Anselm waseCanterbury: ifilosofi, iingcamango ezisisiseko, izicaphuno, iminyaka yobomi, i-biography ngokufutshane

Ngoku kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa iminyaka eyinkulungwane edlulileyo indoda yabonakala emhlabeni eguqule imibono yabantu ngoThixo. Wanyanzelisa ihlabathi lamaKristu ukuba afunde indlela yokuphila ngokubhekiselele kwiZibhalo ezingcwele, wachaza kakhulu into eyayicatshulwe ngasentla ekuqondeni komntu oqhelekileyo. U-Anselm waseCanterbury, ngenxa ye-erudition yakhe, ukuhlonela uThixo kunye nokunyaniseka, wakwazi ukutshintsha ingcamango yembono yabaninzi beScholastics.

Inceba kaThixo

Wazalelwa kwintsapho ecebileyo. Abazange baphile ebuhlwempu, bebengayazi ubunzima, njengokuba, ngokomlambo. Kodwa inkwenkwe eneminyaka esithoba ubudala yayinephupha iNkosi eyayithetha kuyo kwaye yamcela ukuba enyukele entabeni ephakamileyo kuloo ndawo, aze aphule isonka kunye naye. Kwakuyimpembelelo ecacileyo ukuba umntwana owayengafune lutho, wamkhumbula iminyaka emininzi.

Le nkwenkwe yayingenayo ithuba lokungena ngexesha lobuncinci, njengoko unina ngokukhawuleza efa, eshiya uyise ukuba angenasiphako, ekhuni ngenxa yentlungu, uqhube umsindo kumntwana wakhe. Ayinakukwazi ukumelana nokunyangwa okunjalo, u-Anselm ushiya indlu kunye nomkhonzi omdala, owawubuhlungu ngenxa yenkwenkwana. Bawela iintaba ngeenyawo baze baye eFransi. Abahambi belambile kangangokuba loo mntu waqala ukudla ikhephu. Ukuphelelwa yithemba, umhambi wakhe ohamba naye ukhangele kwi-knapsack, elinde apho ukuba abone ukungabi nantoni, kodwa kunoko ufumana i-hunk yesonka esimhlophe. Ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kwenceba kaThixo kwakhona kuphinda kubonise loo mfana ukuba kufuneka azinikezele ebandleni.

Indwendwe yeNtombikazi kaMariya

Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuqala kohambo lwabo oluhlangeneyo, abahambi bethu bafika kwiindwendwe, eziphantsi kolawulo lomfundisi odumileyo kunye nengcali yeLunfranc. Kukho isikolo apha esikwazi ukunika imfundo efanelekileyo eYurophu kunoma ubani ozimisele ukufunda kwaye ngubani oya kucela. Ngokwemvelo, u-Anselm ujabulise ngenjabulo kwi-granite yesayensi, kwaye kungekudala abe ngumfundi ongcono. Kweminye iminyaka elishumi uthabatha ukuthabatha izithembiso zesigodlo kwaye aphile ubomi obulungisa. Ngokomgangatho, bathatha ubomi babangcwele abachitha imihla yabo bathandazela abantu, bazila ukutya rhoqo kwaye bafundisa abanye ukuba baphile ngokuvumelana nomthetho kaThixo.

Ngeleli

I-Lanfranca idluliselwa kwelinye iindwendwe, kwaye u-Anselm waseCanterbury uba ngumbingeleli omtsha. Ngeli xesha, wabumba iingcamango, waboniswa kwiincwadi kwi-theology. Imibuzo yefilosofi malunga nesibingelelo soMsindisi, isixhobo solwazi lwehlabathi, sithatha ingcinga zakhe. Ukutolika kwezi zivakalisi, kokubili ifilosofi kunye nakwimbono ye-theology, kunika ummemezeli waseCanterbury ukuba aqaphele uluntu.

Ukuqonda: ikholo okanye ingqondo ephezulu?

Ngokwamaphepha aseleyo, u-Anselm waseCanterbury, owamkela iingcamango zakhe ngenkuthalo nangokwakhelwa ngentshiseko ngecawa, wayekholelwa ukuba ulwazi luyimfuneko ukukholelwa, kuba ukuba ihlabathi lizalwe ngaphandle kwengcamango yomntu omkhulu, ukholo kuphela lunokukunceda ukuqonda injongo yalo. Le nkcazo, enye ingxabano ekuqalekeni kwayo, ngokukhawuleza yamkelwa ngabaxhasayo abaye bakwazi ukukholisa bonke abantu inyaniso yabo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sifundo kwakunokwenzeka ukuqonda omnye, ukuba imbono kaThixo izalwe ngexesha elifanayo kunye nomntu kwaye sele ikhona kuye-ngoko ke, uThixo ukhona.

