Okukwazi Nonspecific: inkcazelo, iindlela, iimeko kunye neempawu

Okukwazi imbaxa yeemeko zokuzikhusela nezinika ukukwazi komzimba ukuze simelane nemiphumela emibi-arhente zangaphandle. Le yokugqibela, umzekelo, kuquka iintsholongwane, buthi, iintsholongwane, imizimba amazwe. Xa nesayensi iintlobo ezimbini okukwazi: ethile kunye non-ngqo. Le yokugqibela iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

направлен против любого антигена. okukwazi sokwazi sibhekiswe nayiphi iantigens. Eziphilayo kwii-mbandela langaphandle wakha impendulo efanelekileyo. Le yokusabela ibe kwinqanaba humoral okanye cellular. Kwimeko yokuqala impendulo is generated ngokuvelisa iikhompawundi antibacterial. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. okukwazi Non-ngqo cellular yenza ukuba kuthinjwe izinto kwamanye amazwe kunye nefuthe cytotoxic.

izakhi

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. izinto Non-ngqo ukhuseleko (okukwazi) zinikiwe ngohlobo imiqobo yokwakheka, iimolekyuli secretory kunye namanye amacandelo. I yangaphambili ziquka maleko epithelial ka uxakaxa, ulusu, ukuhla isiliya bronchopulmonary namathumbu nokuncitshiswa. считается врожденным. uhlobo Non-ngqo sifo uthathwa angaphakathi.

izakhiwo mechanical

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. izinto Physical of non-ngqo okukwazi iseli-mediated zenza kwizithintelo ezahlukeneyo arhente zasemzini. Njengenye zizithintelo ezininzi ophumelelayo kumphezulu epithelial. Le miqobo phantse xhungu ezininzi arhente. Lo mqobo yokuqala isikhumba. Desquamation (exwebula) epithelium ikhuthaza nokususwa iintsholongwane kunye namanye amaqumrhu ezosulelayo. peristalsis isisu, intshukumo ciliary zinika ukukhululwa inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye iphecana zesisu amagciwane. Ngamathe neenyembezi, ukuhlamba emlonyeni amehlo, negalelo ekuthinteleni izifo. Kwakhona ibonelela ngokhuseleko kunye ngokuma isifo kunye phecana zesisu.

iikhemikali

okukwazi Non-ngqo inikezelwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo ukuze bathengwe anemichiza lasekwa ngo-arhente umthondo. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso iintsholongwane kwathotha phantsi kweempembelelo asidi umbilo okunamafutha. baphazamise phezu inwebu iintsholongwane babe phospholipase kunye lysozyme umnikelo netuwa ngeempumlo, iinyembezi kunye namathe. ukukhula bacteria ukucola kunye pH ophantsi netuwa esiswini kunye umbilo. Ilifa umsebenzi elwa kweziyi ephantsi ezinto ubunzima (defensins) langoku kwisiqwenga zesisu kunye nemiphunga. Le flora eqhelekileyo nesikhumba kwisiqwenga zesisu unako ukuthintela ulawulo arhente yayintsholongwane eyosulela yi kwisizukulwana iikhompawundi eziyityhefu okanye akhuphisane iintsholongwane ukuba yofakelo ukuya kumphezulu okanye loonto.

okukwazi Nonspecific: kwinqanaba humoral

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imiqobo yokwakheka ukuthintela ulawulo imiphezulu arhente yayintsholongwane eyosulela iphumelela kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko imiqobo umonakalo badlwengulwe. Oku kuvumela iikhompawundi eziyingozi ukungena emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, okukwazi non-ezithile luvuliwe kwi kwinqanaba humoral. izinto zayo zikhoyo serum okanye inokuqokelelana kwindawo yosulelo zalapha.

