Yintoni iAd chemistry mihla?

Makhe sithethe ngoko Isi kwi njini ezingaphiliyo organic.

inkqubo definition

Phantsi reactions redox zibandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ngenxa apho kuzakuthsintsha igcwala imo izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu amachiza nezinto ezintsonkothileyo okanye elula.

Yintoni igcwala

Ngokusebenzisa ezinjalo igcwala ye indlela kwemichiza, ngaloo ndlela apho lokuchophela atom okanye ion ethile ulahlekelwa elektroni, yandisa inani yayo yoqobo igcwala. Le nkqubo uphawu zesinyithi.

Yintoni na isenzo

Phantsi isenzo ibandakanya utshintsho imichiza, okubangela iqondo igcwala kuya kuncipha ion okanye into elula, kongezwe electron kwenzeka. Le ndlela uphawu non-isinyithi kunye iintsalela asidi.

Faka reductant

Ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo oko iAd, asinakukwazi ngoyaba into enjalo njenge "arhente nokunciphisa".

Ngezantsi oko kwakuthetha zinemoletyhule cala okanye ion ityala, leyo ngenxa yentsebenziswano kwemichiza ndikholiswe ion kwesinye-atom okanye electron, nokunyusa izinga kwabo igcwala.

Guquka oxidant

Ukuqiqa phezu yintoni OVR Kubalulekile ukukhankanya sexesha ezifana "oxidizer". Phantsi zithathwa ukuba kuthetha ion okanye atom cala ukuba intsebenziswano weekhemikhali uza electron ezimbi ezinye athom okanye amasuntswana cala. Ngelo xesha linye karhulumente yayo igcwala original kuya kuncipha.

iintlobo Isi

Babebanga oko iAd, kufanele kuqatshelwe malunga neentlobo ezi nkqubo, adla kuqwalaselwa kwi njini ezingaphiliyo organic.

ukwenzela aphakathi zibandakanya ezo iinkqubo apho athom kunye nokunciphisa arhente kunye oxidizing arhente ibekwe izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuqala, yena waphendula. Njengoko umzekelo olu hlobo wenguqu kunokubangela intsebenziswano phakathi oxide manganese (4) kunye nesisombululo zehydrochloric acid apho igesi yeKhlorini ibunjiwe, chloride manganous kunye namanzi.

Kule nkqubo ngemichiza anions njengoko reductant kuvela yeKhlorini igcwala njengoko intsebenziswano. nolungelelaniso manganese (kunye namachibi +4) usebenzisa indlela umthamo igcwala, ukwamkela elektroni ezimbini, lifinyele.

intsebenziswano Intramolecular i utshintshwano imichiza efana, njengoko i-arhente ukunciphisa kwaye athom kunye oxidant ekuqaleni athom into enye ukuqala, yaye emva kokuguquka bona iimveliso ezahlukeneyo basabela.
Njengoko umzekelo olu hlobo yokusabela angamelwa yokubola potassium khloreyithi. Emva ngokushushubeza iziyobisi ziya kuguqulelwa potassium chloride neoksijini. Iipropati Oxidative ezi uphawu khloreyithi anion, leyo, ukuthatha electron amahlanu indlela ndibuhluthe similise okwaloo chloride.

Kulo mzekelo, i anion oxygen baya kubonisa ukunciphisa kwiipropati, ukuba oxidized mpilo eziphilayo. Ngoko ke yintoni na IAD kule meko? Le nkqubo transfer electron phakathi ion, ekhokelela ukuyilwa mveliso ezimbini basabela.

Kwakhona olu hlobo ekudibaneni kwemichiza zisenzeka kunye utshintsho igcwala ithi izinto ekuqaleni xa ifomula ibhekisela inkqubo yokubola ammonium nayitrayithi. Nitrogen emi kule zesiqinisekiso Ammonium ukuba igcwala zikarhulumente 3, ngexesha lenkqubo uthumela ezintandathu electron kwaye oxidized ukuba initrojeni eziphilayo. Kwaye ke nitrogen nto leyo ilungu nayitrayithi, wamkela elektroni ezintandathu, kunye arhente ukunciphisa, kwaye ngexesha basabela kokuba oxidized.

Yintoni iAd in chemistry? Inkcazelo ngazo ngasentla ibonisa ukuba le yenguqu ezinxulumene utshintsho izinto eziliqela igcwala.

Autoxidation kunye nokufunyanwa (asifani) ithatha iinkqubo ezinjalo kwikhosi leyo njengoko arhente ukunciphisa kunye arhente oxidizing ikhonza omnye ukuqala atom leyo eza kwandisa kwaye ngaxeshanye nokunciphisa imeko yayo igcwala emva kokugqitywa basabela njani. Babebanga oko iAd ukho chemistry, imizekelo utshintshwano inokufumaneka nkqu ekuhambeni zemichiza kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ipotaziyam sulfite yokubola phezu zokufudumeza iziphumo lokusekwa neetyuwa ezimbini metal: sulphide kunye sulphate. I-sulphur in igcwala karhulumente +4 kunye neempawu imiboniso zokunciphisa kunye namachibi ngokuvusa usehlisa nezalathi igcwala karhulumente.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba lithetha ntoni WRA kwi chemistry, sibe nenye uhlobo utshintshwano imichiza ezinjalo. Kontrproportsionirovanie ibandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ngenxa apho oxidant kunye atom reductant iqanjwa amacandelo ahlukeneyo lokuqalisa, kodwa kwicala lasekunene, zakha imveliso reaction. Umzekelo, ngokuhlanganisa a oxide sulphur (4) kunye emanzini ukwenza isalfure kunye namanzi. Ion nesalfa igcwala zikarhulumente +4 uya electron ezine kunye ion isalfure -2 Isalathisi ulahlekelwa electron ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, bobabini senziwa similise into elula, esingaba igcwala karhulumente ka-zero.

isiphelo

Xa ucinga yintoni na Isi chemistry, siphawula ukuba olu ukuguqulwa ezininzi, apho izinto eziphilayo umsebenzi, beka ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zendalo ezinzulu. Ukuze amalungiselelo ezi zibalo e izinto ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uzinzo elektroniki.