UMbhishophu omkhulu waseCanterbury

Iphulo eliyimpumelelo likaWilliam uMnqobi ukuba athabathe iBritani aze alethwe ezweni lamaCeltic kunye nobuKristu, exhaswe ngumlilo nekrele. Kwaye kunye naye umfundisi uKelfranc weza ukunyamezela ukukhanya kokholo lokwenyaniso. U-Anselm wayevame ukutyelela utitshala wakhe kwaye wayethanda abantu basekuhlaleni. Ngoko xa i-ofisi yaseLinfranc iphelile malunga nokufa kwakhe ngokungapheli, abantu bafuna ukuba abe ngumbhishophu olandelayo. Ngoko waba nguAnselm waseCanterbury.

Iminyaka yobomi eFoggy Albion yayingelula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Emva kukaWilliam uMnqobi, kwafika ukumkani omtsha, engafuni ukuphulaphula intshumayelo evela kunoma yimuphi umntu kwaye ngokukhawuleza abhekane nomviwa kwi-ofisi yobhishophu. Iminyaka emine emininzi ibhekene nabo, kwaye ngoku, ekufeni kwakhe, uWilhelm unike imvume yakhe yokuqeshwa kuka-Anselm. Kungekudala emva kokuba eso sigqibo sithathwe, ukugula, okwakuthuthunyiswa kukulawula kwexesha elide, kuye kwaphela, kwaye ukuphela kwayo kwahlehliswa ngonaphakade.

Isingeniso kwisithuba

Ngokwemvelo yendoda yakhe ethobekileyo, u-Anselm waseCanterbury, ifilosofi yakhe ayizange imvumele ukuba aholele abanye abantu, ixesha elide walila isikhundla sakhe. Yonke into ayidakisayo ngayo yonke imbeko ehambelana nalo mcimbi. Uthando olwenziwe ngumzimba lwaluyinto engacacanga kuye. Ngoko ke, akazange amkele abasebenzi basebhishopu ezandleni zakwa-king, ukuba bangaziqondi iindawo zokomoya eziqeshwe ngumlawuli wehlabathi.

Waphinde wavukela iSimonia, oko kukuthi, ukuthengiswa kwezithuba zecawa, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuzalisa umnotho webandla. Kwisithuba sakhe wahlala emfutshane, ngokude nje ekulindele ukuqeshwa-iminyaka emine. Emva kolu xesha, engakwazi ukujamelana noxinzelelo oluvela kukumkani, waya ekuthinjweni, ngokuzithandela, eqonda ukuba yintoni kanye eyayenzayo kwaye wenqaba. U-Anselm waseCanterbury, owakhe u-biography ogcwele izinto ezingalindelekanga, wabuyela eNgilani emva kweminyaka elishumi emva koko. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukuhlwayela iinkozo zokungabaza kwiingcinga zabafundisi abaninzi baseYurophu, kunye nokulwa notyalo-mali. Ukutyunjwa kwiiofisi zecawa, kubonakala kuyo yonke indawo.

Iminyaka ezayo

Ekugqibeleni, amacala omabini afika kwisivumelwano esinoxolo, esibonisa ukuba nje njengabhishophu beya kuhlonipha igunya lehlabathi, ookumkani baya kunika ilungelo lokunikela kwiimpawu zomoya zeCawa.

U-Anselm waseCanterbury, eneengcamango ezingundoqo, eziqondakalayo nokufikeleleka kunoma ubani, wafa ngo-1109, eNgilani, kunye neenkulungwane ezintathu kamva waqhawulwa kwaye wayedweliswa njengongcwele.

Ubukho bukaThixo kuwo wonke umntu

Le ngcamango evela kwibandla yaxhatshazwa ngcamango yokuba kunokwenzeka njani ukuba kubonakale ukuba kukho uThixo. Ewe, ukuze yonke into ibe nengqiqo kwaye iyaqondakala. Le ngcamango yabuhlungu ubhishophu ozayo. U-Anselm waseCanterbury uchaze ngokucacileyo uThixo ngoko, into engenakukwazi ukukhulelwa nantoni na. Le nkcazo iya kucacisa kwanomntu ongaziqhelani ngokupheleleyo ngeemfundiso zonqulo, kwaye ngoko, ukuqonda kukaThixo kubakho kuwo ngamnye ukususela ekuzalweni. Ngoko ke, uThixo ukhona, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba acinge ngento yokuba akakho. Le ngcamango yayixhomekeke ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye yayinamandla kweso sihlandlo, kwaye akubona bonke ababekulungele ukuwamkela. Kamva, kwi-Critique yakhe yeCheck Reason, uKant uyayichasa.

