sezopolitiko Kievan Rus, sihlolisise ngoku sifumanisa ukuba yintoni imiphumo yale nto ke iye yaba kurhulumente. Ekuqaleni le ukuqhekeka feudal karhulumente Old Russian kwaba HIV: ayenziwa ezolimo, yezandla, lwenziwe umsebenzi wezandla eliphilileyo, esi sixeko sakhula.

Kodwa ke amafa baba ithi ezahlukeneyo, ogama abalawuli rhoqo nzima igunya ithambo engundoqo ingxabano - Kiev. Isixeko eyinkunzi kunye nelizwe yayo ezilahlekileyo impembelelo, ethe ocande ezandleni kwimimandla etyebileyo nonamandla. Ezi ziquka Compostela-Volyn, uVladimir-Suzdal kunye yalilizwe Novgorod boyar, nto leyo uthathwa kuba yindlalifa yezopolitiko ububona Old Russian. Nenzondo buthathaka kakhulu ilizwe yaye akazange avumele iinkosana Russian ukuba sibumbane kuhlaselo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ngenxa apho Kiev iRashiya iye yaphela.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Oonobangela kunye neziphumo sokonakalisa kwezopolitiko karhulumente Old Russian we kwakhona. Le excursion ibe imbali kufuneke senze isifundo ezinkulu; kuphela ngokusebenza kunye nabantu kunye abaphathi aba ukwakha siqinile kwaye zizityebi, nako ukusinda zonke ezibuhlungu ebomini.