Amagqabi uhlobo lwezityalo

Iimilo amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neengcambu izityalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga omnye principal organs zonke izityalo eluhlaza. Yeyona igqabi. Le ibekwe esiqwini, uthathe indawo osecaleni kuyo. Leaf isimo utshintshatshintsha kakhulu, kwakunye nobukhulu zabo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye duckweed, izityalo amanzi, ukuba ezintathu omise ubukhulu. Oku uyakwazi ukufikelela ukuya kwiphepha semitha enye Victoria Amazon. Ezinye zezandla tropical kunye ubude 20-22 m.

iimpawu ngokubanzi amagqabi zezityalo

imithi itshazile imele umtshayelo ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Idla kunzima ukumisela imbonakalo yayo ebusika, xa ze isithsaba. Imithi kunye amagqabi, bewe ebusika, musa ukukhula, kodwa ahlale ephila. Kuphela emva kokuba eqhubela beqala baphile ngokupheleleyo kwaye afuane imilo zazo zithwala. Uluhlu - oku umzimba yezihlunu, kodwa inxulumene ngokusondeleyo esikhondweni, leyo asinde esiqwini.

Xa psilophytes, izityalo ilizwe endala, kwakungekho omzimba umzimba, eziqhelekileyo kuthi. isakhiwo lwabo awabelwa ingcambu, igqabi kunye isiqu. Kwathi kancinane emva koko. Modern imilo yezityalo igqabi kunye yombutho zeplastikhi kakhulu. Ukususela isiqu kunye ingcambu kwezi imizimba iinkalo ezahlukeneyo isici. Amahlumelo leaf imizimba yawo lateral. Bona zenziwe surfactants (exogenously) njengoko amaqhuma ebekwe ekukhuleni cone. Nangona kunjalo, lo kushiya ngokwawo kwezi yokukhula yokuswela. Bona ukukhulisa kwisiseko. Bona ayikho ngqo elinye okanye yezihlunu amalungu. Ukukhula ezinye ubude eliqingqiweyo ixesha.

Leaf Isakhiwo: imithetho and exceptions

Lamina yi isahlulo elide wetshati. Petiole - steblevidnaya inxalenye yayo, kwaza. Ngawo kuye esiqwini inxulumanisa blade amagqabi. Base - inxalenye yayo iqhotyoshelwe ukuzilimaza esiqwini. Xa asezantsi stipules.

Njengoko umthetho, isakhiwo amagqabi cerebro-esiswini (dorziventralnoe). Lo moya wolingano ngomnye, yaye yahlula zibe iziqingatha ezibini macala omnye komnye. Noko ke, le migaqo kufuneka ngaphandle ezininzi. Umzekelo, amagqabi amagqabi (yefeni) kwincam ekhulayo. Ke ukuba iinaliti ngcu, kwenyusa ubukhulu kwiminyaka embalwa. Xa iinaliti pine ukhule ukukhula gusset esisekweni.

Noko ke, ngaphandle ezimangalisayo kulo mgaqo kunokuthathwa amagqabi mirabilis iWelwitschia. It gymnosperms, nto leyo ifumaneka eMzantsi Afrika (Kalahari Desert). Tumboobrazny umboko iWelwitschia mirabilis (40 cm ngobude-1 m ubukhulu) Iifomu sheets-2 kuphela. ubude yabo eziimitha ezintathu. IFomu ushiya remnevidnaya, ukuba bulishica. La magqabi kufa iziphelo kwaye isiseko ukhula rhoqo. Ngenxa yoko, iminyaka yabo yokuphila lingaba ngaphezu iminyaka eli-100.

Indlela lokuhlela amagqabi?

Amagqabi olungaphandle ziintsapho kakhulu ukuba inkqubo yokuhlela enye esekelwe kwi iimpawu omnye okanye ngaphezulu, awubunjwa. Kukho iindidi zokuhlelwa eziliqela, esingamangqina ako oko thina ngoku uchaze.