Ubungqina bokukho koThixo

1. Okulungileyo kwaye Okulungileyo kukho kokubili kumxholo wezenzo zikaThixo, kwaye ngokuzimela kuye kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, njengokuba u-Anselm waseCanterbury uthi. Iingcamango zakhe eziphambili ziphephelwa ekucingeni malunga nobuhle bobuninzi bukaThixo. Kule meko, oku kuyona nto isisiseko esihle.
2. Nantoni na inesizathu sayo. Yaye yintoni ihlabathi lethu, ukuba asikho isixa sezinto? Ihlabathi linendlela into ethile, kwaye kufuneka ibe nesizathu. Ngoko, amandla anokudala "into" emangalisayo nguThixo.
3. Isifundo ngasinye sinesidanga sayo sokufezekisa, esinokuthelekiswa nabanye. Kwaye ukuba kukho ukulinganisa okuthelekiswayo, akunakulinganiswa. Lapha kuza kuba nguThixo.
4. Le ngcamango iphinda icacise ingcamango yokuba khona kukaThixo. Kanye nakwiqondo lobuchopho lomntu ogula ngengqondo, kukho ingcamango yokuba ngaphezu kwayo akukho nto ingacingelwa, ngoko nguThixo.

Ezi zine zo bungqina zikhutshwe nguAnselm waseCanterbury (i-biography ichazwe ngokufutshane kule nqaku). Nangona eFransi, waqala ukufumana iingcamango ezifanayo. Baye badibanisa, kukho iingcaciso ezinengqiqo kunye neengqiqo, kwaye zihlanganiswe ngendlela ehambelanayo yobukho bukaThixo.

Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nobu bungqina zingatholakala kwi-"prolozhium" ebizwa ngokuthi "Prolozhium", ezinikele ngokupheleleyo kwiingcamango malunga nokuzikhethela kweengcinga zabantu, impembelelo yokholo kule nkqubo kunye nokungenelela kukaThixo.

I-priori kunye neengxelo zeposi emva

Bonke ubungqina bobukho bukaThixo u-Anselm waseCanterbury bahlula kwizinto ezisekelwe kumava kunye nalawo avunywayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ikhona. Kwi-posteriori, wabhala abo babesaziwa ngethuba likaPlato kwaye babesebenzisa ngokusesikweni ngabakhonzi becawa ukukhokela umhlambi wabo endleleni. Zonke iingxelo ezinjalo ziyancitshiswa into enye: ukujonga ubunjani nophuhliso lobomi kuyo, akunakwenzeka ukuphika ingcamango yokuba konke oku kuvuzwa nguThixo kwaye kunesicwangciso esiphezulu. Ngoko ke, uMdali ukhona.

U-Anselm waseCanterbury, ongufilosofi ayengenelisekanga kuphela ngokuqonda kukaThixo, wafumana ubungqina bokuqala kwakhe. Konke kwavela ukuba kube lula xa sithatha ngokungenanto ukuba uThixo uhlala kuphela kwiimpawu ezintle ezibonakalayo kwindalo. Ekubeni ubukho bubume obuhle, bukhona. Sicinga ukuba uThixo uphelele, kwaye ngoko ukhona. Ngaloo ndlela, ubungqina bokuba khona kukaThixo buvela kwingcamango kaThixo.

Kubu bungqina bokuba u-Anselm waseCanterbury ungene kwimbali yefilosofi kunye nefilosofi . Ifilosofi, eneengcamango eziphambili ezijoliswe ekufumaneni ubungqina bokukho koThixo, ezithintele iinkalo ezininzi zobomi babantu. Kwimibhalo yakhe, wancedisa ukuqonda iingxaki kunye nobuhle bokufundisa kwecawa.

U-Anselm waseCanterbury wayengomnye weengcali ezidumileyo kwixesha lakhe. Ufikile indlela ende ukusuka kwinkwenkwe eya kubakho ubabalo lukaThixo, kumbhishophu onamandla phezu kwengqondo yomhlambi wakhe, kodwa akawusebenzisi kakubi. Ngoko sibona ngoku ukuba uAnselm waseCanterbury wayaphila kwaye wasebenza. Iingcaphuno ezivela kwiingxelo zakhe zisasetyenziswa ngabakhonzi becawa, nangona iifabhrikhethi ziye zachasisa obu bungqina bukaThixo.