inkqubo

Xa zingene umzimba arhente yayintsholongwane eyosulela ezivulwa iindlela zokuzikhusela. Njengoko omnye wabo wenza njengoko inkqubo ngumphelelisi. kusebenze wayo ihamba ngokugaya ziiphagocytes, lysosomes, ukunyuka permeability nemithambo. Enye indlela yinkqubo coagulation. Oku yasebenza ngokuxhomekeke ubuzaza umonakalo kwithishyu. Ezinye iinkqubo nokunika iimveliso impendulo nonspecific yokhuselo ngokwandisa permeability nemithambo. Benza njengoko chemoattractants - Iimveliso, ukujoyina agents, musani ukubacaphukisa intshukumo yabo. Ukongeza, ezinye iimveliso yokuba nempembelelo elwa. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, zibandakanya beta-lysine. Le iproteni lukhutshwe ziiplatelets ngexesha amahlwili. Yena lyse iintsholongwane ezininzi Igram-HIV. Transferrin and Lactoferrin Jikela intsimbi efunekayo ukuze amagciwane umda ukukhula kwabo. Interferon bayakwazi ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka wentsholongwane egazini. Lysozyme kuyabulala ukuba inwebu iintsholongwane.

Iiseli okukwazi nonspecific

Njengenxalenye yempendulo kusuleleko ngelihambisana ngokugaya eosinophils polymorphonuclear, neutrophils, macrophage. Ziya nesiza zalapha ngayo iintsholongwane. Ezi seli zithathwa umgca engundoqo ukukhusela sifo non-ngqo. Neutrophils - leukocytes polymorphonuclear ithunyelwa site yosulelo wayithimba iintsholongwane. omzimba kunokuba kubatshabalalisa intracellularly okanye angashenxela kumgibe extracellular. Ukongeza, neutrophils bayabandakanyeka wokulungisa inyama emva nokupheliswa usulelo.

macrophage

Ezi zinto kwakhona ukukwazi phagocytose (capture) iiseli ebangela isifo kwaye ubatshabalalise. agents yokubulala olwenziwa kwinqanaba intracellular. Macrophage ilifa iimpawu ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba babe bayakwazi extracellular (extracellular) intshabalalo. Ngaphandle izinto ezibandakanyekileyo kwezihlunu zilungiswe.

ukwengeza

Ngaphandle iiseli ngasentla kwinkqubo non-ngqo omzimba iqulethe neeseli ezingababulali zendalo lymphokine-activated. Ezi zinto ayakwazi ngokubulala agents ithumba usulelo. neeseli ezingababulali azithathwa njengenxalenye yempendulo arhabaxa. Noko ke, amandla okukwazi non-ngqo, badlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona ngoku kwindlela eosinophils. Iiproteni granules zabo ngempumelelo ngokuchasene eziliqela gazi.

nezilonda

Umsebenzi iphambili yale abasabela kufeza ukwahlulwa eziphilayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela nobumdaka zabo zomzimba ngokunyebelezela, yaye oko baya kufikelwa yintshabalaliso zabo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukrala zezi histamine, serotonin kunye namanye amacandelo eziphilayo esebenzayo. Baya negalelo ekwandeni capillary permeability, esivumela uphuhliso nokudumba. Langoku ulwelo-arhente site ulwandiso ezi neutrophils, macrophage, lomzimba, ngumphelelisi. Bona zinika neutralization amagciwane ityhefu zabo. Kummandla ziiphagocytes ekugxilwe komtshiso oko. Bakha uhlobo umqobo ethintela ukosuleleka. Kwakhona uqala ukuze yande lwefibrinogen. Ebhekisa fibrin, inikeza ekunqandeni iinqanawa ezincinane yegazi kunye nkovu. Oku kudala asisithintelo ukosuleleka ngazo. Le nakujoliso olutsha ukudumba kakuhle igazi. Ngaloo ndlela baqale ukuqokelela iimveliso asidi ukutya, nokuncipha pH. Ichaphazela kakubi ukukhula nokukotshwa ezincinane.