Ukwahlukanisa le petiole

Kukho iindlela ezintathu isiqu iqhotyoshelwe amagqabi. Isityalo ame petioles ngaphandle kwabo. Kwimeko yokuqala, amagqabi zesityalo ekuthiwa petiolate, ngoxa yesibini - sessile. Phantsi kwezinye izityalo ezikhulayo, nesigubungelo phezu esikhondweni ibandla. Kulo mzekelo sheet kuthiwa lobufazi. Stem ungathanda ukutyala kulo. Ukuba isityalo omdala kwehla likhaba, ibizwa ngokuba decurrent. Umzekelo woko - kwinkunzane. Ukuba isityalo igquma esikhondweni, oko kuthiwa amplexicaul.

Glycol namagqabi

Qubeka ukuya yokuhlela elilandelayo. disks zamagqabi kwakhona obungafaniyo kakhulu ngembonakalo, ubungakanani, isakhiwo, kunye nezinye iparameters. Kusenokubakho enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba kukho irekhodi enye kuphela, kuthiwa elula amagqabi. Amagqabi Ifomu kwemithi kule meko kunokuba ibe mbhoxo, ngeenxa zonke, lanceolate, lume, ezimilise-iqanda, yomgama, obratnoyaytsevoy. Xa macwecwe emininzi petiole olunye, yinto iintlobo ezintsonkothileyo. Indawo lamina nayo eyahlukileyo. Form amagqabi (isakhiwo) ukuze kwenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: preryvistoperistoslozhnoy, trizhdyperistoslozhnoy, dvazhdyperistoslozhnoy, imparipinnately, parnoperistoslozhnoy, palchatoslozhnoy, Ternate.

Noko ke, Amagqabi alula nto ilula kakhulu. Qwalasela oku kuboniswa izityalo ezininzi monstera. uluhlu lwakhe ibandakanya lamina enye kuphela kugqalwa elula kangaka. Noko ke, ukuma kwalo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Amagqabi olu hlobo kuthiwa dissected. Kukho nezinye iindidi. Ukuba plate ingadluli cut-iikota ububanzi bayo, ukuma amagqabi lobed zemithi. Ukuba uthe wagawulwa ngumntu wesithathu, oko kuthiwa uqhekeko. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba sheet cut ifikelela imithambo eziphambili. Kulo mzekelo, imilo lwesityalo walamba dissected.

Inani ukusikwa, imilo yabe igqabi kunye nokuphela kwegqabi

Qubeka ukuya yokuhlela elilandelayo. Izityalo zisenokwahluka kwaye inani basike sheet. Ukuba uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu, ibizwa ngokuba troychato- ukuba 5 - palchato- ukuba inani elikhulu izahlulo - peristo- (dissected, uphuphu, nesimbo).

iincakuba amagqabi nayo ezithathwa ifomu. Anikezele ezininzi ngeendlela :. Ovoid, ungqukuva, lanceolate, lanceolate, yomgama, ezimilise intliziyo lume,, utolo-emile, njl Ngu kwisiseko efanayo naye Cazulula kunye nokuphela kwegqabi. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo oxwebhu edge - engundoqo (amagqabi ezigudileyo-mbini). Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo eziliqela. unamazinyo olwabiweyo, crenate, kolyuchezubchatye (nezihlahla), serrate imilo uhambahamba igqabi buthelezi.

Geterofiliya

Ngaba uqhelene nale mbono? Ukuba akunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba amagqabi kwi ihlumelo omnye abe imilo ezahlukeneyo, umbala kunye nobungakanani. Le nto yaziwa geterofiliya. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, umzekelo, kuba arrowhead, buttercup, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi.

plant emthanjeni

Xa kubonakala ukuqwalasela izityalo igqabi ukuba kukho mithambo. Le mpahla conductive. indawo yazo kwimakhishithi anokwahluka. Venation - yindlela lwamalungiselelo lwegqabi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi yayo: Net (pinnate kunye ngomnwe) dichotoma, arc ngaxeshanye. Kuba monocots arc iimpawu okanye mibala parallel, nangenxa bipartite - net.

Sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele uthelekise komoki kunye maple amagqabi, ukumisela ubume babo.

amagqabi oki

Oki - izityalo ngokuqhelekileyo sezulu sifudumele. Izakufunyanwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yoMntla saseNtla. kwiintaba Tropical - kumda osemazantsi imila. Amagqabi zayo bulishica. Ezinazo umthi kwiintlobo evergreen kangangeminyaka eliqela, yaye kwezinye iindidi kuwa kunyaka ngamnye, okanye ahlale phezu amasebe, ayomise kancinci liyatshabalala. Form oki amagqabi nesimbo. Noko ke, maxa wambi kubakho lonke. Olu hlobo igqabi oki wazibona kwezinye iintlobo, ndimkhathalela. Amhlophe, umzekelo, amagqabi mikhulu (ukuya kuma-25 cm). Kule iintlobo zemithi kwiphepha imilo lume-elimbhoxo. Entwasahlobo lwayo iba umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo, yaye ixesha ehlotyeni itshintsha umbala wayo oluhlaza oqaqambileyo, ngoxa amazantsi uba emhlophe. amagqabi Umthunzi uyahluka ukuwa. Kusenokuba ukusuka kwizityebi nemfusa lwaseBurgundy. amagqabi Forms ekwindla andiguquguquki.

Red Oak (kungenjalo ubizwa ngokuba North) - umthi omde (ukuya kwi-25 m), nto leyo iba isithsaba ashinyeneyo. amagqabi awo zinkulu, abe ibleyidi ziloliwe. igama layo ngu umthi afunyenwe ngenxa yamahlamvu, nto leyo eye umbala, kwayingqombela, yasekwindla nemvula yasentwasahlobo.

amagqabi maple

Eurasia likhaya ku maple. Bungumthi avuthulukayo kunye ashinyeneyo, elirhangqiweyo, isithsaba ngokubanzi. Ngelo ukuphakama lufikelela neemitha ezingama-30. Umthi inokuphila phantsi kweemeko kakuhle ukuya kwiminyaka-200. amagqabi awo zinkulu, ubukhulu yabo 18 cm. Ziye zathi mithambo. Nemilo Maple Igqabi yile ilandelayo: ngayo iincakuba-5, kuze isithinzi etsolo. Kulo mzekelo iincakuba ezintathu phambi musa kwahluka enye kwenye, yaye amabini asezantsi noko ezincinci. emathambekeni ajikelezayo aphakathi bonke bephela. Petioles elide. Yona umbala, oko iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Ehlotyeni amagqabi bumnyama eluhlaza ngasentla kwaye ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphantsi. Ekwindla zibe mdaka, obomvu, grupo ezikhanyayo brown.

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo imilo ezingundoqo amagqabi. Okokugqibela, ndithi ngendima yabo.

amahlamvu meaning

Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo ukuyilwa into ephilayo. Ezinkulu kwaye iflethi sheet ipleyiti ebeganga kwelanga. Kuthatha indawo amagqabi inkqubo yefotosinthsis. Ngoncedo lwabo, isityalo nayo ngumphunga ngayo amanzi. It ungatshintsha ngobunzulu zenkqubo, ukuvala kukwavulwa yokondliwa. Ukongeza, ngoncedo kunaniselwano gas igqabi kwenzeka. Icarbon dioxide kunye mpilo wondla ngokusebenzisa yokondliwa. Mpilo eziyimfuneko ukuphefumla, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ifuna isityalo ukuze kuyondelelaniswe kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngexesha igqabi ukuwa izinto ezingeyomfuneko ziyasuswa, umphezulu amalungu ezonga awusafuni ngexesha ezibi. Isityalo umphunga amanzi ngaphantsi, nesithsaba oqokelela ikhephu encinane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uya kwaphula.